(* Title: HOL/Library/Multiset.thy
Author: Tobias Nipkow, Markus Wenzel, Lawrence C Paulson, Norbert Voelker
Author: Andrei Popescu, TU Muenchen
Author: Jasmin Blanchette, Inria, LORIA, MPII
Author: Dmitriy Traytel, TU Muenchen
Author: Mathias Fleury, MPII
*)
section \<open>(Finite) multisets\<close>
theory Multiset
imports Main
begin
subsection \<open>The type of multisets\<close>
definition "multiset = {f :: 'a \<Rightarrow> nat. finite {x. f x > 0}}"
typedef 'a multiset = "multiset :: ('a \<Rightarrow> nat) set"
morphisms count Abs_multiset
unfolding multiset_def
proof
show "(\<lambda>x. 0::nat) \<in> {f. finite {x. f x > 0}}" by simp
qed
setup_lifting type_definition_multiset
lemma multiset_eq_iff: "M = N \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>a. count M a = count N a)"
by (simp only: count_inject [symmetric] fun_eq_iff)
lemma multiset_eqI: "(\<And>x. count A x = count B x) \<Longrightarrow> A = B"
using multiset_eq_iff by auto
text \<open>Preservation of the representing set @{term multiset}.\<close>
lemma const0_in_multiset: "(\<lambda>a. 0) \<in> multiset"
by (simp add: multiset_def)
lemma only1_in_multiset: "(\<lambda>b. if b = a then n else 0) \<in> multiset"
by (simp add: multiset_def)
lemma union_preserves_multiset: "M \<in> multiset \<Longrightarrow> N \<in> multiset \<Longrightarrow> (\<lambda>a. M a + N a) \<in> multiset"
by (simp add: multiset_def)
lemma diff_preserves_multiset:
assumes "M \<in> multiset"
shows "(\<lambda>a. M a - N a) \<in> multiset"
proof -
have "{x. N x < M x} \<subseteq> {x. 0 < M x}"
by auto
with assms show ?thesis
by (auto simp add: multiset_def intro: finite_subset)
qed
lemma filter_preserves_multiset:
assumes "M \<in> multiset"
shows "(\<lambda>x. if P x then M x else 0) \<in> multiset"
proof -
have "{x. (P x \<longrightarrow> 0 < M x) \<and> P x} \<subseteq> {x. 0 < M x}"
by auto
with assms show ?thesis
by (auto simp add: multiset_def intro: finite_subset)
qed
lemmas in_multiset = const0_in_multiset only1_in_multiset
union_preserves_multiset diff_preserves_multiset filter_preserves_multiset
subsection \<open>Representing multisets\<close>
text \<open>Multiset enumeration\<close>
instantiation multiset :: (type) cancel_comm_monoid_add
begin
lift_definition zero_multiset :: "'a multiset" is "\<lambda>a. 0"
by (rule const0_in_multiset)
abbreviation Mempty :: "'a multiset" ("{#}") where
"Mempty \<equiv> 0"
lift_definition plus_multiset :: "'a multiset \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset" is "\<lambda>M N. (\<lambda>a. M a + N a)"
by (rule union_preserves_multiset)
lift_definition minus_multiset :: "'a multiset \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset" is "\<lambda> M N. \<lambda>a. M a - N a"
by (rule diff_preserves_multiset)
instance
by (standard; transfer; simp add: fun_eq_iff)
end
context
begin
qualified definition is_empty :: "'a multiset \<Rightarrow> bool" where
[code_abbrev]: "is_empty A \<longleftrightarrow> A = {#}"
end
lemma add_mset_in_multiset:
assumes M: \<open>M \<in> multiset\<close>
shows \<open>(\<lambda>b. if b = a then Suc (M b) else M b) \<in> multiset\<close>
using assms by (simp add: multiset_def insert_Collect[symmetric])
lift_definition add_mset :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset" is
"\<lambda>a M b. if b = a then Suc (M b) else M b"
by (rule add_mset_in_multiset)
syntax
"_multiset" :: "args \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset" ("{#(_)#}")
translations
"{#x, xs#}" == "CONST add_mset x {#xs#}"
"{#x#}" == "CONST add_mset x {#}"
lemma count_empty [simp]: "count {#} a = 0"
by (simp add: zero_multiset.rep_eq)
lemma count_add_mset [simp]:
"count (add_mset b A) a = (if b = a then Suc (count A a) else count A a)"
by (simp add: add_mset.rep_eq)
lemma count_single: "count {#b#} a = (if b = a then 1 else 0)"
by simp
lemma
add_mset_not_empty [simp]: \<open>add_mset a A \<noteq> {#}\<close> and
empty_not_add_mset [simp]: "{#} \<noteq> add_mset a A"
by (auto simp: multiset_eq_iff)
lemma add_mset_add_mset_same_iff [simp]:
"add_mset a A = add_mset a B \<longleftrightarrow> A = B"
by (auto simp: multiset_eq_iff)
lemma add_mset_commute:
"add_mset x (add_mset y M) = add_mset y (add_mset x M)"
by (auto simp: multiset_eq_iff)
subsection \<open>Basic operations\<close>
subsubsection \<open>Conversion to set and membership\<close>
definition set_mset :: "'a multiset \<Rightarrow> 'a set"
where "set_mset M = {x. count M x > 0}"
abbreviation Melem :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> bool"
where "Melem a M \<equiv> a \<in> set_mset M"
notation
Melem ("op \<in>#") and
Melem ("(_/ \<in># _)" [51, 51] 50)
notation (ASCII)
Melem ("op :#") and
Melem ("(_/ :# _)" [51, 51] 50)
abbreviation not_Melem :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> bool"
where "not_Melem a M \<equiv> a \<notin> set_mset M"
notation
not_Melem ("op \<notin>#") and
not_Melem ("(_/ \<notin># _)" [51, 51] 50)
notation (ASCII)
not_Melem ("op ~:#") and
not_Melem ("(_/ ~:# _)" [51, 51] 50)
context
begin
qualified abbreviation Ball :: "'a multiset \<Rightarrow> ('a \<Rightarrow> bool) \<Rightarrow> bool"
where "Ball M \<equiv> Set.Ball (set_mset M)"
qualified abbreviation Bex :: "'a multiset \<Rightarrow> ('a \<Rightarrow> bool) \<Rightarrow> bool"
where "Bex M \<equiv> Set.Bex (set_mset M)"
end
syntax
"_MBall" :: "pttrn \<Rightarrow> 'a set \<Rightarrow> bool \<Rightarrow> bool" ("(3\<forall>_\<in>#_./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)
"_MBex" :: "pttrn \<Rightarrow> 'a set \<Rightarrow> bool \<Rightarrow> bool" ("(3\<exists>_\<in>#_./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)
syntax (ASCII)
"_MBall" :: "pttrn \<Rightarrow> 'a set \<Rightarrow> bool \<Rightarrow> bool" ("(3\<forall>_:#_./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)
"_MBex" :: "pttrn \<Rightarrow> 'a set \<Rightarrow> bool \<Rightarrow> bool" ("(3\<exists>_:#_./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)
translations
"\<forall>x\<in>#A. P" \<rightleftharpoons> "CONST Multiset.Ball A (\<lambda>x. P)"
"\<exists>x\<in>#A. P" \<rightleftharpoons> "CONST Multiset.Bex A (\<lambda>x. P)"
lemma count_eq_zero_iff:
"count M x = 0 \<longleftrightarrow> x \<notin># M"
by (auto simp add: set_mset_def)
lemma not_in_iff:
"x \<notin># M \<longleftrightarrow> count M x = 0"
by (auto simp add: count_eq_zero_iff)
lemma count_greater_zero_iff [simp]:
"count M x > 0 \<longleftrightarrow> x \<in># M"
by (auto simp add: set_mset_def)
lemma count_inI:
assumes "count M x = 0 \<Longrightarrow> False"
shows "x \<in># M"
proof (rule ccontr)
assume "x \<notin># M"
with assms show False by (simp add: not_in_iff)
qed
lemma in_countE:
assumes "x \<in># M"
obtains n where "count M x = Suc n"
proof -
from assms have "count M x > 0" by simp
then obtain n where "count M x = Suc n"
using gr0_conv_Suc by blast
with that show thesis .
qed
lemma count_greater_eq_Suc_zero_iff [simp]:
"count M x \<ge> Suc 0 \<longleftrightarrow> x \<in># M"
by (simp add: Suc_le_eq)
lemma count_greater_eq_one_iff [simp]:
"count M x \<ge> 1 \<longleftrightarrow> x \<in># M"
by simp
lemma set_mset_empty [simp]:
"set_mset {#} = {}"
by (simp add: set_mset_def)
lemma set_mset_single:
"set_mset {#b#} = {b}"
by (simp add: set_mset_def)
lemma set_mset_eq_empty_iff [simp]:
"set_mset M = {} \<longleftrightarrow> M = {#}"
by (auto simp add: multiset_eq_iff count_eq_zero_iff)
lemma finite_set_mset [iff]:
"finite (set_mset M)"
using count [of M] by (simp add: multiset_def)
lemma set_mset_add_mset_insert [simp]: \<open>set_mset (add_mset a A) = insert a (set_mset A)\<close>
by (auto simp del: count_greater_eq_Suc_zero_iff
simp: count_greater_eq_Suc_zero_iff[symmetric] split: if_splits)
subsubsection \<open>Union\<close>
lemma count_union [simp]:
"count (M + N) a = count M a + count N a"
by (simp add: plus_multiset.rep_eq)
lemma set_mset_union [simp]:
"set_mset (M + N) = set_mset M \<union> set_mset N"
by (simp only: set_eq_iff count_greater_zero_iff [symmetric] count_union) simp
lemma union_mset_add_mset_left [simp]:
"add_mset a A + B = add_mset a (A + B)"
by (auto simp: multiset_eq_iff)
lemma union_mset_add_mset_right [simp]:
"A + add_mset a B = add_mset a (A + B)"
by (auto simp: multiset_eq_iff)
lemma add_mset_add_single: \<open>add_mset a A = A + {#a#}\<close>
by (subst union_mset_add_mset_right, subst add.comm_neutral) standard
subsubsection \<open>Difference\<close>
instance multiset :: (type) comm_monoid_diff
by standard (transfer; simp add: fun_eq_iff)
lemma count_diff [simp]:
"count (M - N) a = count M a - count N a"
by (simp add: minus_multiset.rep_eq)
lemma add_mset_diff_bothsides:
\<open>add_mset a M - add_mset a A = M - A\<close>
by (auto simp: multiset_eq_iff)
lemma in_diff_count:
"a \<in># M - N \<longleftrightarrow> count N a < count M a"
by (simp add: set_mset_def)
lemma count_in_diffI:
assumes "\<And>n. count N x = n + count M x \<Longrightarrow> False"
shows "x \<in># M - N"
proof (rule ccontr)
assume "x \<notin># M - N"
then have "count N x = (count N x - count M x) + count M x"
by (simp add: in_diff_count not_less)
with assms show False by auto
qed
lemma in_diff_countE:
assumes "x \<in># M - N"
obtains n where "count M x = Suc n + count N x"
proof -
from assms have "count M x - count N x > 0" by (simp add: in_diff_count)
then have "count M x > count N x" by simp
then obtain n where "count M x = Suc n + count N x"
using less_iff_Suc_add by auto
with that show thesis .
qed
lemma in_diffD:
assumes "a \<in># M - N"
shows "a \<in># M"
proof -
have "0 \<le> count N a" by simp
also from assms have "count N a < count M a"
by (simp add: in_diff_count)
finally show ?thesis by simp
qed
lemma set_mset_diff:
"set_mset (M - N) = {a. count N a < count M a}"
by (simp add: set_mset_def)
lemma diff_empty [simp]: "M - {#} = M \<and> {#} - M = {#}"
by rule (fact Groups.diff_zero, fact Groups.zero_diff)
lemma diff_cancel: "A - A = {#}"
by (fact Groups.diff_cancel)
lemma diff_union_cancelR: "M + N - N = (M::'a multiset)"
by (fact add_diff_cancel_right')
lemma diff_union_cancelL: "N + M - N = (M::'a multiset)"
by (fact add_diff_cancel_left')
lemma diff_right_commute:
fixes M N Q :: "'a multiset"
shows "M - N - Q = M - Q - N"
by (fact diff_right_commute)
lemma diff_add:
fixes M N Q :: "'a multiset"
shows "M - (N + Q) = M - N - Q"
by (rule sym) (fact diff_diff_add)
lemma insert_DiffM [simp]: "x \<in># M \<Longrightarrow> add_mset x (M - {#x#}) = M"
by (clarsimp simp: multiset_eq_iff)
lemma insert_DiffM2: "x \<in># M \<Longrightarrow> (M - {#x#}) + {#x#} = M"
by simp
lemma diff_union_swap: "a \<noteq> b \<Longrightarrow> add_mset b (M - {#a#}) = add_mset b M - {#a#}"
by (auto simp add: multiset_eq_iff)
lemma diff_add_mset_swap [simp]: "b \<notin># A \<Longrightarrow> add_mset b M - A = add_mset b (M - A)"
by (auto simp add: multiset_eq_iff simp: not_in_iff)
lemma diff_union_swap2 [simp]: "y \<in># M \<Longrightarrow> add_mset x M - {#y#} = add_mset x (M - {#y#})"
by (metis add_mset_diff_bothsides diff_union_swap diff_zero insert_DiffM)
lemma diff_diff_add_mset [simp]: "(M::'a multiset) - N - P = M - (N + P)"
by (rule diff_diff_add)
lemma diff_union_single_conv:
"a \<in># J \<Longrightarrow> I + J - {#a#} = I + (J - {#a#})"
by (simp add: multiset_eq_iff Suc_le_eq)
lemma mset_add [elim?]:
assumes "a \<in># A"
obtains B where "A = add_mset a B"
proof -
from assms have "A = add_mset a (A - {#a#})"
by simp
with that show thesis .
qed
lemma union_iff:
"a \<in># A + B \<longleftrightarrow> a \<in># A \<or> a \<in># B"
by auto
subsubsection \<open>Equality of multisets\<close>
lemma single_eq_single [simp]: "{#a#} = {#b#} \<longleftrightarrow> a = b"
by (auto simp add: multiset_eq_iff)
lemma union_eq_empty [iff]: "M + N = {#} \<longleftrightarrow> M = {#} \<and> N = {#}"
by (auto simp add: multiset_eq_iff)
lemma empty_eq_union [iff]: "{#} = M + N \<longleftrightarrow> M = {#} \<and> N = {#}"
by (auto simp add: multiset_eq_iff)
lemma multi_self_add_other_not_self [simp]: "M = add_mset x M \<longleftrightarrow> False"
by (auto simp add: multiset_eq_iff)
lemma add_mset_remove_trivial [simp]: \<open>add_mset x M - {#x#} = M\<close>
by (auto simp: multiset_eq_iff)
lemma diff_single_trivial: "\<not> x \<in># M \<Longrightarrow> M - {#x#} = M"
by (auto simp add: multiset_eq_iff not_in_iff)
lemma diff_single_eq_union: "x \<in># M \<Longrightarrow> M - {#x#} = N \<longleftrightarrow> M = add_mset x N"
by auto
lemma union_single_eq_diff: "add_mset x M = N \<Longrightarrow> M = N - {#x#}"
unfolding add_mset_add_single[of _ M] by (fact add_implies_diff)
lemma union_single_eq_member: "add_mset x M = N \<Longrightarrow> x \<in># N"
by auto
lemma add_mset_remove_trivial_If:
"add_mset a (N - {#a#}) = (if a \<in># N then N else add_mset a N)"
by (simp add: diff_single_trivial)
lemma add_mset_remove_trivial_eq: \<open>N = add_mset a (N - {#a#}) \<longleftrightarrow> a \<in># N\<close>
by (auto simp: add_mset_remove_trivial_If)
lemma union_is_single:
"M + N = {#a#} \<longleftrightarrow> M = {#a#} \<and> N = {#} \<or> M = {#} \<and> N = {#a#}"
(is "?lhs = ?rhs")
proof
show ?lhs if ?rhs using that by auto
show ?rhs if ?lhs
by (metis Multiset.diff_cancel add.commute add_diff_cancel_left' diff_add_zero diff_single_trivial insert_DiffM that)
qed
lemma single_is_union: "{#a#} = M + N \<longleftrightarrow> {#a#} = M \<and> N = {#} \<or> M = {#} \<and> {#a#} = N"
by (auto simp add: eq_commute [of "{#a#}" "M + N"] union_is_single)
lemma add_eq_conv_diff:
"add_mset a M = add_mset b N \<longleftrightarrow> M = N \<and> a = b \<or> M = add_mset b (N - {#a#}) \<and> N = add_mset a (M - {#b#})"
(is "?lhs \<longleftrightarrow> ?rhs")
(* shorter: by (simp add: multiset_eq_iff) fastforce *)
proof
show ?lhs if ?rhs
using that
by (auto simp add: add_mset_commute[of a b])
show ?rhs if ?lhs
proof (cases "a = b")
case True with \<open>?lhs\<close> show ?thesis by simp
next
case False
from \<open>?lhs\<close> have "a \<in># add_mset b N" by (rule union_single_eq_member)
with False have "a \<in># N" by auto
moreover from \<open>?lhs\<close> have "M = add_mset b N - {#a#}" by (rule union_single_eq_diff)
moreover note False
ultimately show ?thesis by (auto simp add: diff_right_commute [of _ "{#a#}"])
qed
qed
lemma add_mset_eq_single [iff]: "add_mset b M = {#a#} \<longleftrightarrow> b = a \<and> M = {#}"
by (auto simp: add_eq_conv_diff)
lemma single_eq_add_mset [iff]: "{#a#} = add_mset b M \<longleftrightarrow> b = a \<and> M = {#}"
by (auto simp: add_eq_conv_diff)
lemma insert_noteq_member:
assumes BC: "add_mset b B = add_mset c C"
and bnotc: "b \<noteq> c"
shows "c \<in># B"
proof -
have "c \<in># add_mset c C" by simp
have nc: "\<not> c \<in># {#b#}" using bnotc by simp
then have "c \<in># add_mset b B" using BC by simp
then show "c \<in># B" using nc by simp
qed
lemma add_eq_conv_ex:
"(add_mset a M = add_mset b N) =
(M = N \<and> a = b \<or> (\<exists>K. M = add_mset b K \<and> N = add_mset a K))"
by (auto simp add: add_eq_conv_diff)
lemma multi_member_split: "x \<in># M \<Longrightarrow> \<exists>A. M = add_mset x A"
by (rule exI [where x = "M - {#x#}"]) simp
lemma multiset_add_sub_el_shuffle:
assumes "c \<in># B"
and "b \<noteq> c"
shows "add_mset b (B - {#c#}) = add_mset b B - {#c#}"
proof -
from \<open>c \<in># B\<close> obtain A where B: "B = add_mset c A"
by (blast dest: multi_member_split)
have "add_mset b A = add_mset c (add_mset b A) - {#c#}" by simp
then have "add_mset b A = add_mset b (add_mset c A) - {#c#}"
by (simp add: \<open>b \<noteq> c\<close>)
then show ?thesis using B by simp
qed
subsubsection \<open>Pointwise ordering induced by count\<close>
definition subseteq_mset :: "'a multiset \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> bool" (infix "\<subseteq>#" 50)
where "A \<subseteq># B = (\<forall>a. count A a \<le> count B a)"
definition subset_mset :: "'a multiset \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> bool" (infix "\<subset>#" 50)
where "A \<subset># B = (A \<subseteq># B \<and> A \<noteq> B)"
abbreviation (input) supseteq_mset :: "'a multiset \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> bool" (infix "\<supseteq>#" 50)
where "supseteq_mset A B \<equiv> B \<subseteq># A"
abbreviation (input) supset_mset :: "'a multiset \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> bool" (infix "\<supset>#" 50)
where "supset_mset A B \<equiv> B \<subset># A"
notation (input)
subseteq_mset (infix "\<le>#" 50) and
supseteq_mset (infix "\<ge>#" 50)
notation (ASCII)
subseteq_mset (infix "<=#" 50) and
subset_mset (infix "<#" 50) and
supseteq_mset (infix ">=#" 50) and
supset_mset (infix ">#" 50)
interpretation subset_mset: ordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le "op +" "op -" "op \<subseteq>#" "op \<subset>#"
by standard (auto simp add: subset_mset_def subseteq_mset_def multiset_eq_iff intro: order_trans antisym)
\<comment> \<open>FIXME: avoid junk stemming from type class interpretation\<close>
interpretation subset_mset: ordered_ab_semigroup_monoid_add_imp_le "op +" 0 "op -" "op \<le>#" "op <#"
by standard
lemma mset_subset_eqI:
"(\<And>a. count A a \<le> count B a) \<Longrightarrow> A \<subseteq># B"
by (simp add: subseteq_mset_def)
lemma mset_subset_eq_count:
"A \<subseteq># B \<Longrightarrow> count A a \<le> count B a"
by (simp add: subseteq_mset_def)
lemma mset_subset_eq_exists_conv: "(A::'a multiset) \<subseteq># B \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>C. B = A + C)"
unfolding subseteq_mset_def
apply (rule iffI)
apply (rule exI [where x = "B - A"])
apply (auto intro: multiset_eq_iff [THEN iffD2])
done
interpretation subset_mset: ordered_cancel_comm_monoid_diff "op +" 0 "op \<le>#" "op <#" "op -"
by standard (simp, fact mset_subset_eq_exists_conv)
lemma mset_subset_eq_mono_add_right_cancel: "(A::'a multiset) + C \<subseteq># B + C \<longleftrightarrow> A \<subseteq># B"
by (fact subset_mset.add_le_cancel_right)
lemma mset_subset_eq_mono_add_left_cancel: "C + (A::'a multiset) \<subseteq># C + B \<longleftrightarrow> A \<subseteq># B"
by (fact subset_mset.add_le_cancel_left)
lemma mset_subset_eq_mono_add: "(A::'a multiset) \<subseteq># B \<Longrightarrow> C \<subseteq># D \<Longrightarrow> A + C \<subseteq># B + D"
by (fact subset_mset.add_mono)
lemma mset_subset_eq_add_left: "(A::'a multiset) \<subseteq># A + B"
by simp
lemma mset_subset_eq_add_right: "B \<subseteq># (A::'a multiset) + B"
by simp
lemma single_subset_iff [simp]:
"{#a#} \<subseteq># M \<longleftrightarrow> a \<in># M"
by (auto simp add: subseteq_mset_def Suc_le_eq)
lemma mset_subset_eq_single: "a \<in># B \<Longrightarrow> {#a#} \<subseteq># B"
by (simp add: subseteq_mset_def Suc_le_eq)
lemma mset_subset_eq_add_mset_cancel: \<open>add_mset a A \<subseteq># add_mset a B \<longleftrightarrow> A \<subseteq># B\<close>
unfolding add_mset_add_single[of _ A] add_mset_add_single[of _ B]
by (rule mset_subset_eq_mono_add_right_cancel)
lemma multiset_diff_union_assoc:
fixes A B C D :: "'a multiset"
shows "C \<subseteq># B \<Longrightarrow> A + B - C = A + (B - C)"
by (fact subset_mset.diff_add_assoc)
lemma mset_subset_eq_multiset_union_diff_commute:
fixes A B C D :: "'a multiset"
shows "B \<subseteq># A \<Longrightarrow> A - B + C = A + C - B"
by (fact subset_mset.add_diff_assoc2)
lemma diff_subset_eq_self[simp]:
"(M::'a multiset) - N \<subseteq># M"
by (simp add: subseteq_mset_def)
lemma mset_subset_eqD:
assumes "A \<subseteq># B" and "x \<in># A"
shows "x \<in># B"
proof -
from \<open>x \<in># A\<close> have "count A x > 0" by simp
also from \<open>A \<subseteq># B\<close> have "count A x \<le> count B x"
by (simp add: subseteq_mset_def)
finally show ?thesis by simp
qed
lemma mset_subsetD:
"A \<subset># B \<Longrightarrow> x \<in># A \<Longrightarrow> x \<in># B"
by (auto intro: mset_subset_eqD [of A])
lemma set_mset_mono:
"A \<subseteq># B \<Longrightarrow> set_mset A \<subseteq> set_mset B"
by (metis mset_subset_eqD subsetI)
lemma mset_subset_eq_insertD:
"add_mset x A \<subseteq># B \<Longrightarrow> x \<in># B \<and> A \<subset># B"
apply (rule conjI)
apply (simp add: mset_subset_eqD)
apply (clarsimp simp: subset_mset_def subseteq_mset_def)
apply safe
apply (erule_tac x = a in allE)
apply (auto split: if_split_asm)
done
lemma mset_subset_insertD:
"add_mset x A \<subset># B \<Longrightarrow> x \<in># B \<and> A \<subset># B"
by (rule mset_subset_eq_insertD) simp
lemma mset_subset_of_empty[simp]: "A \<subset># {#} \<longleftrightarrow> False"
by (auto simp add: subseteq_mset_def subset_mset_def multiset_eq_iff)
lemma empty_le [simp]: "{#} \<subseteq># A"
unfolding mset_subset_eq_exists_conv by auto
lemma insert_subset_eq_iff:
"add_mset a A \<subseteq># B \<longleftrightarrow> a \<in># B \<and> A \<subseteq># B - {#a#}"
using le_diff_conv2 [of "Suc 0" "count B a" "count A a"]
apply (auto simp add: subseteq_mset_def not_in_iff Suc_le_eq)
apply (rule ccontr)
apply (auto simp add: not_in_iff)
done
lemma insert_union_subset_iff:
"add_mset a A \<subset># B \<longleftrightarrow> a \<in># B \<and> A \<subset># B - {#a#}"
by (auto simp add: insert_subset_eq_iff subset_mset_def)
lemma subset_eq_diff_conv:
"A - C \<subseteq># B \<longleftrightarrow> A \<subseteq># B + C"
by (simp add: subseteq_mset_def le_diff_conv)
lemma subset_eq_empty: "M \<subseteq># {#} \<longleftrightarrow> M = {#}"
by auto
lemma multi_psub_of_add_self [simp]: "A \<subset># add_mset x A"
by (auto simp: subset_mset_def subseteq_mset_def)
lemma multi_psub_self[simp]: "(A::'a multiset) \<subset># A = False"
by simp
lemma mset_subset_add_mset [simp]: "add_mset x N \<subset># add_mset x M \<longleftrightarrow> N \<subset># M"
unfolding add_mset_add_single[of _ N] add_mset_add_single[of _ M]
by (fact subset_mset.add_less_cancel_right)
lemma mset_subset_empty_nonempty: "{#} \<subset># S \<longleftrightarrow> S \<noteq> {#}"
by (fact subset_mset.zero_less_iff_neq_zero)
lemma mset_subset_diff_self: "c \<in># B \<Longrightarrow> B - {#c#} \<subset># B"
by (auto simp: subset_mset_def elim: mset_add)
subsubsection \<open>Intersection\<close>
definition inf_subset_mset :: "'a multiset \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset" (infixl "#\<inter>" 70) where
multiset_inter_def: "inf_subset_mset A B = A - (A - B)"
interpretation subset_mset: semilattice_inf inf_subset_mset "op \<subseteq>#" "op \<subset>#"
proof -
have [simp]: "m \<le> n \<Longrightarrow> m \<le> q \<Longrightarrow> m \<le> n - (n - q)" for m n q :: nat
by arith
show "class.semilattice_inf op #\<inter> op \<subseteq># op \<subset>#"
by standard (auto simp add: multiset_inter_def subseteq_mset_def)
qed
\<comment> \<open>FIXME: avoid junk stemming from type class interpretation\<close>
lemma multiset_inter_count [simp]:
fixes A B :: "'a multiset"
shows "count (A #\<inter> B) x = min (count A x) (count B x)"
by (simp add: multiset_inter_def)
lemma set_mset_inter [simp]:
"set_mset (A #\<inter> B) = set_mset A \<inter> set_mset B"
by (simp only: set_eq_iff count_greater_zero_iff [symmetric] multiset_inter_count) simp
lemma diff_intersect_left_idem [simp]:
"M - M #\<inter> N = M - N"
by (simp add: multiset_eq_iff min_def)
lemma diff_intersect_right_idem [simp]:
"M - N #\<inter> M = M - N"
by (simp add: multiset_eq_iff min_def)
lemma multiset_inter_single: "a \<noteq> b \<Longrightarrow> {#a#} #\<inter> {#b#} = {#}"
by (rule multiset_eqI) auto
lemma multiset_union_diff_commute:
assumes "B #\<inter> C = {#}"
shows "A + B - C = A - C + B"
proof (rule multiset_eqI)
fix x
from assms have "min (count B x) (count C x) = 0"
by (auto simp add: multiset_eq_iff)
then have "count B x = 0 \<or> count C x = 0"
unfolding min_def by (auto split: if_splits)
then show "count (A + B - C) x = count (A - C + B) x"
by auto
qed
lemma disjunct_not_in:
"A #\<inter> B = {#} \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>a. a \<notin># A \<or> a \<notin># B)" (is "?P \<longleftrightarrow> ?Q")
proof
assume ?P
show ?Q
proof
fix a
from \<open>?P\<close> have "min (count A a) (count B a) = 0"
by (simp add: multiset_eq_iff)
then have "count A a = 0 \<or> count B a = 0"
by (cases "count A a \<le> count B a") (simp_all add: min_def)
then show "a \<notin># A \<or> a \<notin># B"
by (simp add: not_in_iff)
qed
next
assume ?Q
show ?P
proof (rule multiset_eqI)
fix a
from \<open>?Q\<close> have "count A a = 0 \<or> count B a = 0"
by (auto simp add: not_in_iff)
then show "count (A #\<inter> B) a = count {#} a"
by auto
qed
qed
lemma add_mset_inter_add_mset:
"add_mset a A #\<inter> add_mset a B = add_mset a (A #\<inter> B)"
by (metis add_mset_add_single add_mset_diff_bothsides diff_subset_eq_self multiset_inter_def
subset_mset.diff_add_assoc2)
lemma add_mset_disjoint [simp]:
"add_mset a A #\<inter> B = {#} \<longleftrightarrow> a \<notin># B \<and> A #\<inter> B = {#}"
"{#} = add_mset a A #\<inter> B \<longleftrightarrow> a \<notin># B \<and> {#} = A #\<inter> B"
by (auto simp: disjunct_not_in)
lemma disjoint_add_mset [simp]:
"B #\<inter> add_mset a A = {#} \<longleftrightarrow> a \<notin># B \<and> B #\<inter> A = {#}"
"{#} = A #\<inter> add_mset b B \<longleftrightarrow> b \<notin># A \<and> {#} = A #\<inter> B"
by (auto simp: disjunct_not_in)
lemma empty_inter [simp]: "{#} #\<inter> M = {#}"
by (simp add: multiset_eq_iff)
lemma inter_empty [simp]: "M #\<inter> {#} = {#}"
by (simp add: multiset_eq_iff)
lemma inter_add_left1: "\<not> x \<in># N \<Longrightarrow> (add_mset x M) #\<inter> N = M #\<inter> N"
by (simp add: multiset_eq_iff not_in_iff)
lemma inter_add_left2: "x \<in># N \<Longrightarrow> (add_mset x M) #\<inter> N = add_mset x (M #\<inter> (N - {#x#}))"
by (auto simp add: multiset_eq_iff elim: mset_add)
lemma inter_add_right1: "\<not> x \<in># N \<Longrightarrow> N #\<inter> (add_mset x M) = N #\<inter> M"
by (simp add: multiset_eq_iff not_in_iff)
lemma inter_add_right2: "x \<in># N \<Longrightarrow> N #\<inter> (add_mset x M) = add_mset x ((N - {#x#}) #\<inter> M)"
by (auto simp add: multiset_eq_iff elim: mset_add)
lemma disjunct_set_mset_diff:
assumes "M #\<inter> N = {#}"
shows "set_mset (M - N) = set_mset M"
proof (rule set_eqI)
fix a
from assms have "a \<notin># M \<or> a \<notin># N"
by (simp add: disjunct_not_in)
then show "a \<in># M - N \<longleftrightarrow> a \<in># M"
by (auto dest: in_diffD) (simp add: in_diff_count not_in_iff)
qed
lemma at_most_one_mset_mset_diff:
assumes "a \<notin># M - {#a#}"
shows "set_mset (M - {#a#}) = set_mset M - {a}"
using assms by (auto simp add: not_in_iff in_diff_count set_eq_iff)
lemma more_than_one_mset_mset_diff:
assumes "a \<in># M - {#a#}"
shows "set_mset (M - {#a#}) = set_mset M"
proof (rule set_eqI)
fix b
have "Suc 0 < count M b \<Longrightarrow> count M b > 0" by arith
then show "b \<in># M - {#a#} \<longleftrightarrow> b \<in># M"
using assms by (auto simp add: in_diff_count)
qed
lemma inter_iff:
"a \<in># A #\<inter> B \<longleftrightarrow> a \<in># A \<and> a \<in># B"
by simp
lemma inter_union_distrib_left:
"A #\<inter> B + C = (A + C) #\<inter> (B + C)"
by (simp add: multiset_eq_iff min_add_distrib_left)
lemma inter_union_distrib_right:
"C + A #\<inter> B = (C + A) #\<inter> (C + B)"
using inter_union_distrib_left [of A B C] by (simp add: ac_simps)
lemma inter_subset_eq_union:
"A #\<inter> B \<subseteq># A + B"
by (auto simp add: subseteq_mset_def)
subsubsection \<open>Bounded union\<close>
definition sup_subset_mset :: "'a multiset \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset"(infixl "#\<union>" 70)
where "sup_subset_mset A B = A + (B - A)" \<comment> \<open>FIXME irregular fact name\<close>
interpretation subset_mset: semilattice_sup sup_subset_mset "op \<subseteq>#" "op \<subset>#"
proof -
have [simp]: "m \<le> n \<Longrightarrow> q \<le> n \<Longrightarrow> m + (q - m) \<le> n" for m n q :: nat
by arith
show "class.semilattice_sup op #\<union> op \<subseteq># op \<subset>#"
by standard (auto simp add: sup_subset_mset_def subseteq_mset_def)
qed
\<comment> \<open>FIXME: avoid junk stemming from type class interpretation\<close>
lemma sup_subset_mset_count [simp]: \<comment> \<open>FIXME irregular fact name\<close>
"count (A #\<union> B) x = max (count A x) (count B x)"
by (simp add: sup_subset_mset_def)
lemma set_mset_sup [simp]:
"set_mset (A #\<union> B) = set_mset A \<union> set_mset B"
by (simp only: set_eq_iff count_greater_zero_iff [symmetric] sup_subset_mset_count)
(auto simp add: not_in_iff elim: mset_add)
lemma empty_sup [simp]: "{#} #\<union> M = M"
by (simp add: multiset_eq_iff)
lemma sup_empty [simp]: "M #\<union> {#} = M"
by (simp add: multiset_eq_iff)
lemma sup_union_left1 [simp]: "\<not> x \<in># N \<Longrightarrow> (add_mset x M) #\<union> N = add_mset x (M #\<union> N)"
by (simp add: multiset_eq_iff not_in_iff)
lemma sup_union_left2: "x \<in># N \<Longrightarrow> (add_mset x M) #\<union> N = add_mset x (M #\<union> (N - {#x#}))"
by (simp add: multiset_eq_iff)
lemma sup_union_right1 [simp]: "\<not> x \<in># N \<Longrightarrow> N #\<union> (add_mset x M) = add_mset x (N #\<union> M)"
by (simp add: multiset_eq_iff not_in_iff)
lemma sup_union_right2: "x \<in># N \<Longrightarrow> N #\<union> (add_mset x M) = add_mset x ((N - {#x#}) #\<union> M)"
by (simp add: multiset_eq_iff)
lemma sup_union_distrib_left:
"A #\<union> B + C = (A + C) #\<union> (B + C)"
by (simp add: multiset_eq_iff max_add_distrib_left)
lemma union_sup_distrib_right:
"C + A #\<union> B = (C + A) #\<union> (C + B)"
using sup_union_distrib_left [of A B C] by (simp add: ac_simps)
lemma union_diff_inter_eq_sup:
"A + B - A #\<inter> B = A #\<union> B"
by (auto simp add: multiset_eq_iff)
lemma union_diff_sup_eq_inter:
"A + B - A #\<union> B = A #\<inter> B"
by (auto simp add: multiset_eq_iff)
lemma add_mset_union:
\<open>add_mset a A #\<union> add_mset a B = add_mset a (A #\<union> B)\<close>
by (auto simp: multiset_eq_iff max_def)
subsubsection \<open>Subset is an order\<close>
interpretation subset_mset: order "op \<le>#" "op <#" by unfold_locales auto
subsubsection \<open>Simprocs\<close>
fun repeat_mset :: "nat \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset" where
"repeat_mset 0 _ = {#}" |
"repeat_mset (Suc n) A = A + repeat_mset n A"
lemma count_repeat_mset [simp]: "count (repeat_mset i A) a = i * count A a"
by (induction i) auto
lemma repeat_mset_right [simp]: "repeat_mset a (repeat_mset b A) = repeat_mset (a * b) A"
by (auto simp: multiset_eq_iff left_diff_distrib')
lemma left_diff_repeat_mset_distrib': \<open>repeat_mset (i - j) u = repeat_mset i u - repeat_mset j u\<close>
by (auto simp: multiset_eq_iff left_diff_distrib')
lemma mset_diff_add_eq1:
"j \<le> (i::nat) \<Longrightarrow> ((repeat_mset i u + m) - (repeat_mset j u + n)) = ((repeat_mset (i-j) u + m) - n)"
by (auto simp: multiset_eq_iff nat_diff_add_eq1)
lemma mset_diff_add_eq2:
"i \<le> (j::nat) \<Longrightarrow> ((repeat_mset i u + m) - (repeat_mset j u + n)) = (m - (repeat_mset (j-i) u + n))"
by (auto simp: multiset_eq_iff nat_diff_add_eq2)
lemma mset_eq_add_iff1:
"j \<le> (i::nat) \<Longrightarrow> (repeat_mset i u + m = repeat_mset j u + n) = (repeat_mset (i-j) u + m = n)"
by (auto simp: multiset_eq_iff nat_eq_add_iff1)
lemma mset_eq_add_iff2:
"i \<le> (j::nat) \<Longrightarrow> (repeat_mset i u + m = repeat_mset j u + n) = (m = repeat_mset (j-i) u + n)"
by (auto simp: multiset_eq_iff nat_eq_add_iff2)
lemma mset_subseteq_add_iff1:
"j \<le> (i::nat) \<Longrightarrow> (repeat_mset i u + m \<subseteq># repeat_mset j u + n) = (repeat_mset (i-j) u + m \<subseteq># n)"
by (auto simp add: subseteq_mset_def nat_le_add_iff1)
lemma mset_subseteq_add_iff2:
"i \<le> (j::nat) \<Longrightarrow> (repeat_mset i u + m \<subseteq># repeat_mset j u + n) = (m \<subseteq># repeat_mset (j-i) u + n)"
by (auto simp add: subseteq_mset_def nat_le_add_iff2)
lemma mset_subset_add_iff1:
"j \<le> (i::nat) \<Longrightarrow> (repeat_mset i u + m \<subset># repeat_mset j u + n) = (repeat_mset (i-j) u + m \<subset># n)"
unfolding subset_mset_def by (simp add: mset_eq_add_iff1 mset_subseteq_add_iff1)
lemma mset_subset_add_iff2:
"i \<le> (j::nat) \<Longrightarrow> (repeat_mset i u + m \<subset># repeat_mset j u + n) = (m \<subset># repeat_mset (j-i) u + n)"
unfolding subset_mset_def by (simp add: mset_eq_add_iff2 mset_subseteq_add_iff2)
lemma left_add_mult_distrib_mset:
"repeat_mset i u + (repeat_mset j u + k) = repeat_mset (i+j) u + k"
by (auto simp: multiset_eq_iff add_mult_distrib)
lemma repeat_mset_cancel1: "repeat_mset a A = repeat_mset a B \<longleftrightarrow> A = B \<or> a = 0"
by (auto simp: multiset_eq_iff)
lemma repeat_mset_cancel2: "repeat_mset a A = repeat_mset b A \<longleftrightarrow> a = b \<or> A = {#}"
by (auto simp: multiset_eq_iff)
lemma repeat_mset_distrib [simp]:
"repeat_mset n (A + B) = repeat_mset n A + repeat_mset n B"
by (auto simp: multiset_eq_iff add_mult_distrib2)
lemma repeat_mset_distrib_add_mset [simp]:
"repeat_mset n (add_mset a A) = repeat_mset n {#a#} + repeat_mset n A"
by (auto simp: multiset_eq_iff)
ML_file "multiset_simprocs_util.ML"
ML_file "multiset_simprocs.ML"
simproc_setup mseteq_cancel_numerals
("(l::'a multiset) + m = n" | "(l::'a multiset) = m + n" |
"add_mset a m = n" | "m = add_mset a n") =
\<open>fn phi => Multiset_Simprocs.eq_cancel_msets\<close>
simproc_setup msetless_cancel_numerals
("(l::'a multiset) + m \<subset># n" | "(l::'a multiset) \<subset># m + n" |
"add_mset a m \<subset># n" | "m \<subset># add_mset a n") =
\<open>fn phi => Multiset_Simprocs.subset_cancel_msets\<close>
simproc_setup msetle_cancel_numerals
("(l::'a multiset) + m \<subseteq># n" | "(l::'a multiset) \<subseteq># m + n" |
"add_mset a m \<subseteq># n" | "m \<subseteq># add_mset a n") =
\<open>fn phi => Multiset_Simprocs.subseteq_cancel_msets\<close>
simproc_setup msetdiff_cancel_numerals
("((l::'a multiset) + m) - n" | "(l::'a multiset) - (m + n)" |
"add_mset a m - n" | "m - add_mset a n") =
\<open>fn phi => Multiset_Simprocs.diff_cancel_msets\<close>
subsubsection \<open>Conditionally complete lattice\<close>
instantiation multiset :: (type) Inf
begin
lift_definition Inf_multiset :: "'a multiset set \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset" is
"\<lambda>A i. if A = {} then 0 else Inf ((\<lambda>f. f i) ` A)"
proof -
fix A :: "('a \<Rightarrow> nat) set" assume *: "\<And>x. x \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> x \<in> multiset"
have "finite {i. (if A = {} then 0 else Inf ((\<lambda>f. f i) ` A)) > 0}" unfolding multiset_def
proof (cases "A = {}")
case False
then obtain f where "f \<in> A" by blast
hence "{i. Inf ((\<lambda>f. f i) ` A) > 0} \<subseteq> {i. f i > 0}"
by (auto intro: less_le_trans[OF _ cInf_lower])
moreover from \<open>f \<in> A\<close> * have "finite \<dots>" by (simp add: multiset_def)
ultimately have "finite {i. Inf ((\<lambda>f. f i) ` A) > 0}" by (rule finite_subset)
with False show ?thesis by simp
qed simp_all
thus "(\<lambda>i. if A = {} then 0 else INF f:A. f i) \<in> multiset" by (simp add: multiset_def)
qed
instance ..
end
lemma Inf_multiset_empty: "Inf {} = {#}"
by transfer simp_all
lemma count_Inf_multiset_nonempty: "A \<noteq> {} \<Longrightarrow> count (Inf A) x = Inf ((\<lambda>X. count X x) ` A)"
by transfer simp_all
instantiation multiset :: (type) Sup
begin
definition Sup_multiset :: "'a multiset set \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset" where
"Sup_multiset A = (if A \<noteq> {} \<and> subset_mset.bdd_above A then
Abs_multiset (\<lambda>i. Sup ((\<lambda>X. count X i) ` A)) else {#})"
lemma Sup_multiset_empty: "Sup {} = {#}"
by (simp add: Sup_multiset_def)
lemma Sup_multiset_unbounded: "\<not>subset_mset.bdd_above A \<Longrightarrow> Sup A = {#}"
by (simp add: Sup_multiset_def)
instance ..
end
lemma bdd_below_multiset [simp]: "subset_mset.bdd_below A"
by (intro subset_mset.bdd_belowI[of _ "{#}"]) simp_all
lemma bdd_above_multiset_imp_bdd_above_count:
assumes "subset_mset.bdd_above (A :: 'a multiset set)"
shows "bdd_above ((\<lambda>X. count X x) ` A)"
proof -
from assms obtain Y where Y: "\<forall>X\<in>A. X \<subseteq># Y"
by (auto simp: subset_mset.bdd_above_def)
hence "count X x \<le> count Y x" if "X \<in> A" for X
using that by (auto intro: mset_subset_eq_count)
thus ?thesis by (intro bdd_aboveI[of _ "count Y x"]) auto
qed
lemma bdd_above_multiset_imp_finite_support:
assumes "A \<noteq> {}" "subset_mset.bdd_above (A :: 'a multiset set)"
shows "finite (\<Union>X\<in>A. {x. count X x > 0})"
proof -
from assms obtain Y where Y: "\<forall>X\<in>A. X \<subseteq># Y"
by (auto simp: subset_mset.bdd_above_def)
hence "count X x \<le> count Y x" if "X \<in> A" for X x
using that by (auto intro: mset_subset_eq_count)
hence "(\<Union>X\<in>A. {x. count X x > 0}) \<subseteq> {x. count Y x > 0}"
by safe (erule less_le_trans)
moreover have "finite \<dots>" by simp
ultimately show ?thesis by (rule finite_subset)
qed
lemma Sup_multiset_in_multiset:
assumes "A \<noteq> {}" "subset_mset.bdd_above A"
shows "(\<lambda>i. SUP X:A. count X i) \<in> multiset"
unfolding multiset_def
proof
have "{i. Sup ((\<lambda>X. count X i) ` A) > 0} \<subseteq> (\<Union>X\<in>A. {i. 0 < count X i})"
proof safe
fix i assume pos: "(SUP X:A. count X i) > 0"
show "i \<in> (\<Union>X\<in>A. {i. 0 < count X i})"
proof (rule ccontr)
assume "i \<notin> (\<Union>X\<in>A. {i. 0 < count X i})"
hence "\<forall>X\<in>A. count X i \<le> 0" by (auto simp: count_eq_zero_iff)
with assms have "(SUP X:A. count X i) \<le> 0"
by (intro cSup_least bdd_above_multiset_imp_bdd_above_count) auto
with pos show False by simp
qed
qed
moreover from assms have "finite \<dots>" by (rule bdd_above_multiset_imp_finite_support)
ultimately show "finite {i. Sup ((\<lambda>X. count X i) ` A) > 0}" by (rule finite_subset)
qed
lemma count_Sup_multiset_nonempty:
assumes "A \<noteq> {}" "subset_mset.bdd_above A"
shows "count (Sup A) x = (SUP X:A. count X x)"
using assms by (simp add: Sup_multiset_def Abs_multiset_inverse Sup_multiset_in_multiset)
interpretation subset_mset: conditionally_complete_lattice Inf Sup "op #\<inter>" "op \<subseteq>#" "op \<subset>#" "op #\<union>"
proof
fix X :: "'a multiset" and A
assume "X \<in> A"
show "Inf A \<subseteq># X"
proof (rule mset_subset_eqI)
fix x
from \<open>X \<in> A\<close> have "A \<noteq> {}" by auto
hence "count (Inf A) x = (INF X:A. count X x)"
by (simp add: count_Inf_multiset_nonempty)
also from \<open>X \<in> A\<close> have "\<dots> \<le> count X x"
by (intro cInf_lower) simp_all
finally show "count (Inf A) x \<le> count X x" .
qed
next
fix X :: "'a multiset" and A
assume nonempty: "A \<noteq> {}" and le: "\<And>Y. Y \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> X \<subseteq># Y"
show "X \<subseteq># Inf A"
proof (rule mset_subset_eqI)
fix x
from nonempty have "count X x \<le> (INF X:A. count X x)"
by (intro cInf_greatest) (auto intro: mset_subset_eq_count le)
also from nonempty have "\<dots> = count (Inf A) x" by (simp add: count_Inf_multiset_nonempty)
finally show "count X x \<le> count (Inf A) x" .
qed
next
fix X :: "'a multiset" and A
assume X: "X \<in> A" and bdd: "subset_mset.bdd_above A"
show "X \<subseteq># Sup A"
proof (rule mset_subset_eqI)
fix x
from X have "A \<noteq> {}" by auto
have "count X x \<le> (SUP X:A. count X x)"
by (intro cSUP_upper X bdd_above_multiset_imp_bdd_above_count bdd)
also from count_Sup_multiset_nonempty[OF \<open>A \<noteq> {}\<close> bdd]
have "(SUP X:A. count X x) = count (Sup A) x" by simp
finally show "count X x \<le> count (Sup A) x" .
qed
next
fix X :: "'a multiset" and A
assume nonempty: "A \<noteq> {}" and ge: "\<And>Y. Y \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> Y \<subseteq># X"
from ge have bdd: "subset_mset.bdd_above A" by (rule subset_mset.bdd_aboveI[of _ X])
show "Sup A \<subseteq># X"
proof (rule mset_subset_eqI)
fix x
from count_Sup_multiset_nonempty[OF \<open>A \<noteq> {}\<close> bdd]
have "count (Sup A) x = (SUP X:A. count X x)" .
also from nonempty have "\<dots> \<le> count X x"
by (intro cSup_least) (auto intro: mset_subset_eq_count ge)
finally show "count (Sup A) x \<le> count X x" .
qed
qed
lemma set_mset_Inf:
assumes "A \<noteq> {}"
shows "set_mset (Inf A) = (\<Inter>X\<in>A. set_mset X)"
proof safe
fix x X assume "x \<in># Inf A" "X \<in> A"
hence nonempty: "A \<noteq> {}" by (auto simp: Inf_multiset_empty)
from \<open>x \<in># Inf A\<close> have "{#x#} \<subseteq># Inf A" by auto
also from \<open>X \<in> A\<close> have "\<dots> \<subseteq># X" by (rule subset_mset.cInf_lower) simp_all
finally show "x \<in># X" by simp
next
fix x assume x: "x \<in> (\<Inter>X\<in>A. set_mset X)"
hence "{#x#} \<subseteq># X" if "X \<in> A" for X using that by auto
from assms and this have "{#x#} \<subseteq># Inf A" by (rule subset_mset.cInf_greatest)
thus "x \<in># Inf A" by simp
qed
lemma in_Inf_multiset_iff:
assumes "A \<noteq> {}"
shows "x \<in># Inf A \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>X\<in>A. x \<in># X)"
proof -
from assms have "set_mset (Inf A) = (\<Inter>X\<in>A. set_mset X)" by (rule set_mset_Inf)
also have "x \<in> \<dots> \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>X\<in>A. x \<in># X)" by simp
finally show ?thesis .
qed
lemma in_Inf_multisetD: "x \<in># Inf A \<Longrightarrow> X \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> x \<in># X"
by (subst (asm) in_Inf_multiset_iff) auto
lemma set_mset_Sup:
assumes "subset_mset.bdd_above A"
shows "set_mset (Sup A) = (\<Union>X\<in>A. set_mset X)"
proof safe
fix x assume "x \<in># Sup A"
hence nonempty: "A \<noteq> {}" by (auto simp: Sup_multiset_empty)
show "x \<in> (\<Union>X\<in>A. set_mset X)"
proof (rule ccontr)
assume x: "x \<notin> (\<Union>X\<in>A. set_mset X)"
have "count X x \<le> count (Sup A) x" if "X \<in> A" for X x
using that by (intro mset_subset_eq_count subset_mset.cSup_upper assms)
with x have "X \<subseteq># Sup A - {#x#}" if "X \<in> A" for X
using that by (auto simp: subseteq_mset_def algebra_simps not_in_iff)
hence "Sup A \<subseteq># Sup A - {#x#}" by (intro subset_mset.cSup_least nonempty)
with \<open>x \<in># Sup A\<close> show False
by (auto simp: subseteq_mset_def count_greater_zero_iff [symmetric]
simp del: count_greater_zero_iff dest!: spec[of _ x])
qed
next
fix x X assume "x \<in> set_mset X" "X \<in> A"
hence "{#x#} \<subseteq># X" by auto
also have "X \<subseteq># Sup A" by (intro subset_mset.cSup_upper \<open>X \<in> A\<close> assms)
finally show "x \<in> set_mset (Sup A)" by simp
qed
lemma in_Sup_multiset_iff:
assumes "subset_mset.bdd_above A"
shows "x \<in># Sup A \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>X\<in>A. x \<in># X)"
proof -
from assms have "set_mset (Sup A) = (\<Union>X\<in>A. set_mset X)" by (rule set_mset_Sup)
also have "x \<in> \<dots> \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>X\<in>A. x \<in># X)" by simp
finally show ?thesis .
qed
lemma in_Sup_multisetD:
assumes "x \<in># Sup A"
shows "\<exists>X\<in>A. x \<in># X"
proof -
have "subset_mset.bdd_above A"
by (rule ccontr) (insert assms, simp_all add: Sup_multiset_unbounded)
with assms show ?thesis by (simp add: in_Sup_multiset_iff)
qed
interpretation subset_mset: distrib_lattice "op #\<inter>" "op \<subseteq>#" "op \<subset>#" "op #\<union>"
proof
fix A B C :: "'a multiset"
show "A #\<union> (B #\<inter> C) = A #\<union> B #\<inter> (A #\<union> C)"
by (intro multiset_eqI) simp_all
qed
subsubsection \<open>Filter (with comprehension syntax)\<close>
text \<open>Multiset comprehension\<close>
lift_definition filter_mset :: "('a \<Rightarrow> bool) \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset"
is "\<lambda>P M. \<lambda>x. if P x then M x else 0"
by (rule filter_preserves_multiset)
syntax (ASCII)
"_MCollect" :: "pttrn \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> bool \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset" ("(1{#_ :# _./ _#})")
syntax
"_MCollect" :: "pttrn \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> bool \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset" ("(1{#_ \<in># _./ _#})")
translations
"{#x \<in># M. P#}" == "CONST filter_mset (\<lambda>x. P) M"
lemma count_filter_mset [simp]:
"count (filter_mset P M) a = (if P a then count M a else 0)"
by (simp add: filter_mset.rep_eq)
lemma set_mset_filter [simp]:
"set_mset (filter_mset P M) = {a \<in> set_mset M. P a}"
by (simp only: set_eq_iff count_greater_zero_iff [symmetric] count_filter_mset) simp
lemma filter_empty_mset [simp]: "filter_mset P {#} = {#}"
by (rule multiset_eqI) simp
lemma filter_single_mset: "filter_mset P {#x#} = (if P x then {#x#} else {#})"
by (rule multiset_eqI) simp
lemma filter_union_mset [simp]: "filter_mset P (M + N) = filter_mset P M + filter_mset P N"
by (rule multiset_eqI) simp
lemma filter_diff_mset [simp]: "filter_mset P (M - N) = filter_mset P M - filter_mset P N"
by (rule multiset_eqI) simp
lemma filter_inter_mset [simp]: "filter_mset P (M #\<inter> N) = filter_mset P M #\<inter> filter_mset P N"
by (rule multiset_eqI) simp
lemma filter_mset_add_mset [simp]:
"filter_mset P (add_mset x A) =
(if P x then add_mset x (filter_mset P A) else (filter_mset P A))"
by (auto simp: multiset_eq_iff)
lemma multiset_filter_subset[simp]: "filter_mset f M \<subseteq># M"
by (simp add: mset_subset_eqI)
lemma multiset_filter_mono:
assumes "A \<subseteq># B"
shows "filter_mset f A \<subseteq># filter_mset f B"
proof -
from assms[unfolded mset_subset_eq_exists_conv]
obtain C where B: "B = A + C" by auto
show ?thesis unfolding B by auto
qed
lemma filter_mset_eq_conv:
"filter_mset P M = N \<longleftrightarrow> N \<subseteq># M \<and> (\<forall>b\<in>#N. P b) \<and> (\<forall>a\<in>#M - N. \<not> P a)" (is "?P \<longleftrightarrow> ?Q")
proof
assume ?P then show ?Q by auto (simp add: multiset_eq_iff in_diff_count)
next
assume ?Q
then obtain Q where M: "M = N + Q"
by (auto simp add: mset_subset_eq_exists_conv)
then have MN: "M - N = Q" by simp
show ?P
proof (rule multiset_eqI)
fix a
from \<open>?Q\<close> MN have *: "\<not> P a \<Longrightarrow> a \<notin># N" "P a \<Longrightarrow> a \<notin># Q"
by auto
show "count (filter_mset P M) a = count N a"
proof (cases "a \<in># M")
case True
with * show ?thesis
by (simp add: not_in_iff M)
next
case False then have "count M a = 0"
by (simp add: not_in_iff)
with M show ?thesis by simp
qed
qed
qed
subsubsection \<open>Size\<close>
definition wcount where "wcount f M = (\<lambda>x. count M x * Suc (f x))"
lemma wcount_union: "wcount f (M + N) a = wcount f M a + wcount f N a"
by (auto simp: wcount_def add_mult_distrib)
lemma wcount_add_mset:
"wcount f (add_mset x M) a = (if x = a then Suc (f a) else 0) + wcount f M a"
unfolding add_mset_add_single[of _ M] wcount_union by (auto simp: wcount_def)
definition size_multiset :: "('a \<Rightarrow> nat) \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> nat" where
"size_multiset f M = setsum (wcount f M) (set_mset M)"
lemmas size_multiset_eq = size_multiset_def[unfolded wcount_def]
instantiation multiset :: (type) size
begin
definition size_multiset where
size_multiset_overloaded_def: "size_multiset = Multiset.size_multiset (\<lambda>_. 0)"
instance ..
end
lemmas size_multiset_overloaded_eq =
size_multiset_overloaded_def[THEN fun_cong, unfolded size_multiset_eq, simplified]
lemma size_multiset_empty [simp]: "size_multiset f {#} = 0"
by (simp add: size_multiset_def)
lemma size_empty [simp]: "size {#} = 0"
by (simp add: size_multiset_overloaded_def)
lemma size_multiset_single : "size_multiset f {#b#} = Suc (f b)"
by (simp add: size_multiset_eq)
lemma size_single: "size {#b#} = 1"
by (simp add: size_multiset_overloaded_def size_multiset_single)
lemma setsum_wcount_Int:
"finite A \<Longrightarrow> setsum (wcount f N) (A \<inter> set_mset N) = setsum (wcount f N) A"
by (induct rule: finite_induct)
(simp_all add: Int_insert_left wcount_def count_eq_zero_iff)
lemma size_multiset_union [simp]:
"size_multiset f (M + N::'a multiset) = size_multiset f M + size_multiset f N"
apply (simp add: size_multiset_def setsum_Un_nat setsum.distrib setsum_wcount_Int wcount_union)
apply (subst Int_commute)
apply (simp add: setsum_wcount_Int)
done
lemma size_multiset_add_mset [simp]:
"size_multiset f (add_mset a M) = Suc (f a) + size_multiset f M"
unfolding add_mset_add_single[of _ M] size_multiset_union by (auto simp: size_multiset_single)
lemma size_add_mset [simp]: "size (add_mset a A) = Suc (size A)"
by (simp add: size_multiset_overloaded_def wcount_add_mset)
lemma size_union [simp]: "size (M + N::'a multiset) = size M + size N"
by (auto simp add: size_multiset_overloaded_def)
lemma size_multiset_eq_0_iff_empty [iff]:
"size_multiset f M = 0 \<longleftrightarrow> M = {#}"
by (auto simp add: size_multiset_eq count_eq_zero_iff)
lemma size_eq_0_iff_empty [iff]: "(size M = 0) = (M = {#})"
by (auto simp add: size_multiset_overloaded_def)
lemma nonempty_has_size: "(S \<noteq> {#}) = (0 < size S)"
by (metis gr0I gr_implies_not0 size_empty size_eq_0_iff_empty)
lemma size_eq_Suc_imp_elem: "size M = Suc n \<Longrightarrow> \<exists>a. a \<in># M"
apply (unfold size_multiset_overloaded_eq)
apply (drule setsum_SucD)
apply auto
done
lemma size_eq_Suc_imp_eq_union:
assumes "size M = Suc n"
shows "\<exists>a N. M = add_mset a N"
proof -
from assms obtain a where "a \<in># M"
by (erule size_eq_Suc_imp_elem [THEN exE])
then have "M = add_mset a (M - {#a#})" by simp
then show ?thesis by blast
qed
lemma size_mset_mono:
fixes A B :: "'a multiset"
assumes "A \<subseteq># B"
shows "size A \<le> size B"
proof -
from assms[unfolded mset_subset_eq_exists_conv]
obtain C where B: "B = A + C" by auto
show ?thesis unfolding B by (induct C) auto
qed
lemma size_filter_mset_lesseq[simp]: "size (filter_mset f M) \<le> size M"
by (rule size_mset_mono[OF multiset_filter_subset])
lemma size_Diff_submset:
"M \<subseteq># M' \<Longrightarrow> size (M' - M) = size M' - size(M::'a multiset)"
by (metis add_diff_cancel_left' size_union mset_subset_eq_exists_conv)
subsection \<open>Induction and case splits\<close>
theorem multiset_induct [case_names empty add, induct type: multiset]:
assumes empty: "P {#}"
assumes add: "\<And>x M. P M \<Longrightarrow> P (add_mset x M)"
shows "P M"
proof (induct n \<equiv> "size M" arbitrary: M)
case 0 thus "P M" by (simp add: empty)
next
case (Suc k)
obtain N x where "M = add_mset x N"
using \<open>Suc k = size M\<close> [symmetric]
using size_eq_Suc_imp_eq_union by fast
with Suc add show "P M" by simp
qed
lemma multi_nonempty_split: "M \<noteq> {#} \<Longrightarrow> \<exists>A a. M = add_mset a A"
by (induct M) auto
lemma multiset_cases [cases type]:
obtains (empty) "M = {#}"
| (add) x N where "M = add_mset x N"
by (induct M) simp_all
lemma multi_drop_mem_not_eq: "c \<in># B \<Longrightarrow> B - {#c#} \<noteq> B"
by (cases "B = {#}") (auto dest: multi_member_split)
lemma multiset_partition: "M = {# x\<in>#M. P x #} + {# x\<in>#M. \<not> P x #}"
apply (subst multiset_eq_iff)
apply auto
done
lemma mset_subset_size: "(A::'a multiset) \<subset># B \<Longrightarrow> size A < size B"
proof (induct A arbitrary: B)
case (empty M)
then have "M \<noteq> {#}" by (simp add: mset_subset_empty_nonempty)
then obtain M' x where "M = add_mset x M'"
by (blast dest: multi_nonempty_split)
then show ?case by simp
next
case (add x S T)
have IH: "\<And>B. S \<subset># B \<Longrightarrow> size S < size B" by fact
have SxsubT: "add_mset x S \<subset># T" by fact
then have "x \<in># T" and "S \<subset># T"
by (auto dest: mset_subset_insertD)
then obtain T' where T: "T = add_mset x T'"
by (blast dest: multi_member_split)
then have "S \<subset># T'" using SxsubT
by simp
then have "size S < size T'" using IH by simp
then show ?case using T by simp
qed
lemma size_1_singleton_mset: "size M = 1 \<Longrightarrow> \<exists>a. M = {#a#}"
by (cases M) auto
subsubsection \<open>Strong induction and subset induction for multisets\<close>
text \<open>Well-foundedness of strict subset relation\<close>
lemma wf_subset_mset_rel: "wf {(M, N :: 'a multiset). M \<subset># N}"
apply (rule wf_measure [THEN wf_subset, where f1=size])
apply (clarsimp simp: measure_def inv_image_def mset_subset_size)
done
lemma full_multiset_induct [case_names less]:
assumes ih: "\<And>B. \<forall>(A::'a multiset). A \<subset># B \<longrightarrow> P A \<Longrightarrow> P B"
shows "P B"
apply (rule wf_subset_mset_rel [THEN wf_induct])
apply (rule ih, auto)
done
lemma multi_subset_induct [consumes 2, case_names empty add]:
assumes "F \<subseteq># A"
and empty: "P {#}"
and insert: "\<And>a F. a \<in># A \<Longrightarrow> P F \<Longrightarrow> P (add_mset a F)"
shows "P F"
proof -
from \<open>F \<subseteq># A\<close>
show ?thesis
proof (induct F)
show "P {#}" by fact
next
fix x F
assume P: "F \<subseteq># A \<Longrightarrow> P F" and i: "add_mset x F \<subseteq># A"
show "P (add_mset x F)"
proof (rule insert)
from i show "x \<in># A" by (auto dest: mset_subset_eq_insertD)
from i have "F \<subseteq># A" by (auto dest: mset_subset_eq_insertD)
with P show "P F" .
qed
qed
qed
subsection \<open>The fold combinator\<close>
definition fold_mset :: "('a \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'b) \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> 'b"
where
"fold_mset f s M = Finite_Set.fold (\<lambda>x. f x ^^ count M x) s (set_mset M)"
lemma fold_mset_empty [simp]: "fold_mset f s {#} = s"
by (simp add: fold_mset_def)
context comp_fun_commute
begin
lemma fold_mset_add_mset [simp]: "fold_mset f s (add_mset x M) = f x (fold_mset f s M)"
proof -
interpret mset: comp_fun_commute "\<lambda>y. f y ^^ count M y"
by (fact comp_fun_commute_funpow)
interpret mset_union: comp_fun_commute "\<lambda>y. f y ^^ count (add_mset x M) y"
by (fact comp_fun_commute_funpow)
show ?thesis
proof (cases "x \<in> set_mset M")
case False
then have *: "count (add_mset x M) x = 1"
by (simp add: not_in_iff)
from False have "Finite_Set.fold (\<lambda>y. f y ^^ count (add_mset x M) y) s (set_mset M) =
Finite_Set.fold (\<lambda>y. f y ^^ count M y) s (set_mset M)"
by (auto intro!: Finite_Set.fold_cong comp_fun_commute_funpow)
with False * show ?thesis
by (simp add: fold_mset_def del: count_add_mset)
next
case True
define N where "N = set_mset M - {x}"
from N_def True have *: "set_mset M = insert x N" "x \<notin> N" "finite N" by auto
then have "Finite_Set.fold (\<lambda>y. f y ^^ count (add_mset x M) y) s N =
Finite_Set.fold (\<lambda>y. f y ^^ count M y) s N"
by (auto intro!: Finite_Set.fold_cong comp_fun_commute_funpow)
with * show ?thesis by (simp add: fold_mset_def del: count_add_mset) simp
qed
qed
corollary fold_mset_single: "fold_mset f s {#x#} = f x s"
by simp
lemma fold_mset_fun_left_comm: "f x (fold_mset f s M) = fold_mset f (f x s) M"
by (induct M) (simp_all add: fun_left_comm)
lemma fold_mset_union [simp]: "fold_mset f s (M + N) = fold_mset f (fold_mset f s M) N"
by (induct M) (simp_all add: fold_mset_fun_left_comm)
lemma fold_mset_fusion:
assumes "comp_fun_commute g"
and *: "\<And>x y. h (g x y) = f x (h y)"
shows "h (fold_mset g w A) = fold_mset f (h w) A"
proof -
interpret comp_fun_commute g by (fact assms)
from * show ?thesis by (induct A) auto
qed
end
lemma union_fold_mset_add_mset: "A + B = fold_mset add_mset A B"
proof -
interpret comp_fun_commute add_mset
by standard auto
show ?thesis
by (induction B) auto
qed
text \<open>
A note on code generation: When defining some function containing a
subterm @{term "fold_mset F"}, code generation is not automatic. When
interpreting locale \<open>left_commutative\<close> with \<open>F\<close>, the
would be code thms for @{const fold_mset} become thms like
@{term "fold_mset F z {#} = z"} where \<open>F\<close> is not a pattern but
contains defined symbols, i.e.\ is not a code thm. Hence a separate
constant with its own code thms needs to be introduced for \<open>F\<close>. See the image operator below.
\<close>
subsection \<open>Image\<close>
definition image_mset :: "('a \<Rightarrow> 'b) \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> 'b multiset" where
"image_mset f = fold_mset (add_mset \<circ> f) {#}"
lemma comp_fun_commute_mset_image: "comp_fun_commute (add_mset \<circ> f)"
proof
qed (simp add: fun_eq_iff)
lemma image_mset_empty [simp]: "image_mset f {#} = {#}"
by (simp add: image_mset_def)
lemma image_mset_single: "image_mset f {#x#} = {#f x#}"
proof -
interpret comp_fun_commute "add_mset \<circ> f"
by (fact comp_fun_commute_mset_image)
show ?thesis by (simp add: image_mset_def)
qed
lemma image_mset_union [simp]: "image_mset f (M + N) = image_mset f M + image_mset f N"
proof -
interpret comp_fun_commute "add_mset \<circ> f"
by (fact comp_fun_commute_mset_image)
show ?thesis by (induct N) (simp_all add: image_mset_def)
qed
corollary image_mset_add_mset [simp]:
"image_mset f (add_mset a M) = add_mset (f a) (image_mset f M)"
unfolding image_mset_union add_mset_add_single[of a M] by (simp add: image_mset_single)
lemma set_image_mset [simp]: "set_mset (image_mset f M) = image f (set_mset M)"
by (induct M) simp_all
lemma size_image_mset [simp]: "size (image_mset f M) = size M"
by (induct M) simp_all
lemma image_mset_is_empty_iff [simp]: "image_mset f M = {#} \<longleftrightarrow> M = {#}"
by (cases M) auto
lemma image_mset_If:
"image_mset (\<lambda>x. if P x then f x else g x) A =
image_mset f (filter_mset P A) + image_mset g (filter_mset (\<lambda>x. \<not>P x) A)"
by (induction A) auto
lemma image_mset_Diff:
assumes "B \<subseteq># A"
shows "image_mset f (A - B) = image_mset f A - image_mset f B"
proof -
have "image_mset f (A - B + B) = image_mset f (A - B) + image_mset f B"
by simp
also from assms have "A - B + B = A"
by (simp add: subset_mset.diff_add)
finally show ?thesis by simp
qed
lemma count_image_mset:
"count (image_mset f A) x = (\<Sum>y\<in>f -` {x} \<inter> set_mset A. count A y)"
proof (induction A)
case empty
then show ?case by simp
next
case (add x A)
moreover have *: "(if x = y then Suc n else n) = n + (if x = y then 1 else 0)" for n y
by simp
ultimately show ?case
by (auto simp: setsum.distrib setsum.delta' intro!: setsum.mono_neutral_left)
qed
syntax (ASCII)
"_comprehension_mset" :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'b multiset \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset" ("({#_/. _ :# _#})")
syntax
"_comprehension_mset" :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'b multiset \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset" ("({#_/. _ \<in># _#})")
translations
"{#e. x \<in># M#}" \<rightleftharpoons> "CONST image_mset (\<lambda>x. e) M"
syntax (ASCII)
"_comprehension_mset'" :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'b multiset \<Rightarrow> bool \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset" ("({#_/ | _ :# _./ _#})")
syntax
"_comprehension_mset'" :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'b multiset \<Rightarrow> bool \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset" ("({#_/ | _ \<in># _./ _#})")
translations
"{#e | x\<in>#M. P#}" \<rightharpoonup> "{#e. x \<in># {# x\<in>#M. P#}#}"
text \<open>
This allows to write not just filters like @{term "{#x\<in>#M. x<c#}"}
but also images like @{term "{#x+x. x\<in>#M #}"} and @{term [source]
"{#x+x|x\<in>#M. x<c#}"}, where the latter is currently displayed as
@{term "{#x+x|x\<in>#M. x<c#}"}.
\<close>
lemma in_image_mset: "y \<in># {#f x. x \<in># M#} \<longleftrightarrow> y \<in> f ` set_mset M"
by (metis set_image_mset)
functor image_mset: image_mset
proof -
fix f g show "image_mset f \<circ> image_mset g = image_mset (f \<circ> g)"
proof
fix A
show "(image_mset f \<circ> image_mset g) A = image_mset (f \<circ> g) A"
by (induct A) simp_all
qed
show "image_mset id = id"
proof
fix A
show "image_mset id A = id A"
by (induct A) simp_all
qed
qed
declare
image_mset.id [simp]
image_mset.identity [simp]
lemma image_mset_id[simp]: "image_mset id x = x"
unfolding id_def by auto
lemma image_mset_cong: "(\<And>x. x \<in># M \<Longrightarrow> f x = g x) \<Longrightarrow> {#f x. x \<in># M#} = {#g x. x \<in># M#}"
by (induct M) auto
lemma image_mset_cong_pair:
"(\<forall>x y. (x, y) \<in># M \<longrightarrow> f x y = g x y) \<Longrightarrow> {#f x y. (x, y) \<in># M#} = {#g x y. (x, y) \<in># M#}"
by (metis image_mset_cong split_cong)
subsection \<open>Further conversions\<close>
primrec mset :: "'a list \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset" where
"mset [] = {#}" |
"mset (a # x) = add_mset a (mset x)"
lemma in_multiset_in_set:
"x \<in># mset xs \<longleftrightarrow> x \<in> set xs"
by (induct xs) simp_all
lemma count_mset:
"count (mset xs) x = length (filter (\<lambda>y. x = y) xs)"
by (induct xs) simp_all
lemma mset_zero_iff[simp]: "(mset x = {#}) = (x = [])"
by (induct x) auto
lemma mset_zero_iff_right[simp]: "({#} = mset x) = (x = [])"
by (induct x) auto
lemma set_mset_mset[simp]: "set_mset (mset x) = set x"
by (induct x) auto
lemma set_mset_comp_mset [simp]: "set_mset \<circ> mset = set"
by (simp add: fun_eq_iff)
lemma size_mset [simp]: "size (mset xs) = length xs"
by (induct xs) simp_all
lemma mset_append [simp]: "mset (xs @ ys) = mset xs + mset ys"
by (induct xs arbitrary: ys) auto
lemma mset_filter: "mset (filter P xs) = {#x \<in># mset xs. P x #}"
by (induct xs) simp_all
lemma mset_rev [simp]:
"mset (rev xs) = mset xs"
by (induct xs) simp_all
lemma surj_mset: "surj mset"
apply (unfold surj_def)
apply (rule allI)
apply (rule_tac M = y in multiset_induct)
apply auto
apply (rule_tac x = "x # xa" in exI)
apply auto
done
lemma distinct_count_atmost_1:
"distinct x = (\<forall>a. count (mset x) a = (if a \<in> set x then 1 else 0))"
proof (induct x)
case Nil then show ?case by simp
next
case (Cons x xs) show ?case (is "?lhs \<longleftrightarrow> ?rhs")
proof
assume ?lhs then show ?rhs using Cons by simp
next
assume ?rhs then have "x \<notin> set xs"
by (simp split: if_splits)
moreover from \<open>?rhs\<close> have "(\<forall>a. count (mset xs) a =
(if a \<in> set xs then 1 else 0))"
by (auto split: if_splits simp add: count_eq_zero_iff)
ultimately show ?lhs using Cons by simp
qed
qed
lemma mset_eq_setD:
assumes "mset xs = mset ys"
shows "set xs = set ys"
proof -
from assms have "set_mset (mset xs) = set_mset (mset ys)"
by simp
then show ?thesis by simp
qed
lemma set_eq_iff_mset_eq_distinct:
"distinct x \<Longrightarrow> distinct y \<Longrightarrow>
(set x = set y) = (mset x = mset y)"
by (auto simp: multiset_eq_iff distinct_count_atmost_1)
lemma set_eq_iff_mset_remdups_eq:
"(set x = set y) = (mset (remdups x) = mset (remdups y))"
apply (rule iffI)
apply (simp add: set_eq_iff_mset_eq_distinct[THEN iffD1])
apply (drule distinct_remdups [THEN distinct_remdups
[THEN set_eq_iff_mset_eq_distinct [THEN iffD2]]])
apply simp
done
lemma mset_compl_union [simp]: "mset [x\<leftarrow>xs. P x] + mset [x\<leftarrow>xs. \<not>P x] = mset xs"
by (induct xs) auto
lemma nth_mem_mset: "i < length ls \<Longrightarrow> (ls ! i) \<in># mset ls"
proof (induct ls arbitrary: i)
case Nil
then show ?case by simp
next
case Cons
then show ?case by (cases i) auto
qed
lemma mset_remove1[simp]: "mset (remove1 a xs) = mset xs - {#a#}"
by (induct xs) (auto simp add: multiset_eq_iff)
lemma mset_eq_length:
assumes "mset xs = mset ys"
shows "length xs = length ys"
using assms by (metis size_mset)
lemma mset_eq_length_filter:
assumes "mset xs = mset ys"
shows "length (filter (\<lambda>x. z = x) xs) = length (filter (\<lambda>y. z = y) ys)"
using assms by (metis count_mset)
lemma fold_multiset_equiv:
assumes f: "\<And>x y. x \<in> set xs \<Longrightarrow> y \<in> set xs \<Longrightarrow> f x \<circ> f y = f y \<circ> f x"
and equiv: "mset xs = mset ys"
shows "List.fold f xs = List.fold f ys"
using f equiv [symmetric]
proof (induct xs arbitrary: ys)
case Nil
then show ?case by simp
next
case (Cons x xs)
then have *: "set ys = set (x # xs)"
by (blast dest: mset_eq_setD)
have "\<And>x y. x \<in> set ys \<Longrightarrow> y \<in> set ys \<Longrightarrow> f x \<circ> f y = f y \<circ> f x"
by (rule Cons.prems(1)) (simp_all add: *)
moreover from * have "x \<in> set ys"
by simp
ultimately have "List.fold f ys = List.fold f (remove1 x ys) \<circ> f x"
by (fact fold_remove1_split)
moreover from Cons.prems have "List.fold f xs = List.fold f (remove1 x ys)"
by (auto intro: Cons.hyps)
ultimately show ?case by simp
qed
lemma mset_insort [simp]: "mset (insort x xs) = add_mset x (mset xs)"
by (induct xs) simp_all
lemma mset_map[simp]: "mset (map f xs) = image_mset f (mset xs)"
by (induct xs) simp_all
global_interpretation mset_set: folding add_mset "{#}"
defines mset_set = "folding.F add_mset {#}"
by standard (simp add: fun_eq_iff)
lemma count_mset_set [simp]:
"finite A \<Longrightarrow> x \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> count (mset_set A) x = 1" (is "PROP ?P")
"\<not> finite A \<Longrightarrow> count (mset_set A) x = 0" (is "PROP ?Q")
"x \<notin> A \<Longrightarrow> count (mset_set A) x = 0" (is "PROP ?R")
proof -
have *: "count (mset_set A) x = 0" if "x \<notin> A" for A
proof (cases "finite A")
case False then show ?thesis by simp
next
case True from True \<open>x \<notin> A\<close> show ?thesis by (induct A) auto
qed
then show "PROP ?P" "PROP ?Q" "PROP ?R"
by (auto elim!: Set.set_insert)
qed \<comment> \<open>TODO: maybe define @{const mset_set} also in terms of @{const Abs_multiset}\<close>
lemma elem_mset_set[simp, intro]: "finite A \<Longrightarrow> x \<in># mset_set A \<longleftrightarrow> x \<in> A"
by (induct A rule: finite_induct) simp_all
lemma mset_set_Union:
"finite A \<Longrightarrow> finite B \<Longrightarrow> A \<inter> B = {} \<Longrightarrow> mset_set (A \<union> B) = mset_set A + mset_set B"
by (induction A rule: finite_induct) auto
lemma filter_mset_mset_set [simp]:
"finite A \<Longrightarrow> filter_mset P (mset_set A) = mset_set {x\<in>A. P x}"
proof (induction A rule: finite_induct)
case (insert x A)
from insert.hyps have "filter_mset P (mset_set (insert x A)) =
filter_mset P (mset_set A) + mset_set (if P x then {x} else {})"
by simp
also have "filter_mset P (mset_set A) = mset_set {x\<in>A. P x}"
by (rule insert.IH)
also from insert.hyps
have "\<dots> + mset_set (if P x then {x} else {}) =
mset_set ({x \<in> A. P x} \<union> (if P x then {x} else {}))" (is "_ = mset_set ?A")
by (intro mset_set_Union [symmetric]) simp_all
also from insert.hyps have "?A = {y\<in>insert x A. P y}" by auto
finally show ?case .
qed simp_all
lemma mset_set_Diff:
assumes "finite A" "B \<subseteq> A"
shows "mset_set (A - B) = mset_set A - mset_set B"
proof -
from assms have "mset_set ((A - B) \<union> B) = mset_set (A - B) + mset_set B"
by (intro mset_set_Union) (auto dest: finite_subset)
also from assms have "A - B \<union> B = A" by blast
finally show ?thesis by simp
qed
lemma mset_set_set: "distinct xs \<Longrightarrow> mset_set (set xs) = mset xs"
by (induction xs) simp_all
context linorder
begin
definition sorted_list_of_multiset :: "'a multiset \<Rightarrow> 'a list"
where
"sorted_list_of_multiset M = fold_mset insort [] M"
lemma sorted_list_of_multiset_empty [simp]:
"sorted_list_of_multiset {#} = []"
by (simp add: sorted_list_of_multiset_def)
lemma sorted_list_of_multiset_singleton [simp]:
"sorted_list_of_multiset {#x#} = [x]"
proof -
interpret comp_fun_commute insort by (fact comp_fun_commute_insort)
show ?thesis by (simp add: sorted_list_of_multiset_def)
qed
lemma sorted_list_of_multiset_insert [simp]:
"sorted_list_of_multiset (add_mset x M) = List.insort x (sorted_list_of_multiset M)"
proof -
interpret comp_fun_commute insort by (fact comp_fun_commute_insort)
show ?thesis by (simp add: sorted_list_of_multiset_def)
qed
end
lemma mset_sorted_list_of_multiset [simp]:
"mset (sorted_list_of_multiset M) = M"
by (induct M) simp_all
lemma sorted_list_of_multiset_mset [simp]:
"sorted_list_of_multiset (mset xs) = sort xs"
by (induct xs) simp_all
lemma finite_set_mset_mset_set[simp]:
"finite A \<Longrightarrow> set_mset (mset_set A) = A"
by (induct A rule: finite_induct) simp_all
lemma mset_set_empty_iff: "mset_set A = {#} \<longleftrightarrow> A = {} \<or> infinite A"
using finite_set_mset_mset_set by fastforce
lemma infinite_set_mset_mset_set:
"\<not> finite A \<Longrightarrow> set_mset (mset_set A) = {}"
by simp
lemma set_sorted_list_of_multiset [simp]:
"set (sorted_list_of_multiset M) = set_mset M"
by (induct M) (simp_all add: set_insort)
lemma sorted_list_of_mset_set [simp]:
"sorted_list_of_multiset (mset_set A) = sorted_list_of_set A"
by (cases "finite A") (induct A rule: finite_induct, simp_all)
lemma mset_upt [simp]: "mset [m..<n] = mset_set {m..<n}"
by (induction n) (simp_all add: atLeastLessThanSuc)
lemma image_mset_map_of:
"distinct (map fst xs) \<Longrightarrow> {#the (map_of xs i). i \<in># mset (map fst xs)#} = mset (map snd xs)"
proof (induction xs)
case (Cons x xs)
have "{#the (map_of (x # xs) i). i \<in># mset (map fst (x # xs))#} =
add_mset (snd x) {#the (if i = fst x then Some (snd x) else map_of xs i).
i \<in># mset (map fst xs)#}" (is "_ = add_mset _ ?A") by simp
also from Cons.prems have "?A = {#the (map_of xs i). i :# mset (map fst xs)#}"
by (cases x, intro image_mset_cong) (auto simp: in_multiset_in_set)
also from Cons.prems have "\<dots> = mset (map snd xs)" by (intro Cons.IH) simp_all
finally show ?case by simp
qed simp_all
subsection \<open>Replicate operation\<close>
definition replicate_mset :: "nat \<Rightarrow> 'a \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset" where
"replicate_mset n x = (add_mset x ^^ n) {#}"
lemma replicate_mset_0[simp]: "replicate_mset 0 x = {#}"
unfolding replicate_mset_def by simp
lemma replicate_mset_Suc [simp]: "replicate_mset (Suc n) x = add_mset x (replicate_mset n x)"
unfolding replicate_mset_def by (induct n) (auto intro: add.commute)
lemma in_replicate_mset[simp]: "x \<in># replicate_mset n y \<longleftrightarrow> n > 0 \<and> x = y"
unfolding replicate_mset_def by (induct n) auto
lemma count_replicate_mset[simp]: "count (replicate_mset n x) y = (if y = x then n else 0)"
unfolding replicate_mset_def by (induct n) auto
lemma set_mset_replicate_mset_subset[simp]: "set_mset (replicate_mset n x) = (if n = 0 then {} else {x})"
by (auto split: if_splits)
lemma size_replicate_mset[simp]: "size (replicate_mset n M) = n"
by (induct n, simp_all)
lemma count_le_replicate_mset_subset_eq: "n \<le> count M x \<longleftrightarrow> replicate_mset n x \<subseteq># M"
by (auto simp add: mset_subset_eqI) (metis count_replicate_mset subseteq_mset_def)
lemma filter_eq_replicate_mset: "{#y \<in># D. y = x#} = replicate_mset (count D x) x"
by (induct D) simp_all
lemma replicate_count_mset_eq_filter_eq:
"replicate (count (mset xs) k) k = filter (HOL.eq k) xs"
by (induct xs) auto
lemma replicate_mset_eq_empty_iff [simp]:
"replicate_mset n a = {#} \<longleftrightarrow> n = 0"
by (induct n) simp_all
lemma replicate_mset_eq_iff:
"replicate_mset m a = replicate_mset n b \<longleftrightarrow>
m = 0 \<and> n = 0 \<or> m = n \<and> a = b"
by (auto simp add: multiset_eq_iff)
subsection \<open>Big operators\<close>
locale comm_monoid_mset = comm_monoid
begin
definition F :: "'a multiset \<Rightarrow> 'a"
where eq_fold: "F M = fold_mset f \<^bold>1 M"
lemma empty [simp]: "F {#} = \<^bold>1"
by (simp add: eq_fold)
lemma singleton [simp]: "F {#x#} = x"
proof -
interpret comp_fun_commute
by standard (simp add: fun_eq_iff left_commute)
show ?thesis by (simp add: eq_fold)
qed
lemma union [simp]: "F (M + N) = F M \<^bold>* F N"
proof -
interpret comp_fun_commute f
by standard (simp add: fun_eq_iff left_commute)
show ?thesis
by (induct N) (simp_all add: left_commute eq_fold)
qed
lemma add_mset [simp]: "F (add_mset x N) = x \<^bold>* F N"
unfolding add_mset_add_single[of x N] union by (simp add: ac_simps)
end
lemma comp_fun_commute_plus_mset[simp]: "comp_fun_commute (op + :: 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> _ \<Rightarrow> _)"
by standard (simp add: add_ac comp_def)
declare comp_fun_commute.fold_mset_add_mset[OF comp_fun_commute_plus_mset, simp]
lemma in_mset_fold_plus_iff[iff]: "x \<in># fold_mset (op +) M NN \<longleftrightarrow> x \<in># M \<or> (\<exists>N. N \<in># NN \<and> x \<in># N)"
by (induct NN) auto
context comm_monoid_add
begin
sublocale msetsum: comm_monoid_mset plus 0
defines msetsum = msetsum.F ..
lemma (in semiring_1) msetsum_replicate_mset [simp]:
"msetsum (replicate_mset n a) = of_nat n * a"
by (induct n) (simp_all add: algebra_simps)
lemma setsum_unfold_msetsum:
"setsum f A = msetsum (image_mset f (mset_set A))"
by (cases "finite A") (induct A rule: finite_induct, simp_all)
lemma msetsum_delta: "msetsum (image_mset (\<lambda>x. if x = y then c else 0) A) = c * count A y"
by (induction A) simp_all
lemma msetsum_delta': "msetsum (image_mset (\<lambda>x. if y = x then c else 0) A) = c * count A y"
by (induction A) simp_all
end
lemma msetsum_diff:
fixes M N :: "('a :: ordered_cancel_comm_monoid_diff) multiset"
shows "N \<subseteq># M \<Longrightarrow> msetsum (M - N) = msetsum M - msetsum N"
by (metis add_diff_cancel_right' msetsum.union subset_mset.diff_add)
lemma size_eq_msetsum: "size M = msetsum (image_mset (\<lambda>_. 1) M)"
proof (induct M)
case empty then show ?case by simp
next
case (add x M) then show ?case
by (cases "x \<in> set_mset M")
(simp_all add: size_multiset_overloaded_eq not_in_iff setsum.If_cases Diff_eq[symmetric]
setsum.remove)
qed
lemma size_mset_set [simp]: "size (mset_set A) = card A"
by (simp only: size_eq_msetsum card_eq_setsum setsum_unfold_msetsum)
syntax (ASCII)
"_msetsum_image" :: "pttrn \<Rightarrow> 'b set \<Rightarrow> 'a \<Rightarrow> 'a::comm_monoid_add" ("(3SUM _:#_. _)" [0, 51, 10] 10)
syntax
"_msetsum_image" :: "pttrn \<Rightarrow> 'b set \<Rightarrow> 'a \<Rightarrow> 'a::comm_monoid_add" ("(3\<Sum>_\<in>#_. _)" [0, 51, 10] 10)
translations
"\<Sum>i \<in># A. b" \<rightleftharpoons> "CONST msetsum (CONST image_mset (\<lambda>i. b) A)"
abbreviation Union_mset :: "'a multiset multiset \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset" ("\<Union>#_" [900] 900)
where "\<Union># MM \<equiv> msetsum MM" \<comment> \<open>FIXME ambiguous notation --
could likewise refer to \<open>\<Squnion>#\<close>\<close>
lemma set_mset_Union_mset[simp]: "set_mset (\<Union># MM) = (\<Union>M \<in> set_mset MM. set_mset M)"
by (induct MM) auto
lemma in_Union_mset_iff[iff]: "x \<in># \<Union># MM \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>M. M \<in># MM \<and> x \<in># M)"
by (induct MM) auto
lemma count_setsum:
"count (setsum f A) x = setsum (\<lambda>a. count (f a) x) A"
by (induct A rule: infinite_finite_induct) simp_all
lemma setsum_eq_empty_iff:
assumes "finite A"
shows "setsum f A = {#} \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>a\<in>A. f a = {#})"
using assms by induct simp_all
context comm_monoid_mult
begin
sublocale msetprod: comm_monoid_mset times 1
defines msetprod = msetprod.F ..
lemma msetprod_empty:
"msetprod {#} = 1"
by (fact msetprod.empty)
lemma msetprod_singleton:
"msetprod {#x#} = x"
by (fact msetprod.singleton)
lemma msetprod_Un:
"msetprod (A + B) = msetprod A * msetprod B"
by (fact msetprod.union)
lemma msetprod_replicate_mset [simp]:
"msetprod (replicate_mset n a) = a ^ n"
by (induct n) simp_all
lemma setprod_unfold_msetprod:
"setprod f A = msetprod (image_mset f (mset_set A))"
by (cases "finite A") (induct A rule: finite_induct, simp_all)
lemma msetprod_multiplicity:
"msetprod M = setprod (\<lambda>x. x ^ count M x) (set_mset M)"
by (simp add: fold_mset_def setprod.eq_fold msetprod.eq_fold funpow_times_power comp_def)
lemma msetprod_delta: "msetprod (image_mset (\<lambda>x. if x = y then c else 1) A) = c ^ count A y"
by (induction A) simp_all
lemma msetprod_delta': "msetprod (image_mset (\<lambda>x. if y = x then c else 1) A) = c ^ count A y"
by (induction A) simp_all
end
syntax (ASCII)
"_msetprod_image" :: "pttrn \<Rightarrow> 'b set \<Rightarrow> 'a \<Rightarrow> 'a::comm_monoid_mult" ("(3PROD _:#_. _)" [0, 51, 10] 10)
syntax
"_msetprod_image" :: "pttrn \<Rightarrow> 'b set \<Rightarrow> 'a \<Rightarrow> 'a::comm_monoid_mult" ("(3\<Prod>_\<in>#_. _)" [0, 51, 10] 10)
translations
"\<Prod>i \<in># A. b" \<rightleftharpoons> "CONST msetprod (CONST image_mset (\<lambda>i. b) A)"
lemma (in comm_semiring_1) dvd_msetprod:
assumes "x \<in># A"
shows "x dvd msetprod A"
proof -
from assms have "A = add_mset x (A - {#x#})" by simp
then obtain B where "A = add_mset x B" ..
then show ?thesis by simp
qed
lemma (in semidom) msetprod_zero_iff [iff]:
"msetprod A = 0 \<longleftrightarrow> 0 \<in># A"
by (induct A) auto
lemma (in semidom_divide) msetprod_diff:
assumes "B \<subseteq># A" and "0 \<notin># B"
shows "msetprod (A - B) = msetprod A div msetprod B"
proof -
from assms obtain C where "A = B + C"
by (metis subset_mset.add_diff_inverse)
with assms show ?thesis by simp
qed
lemma (in semidom_divide) msetprod_minus:
assumes "a \<in># A" and "a \<noteq> 0"
shows "msetprod (A - {#a#}) = msetprod A div a"
using assms msetprod_diff [of "{#a#}" A] by auto
lemma (in normalization_semidom) normalized_msetprodI:
assumes "\<And>a. a \<in># A \<Longrightarrow> normalize a = a"
shows "normalize (msetprod A) = msetprod A"
using assms by (induct A) (simp_all add: normalize_mult)
subsection \<open>Alternative representations\<close>
subsubsection \<open>Lists\<close>
context linorder
begin
lemma mset_insort [simp]:
"mset (insort_key k x xs) = add_mset x (mset xs)"
by (induct xs) simp_all
lemma mset_sort [simp]:
"mset (sort_key k xs) = mset xs"
by (induct xs) simp_all
text \<open>
This lemma shows which properties suffice to show that a function
\<open>f\<close> with \<open>f xs = ys\<close> behaves like sort.
\<close>
lemma properties_for_sort_key:
assumes "mset ys = mset xs"
and "\<And>k. k \<in> set ys \<Longrightarrow> filter (\<lambda>x. f k = f x) ys = filter (\<lambda>x. f k = f x) xs"
and "sorted (map f ys)"
shows "sort_key f xs = ys"
using assms
proof (induct xs arbitrary: ys)
case Nil then show ?case by simp
next
case (Cons x xs)
from Cons.prems(2) have
"\<forall>k \<in> set ys. filter (\<lambda>x. f k = f x) (remove1 x ys) = filter (\<lambda>x. f k = f x) xs"
by (simp add: filter_remove1)
with Cons.prems have "sort_key f xs = remove1 x ys"
by (auto intro!: Cons.hyps simp add: sorted_map_remove1)
moreover from Cons.prems have "x \<in># mset ys"
by auto
then have "x \<in> set ys"
by simp
ultimately show ?case using Cons.prems by (simp add: insort_key_remove1)
qed
lemma properties_for_sort:
assumes multiset: "mset ys = mset xs"
and "sorted ys"
shows "sort xs = ys"
proof (rule properties_for_sort_key)
from multiset show "mset ys = mset xs" .
from \<open>sorted ys\<close> show "sorted (map (\<lambda>x. x) ys)" by simp
from multiset have "length (filter (\<lambda>y. k = y) ys) = length (filter (\<lambda>x. k = x) xs)" for k
by (rule mset_eq_length_filter)
then have "replicate (length (filter (\<lambda>y. k = y) ys)) k =
replicate (length (filter (\<lambda>x. k = x) xs)) k" for k
by simp
then show "k \<in> set ys \<Longrightarrow> filter (\<lambda>y. k = y) ys = filter (\<lambda>x. k = x) xs" for k
by (simp add: replicate_length_filter)
qed
lemma sort_key_inj_key_eq:
assumes mset_equal: "mset xs = mset ys"
and "inj_on f (set xs)"
and "sorted (map f ys)"
shows "sort_key f xs = ys"
proof (rule properties_for_sort_key)
from mset_equal
show "mset ys = mset xs" by simp
from \<open>sorted (map f ys)\<close>
show "sorted (map f ys)" .
show "[x\<leftarrow>ys . f k = f x] = [x\<leftarrow>xs . f k = f x]" if "k \<in> set ys" for k
proof -
from mset_equal
have set_equal: "set xs = set ys" by (rule mset_eq_setD)
with that have "insert k (set ys) = set ys" by auto
with \<open>inj_on f (set xs)\<close> have inj: "inj_on f (insert k (set ys))"
by (simp add: set_equal)
from inj have "[x\<leftarrow>ys . f k = f x] = filter (HOL.eq k) ys"
by (auto intro!: inj_on_filter_key_eq)
also have "\<dots> = replicate (count (mset ys) k) k"
by (simp add: replicate_count_mset_eq_filter_eq)
also have "\<dots> = replicate (count (mset xs) k) k"
using mset_equal by simp
also have "\<dots> = filter (HOL.eq k) xs"
by (simp add: replicate_count_mset_eq_filter_eq)
also have "\<dots> = [x\<leftarrow>xs . f k = f x]"
using inj by (auto intro!: inj_on_filter_key_eq [symmetric] simp add: set_equal)
finally show ?thesis .
qed
qed
lemma sort_key_eq_sort_key:
assumes "mset xs = mset ys"
and "inj_on f (set xs)"
shows "sort_key f xs = sort_key f ys"
by (rule sort_key_inj_key_eq) (simp_all add: assms)
lemma sort_key_by_quicksort:
"sort_key f xs = sort_key f [x\<leftarrow>xs. f x < f (xs ! (length xs div 2))]
@ [x\<leftarrow>xs. f x = f (xs ! (length xs div 2))]
@ sort_key f [x\<leftarrow>xs. f x > f (xs ! (length xs div 2))]" (is "sort_key f ?lhs = ?rhs")
proof (rule properties_for_sort_key)
show "mset ?rhs = mset ?lhs"
by (rule multiset_eqI) (auto simp add: mset_filter)
show "sorted (map f ?rhs)"
by (auto simp add: sorted_append intro: sorted_map_same)
next
fix l
assume "l \<in> set ?rhs"
let ?pivot = "f (xs ! (length xs div 2))"
have *: "\<And>x. f l = f x \<longleftrightarrow> f x = f l" by auto
have "[x \<leftarrow> sort_key f xs . f x = f l] = [x \<leftarrow> xs. f x = f l]"
unfolding filter_sort by (rule properties_for_sort_key) (auto intro: sorted_map_same)
with * have **: "[x \<leftarrow> sort_key f xs . f l = f x] = [x \<leftarrow> xs. f l = f x]" by simp
have "\<And>x P. P (f x) ?pivot \<and> f l = f x \<longleftrightarrow> P (f l) ?pivot \<and> f l = f x" by auto
then have "\<And>P. [x \<leftarrow> sort_key f xs . P (f x) ?pivot \<and> f l = f x] =
[x \<leftarrow> sort_key f xs. P (f l) ?pivot \<and> f l = f x]" by simp
note *** = this [of "op <"] this [of "op >"] this [of "op ="]
show "[x \<leftarrow> ?rhs. f l = f x] = [x \<leftarrow> ?lhs. f l = f x]"
proof (cases "f l" ?pivot rule: linorder_cases)
case less
then have "f l \<noteq> ?pivot" and "\<not> f l > ?pivot" by auto
with less show ?thesis
by (simp add: filter_sort [symmetric] ** ***)
next
case equal then show ?thesis
by (simp add: * less_le)
next
case greater
then have "f l \<noteq> ?pivot" and "\<not> f l < ?pivot" by auto
with greater show ?thesis
by (simp add: filter_sort [symmetric] ** ***)
qed
qed
lemma sort_by_quicksort:
"sort xs = sort [x\<leftarrow>xs. x < xs ! (length xs div 2)]
@ [x\<leftarrow>xs. x = xs ! (length xs div 2)]
@ sort [x\<leftarrow>xs. x > xs ! (length xs div 2)]" (is "sort ?lhs = ?rhs")
using sort_key_by_quicksort [of "\<lambda>x. x", symmetric] by simp
text \<open>A stable parametrized quicksort\<close>
definition part :: "('b \<Rightarrow> 'a) \<Rightarrow> 'a \<Rightarrow> 'b list \<Rightarrow> 'b list \<times> 'b list \<times> 'b list" where
"part f pivot xs = ([x \<leftarrow> xs. f x < pivot], [x \<leftarrow> xs. f x = pivot], [x \<leftarrow> xs. pivot < f x])"
lemma part_code [code]:
"part f pivot [] = ([], [], [])"
"part f pivot (x # xs) = (let (lts, eqs, gts) = part f pivot xs; x' = f x in
if x' < pivot then (x # lts, eqs, gts)
else if x' > pivot then (lts, eqs, x # gts)
else (lts, x # eqs, gts))"
by (auto simp add: part_def Let_def split_def)
lemma sort_key_by_quicksort_code [code]:
"sort_key f xs =
(case xs of
[] \<Rightarrow> []
| [x] \<Rightarrow> xs
| [x, y] \<Rightarrow> (if f x \<le> f y then xs else [y, x])
| _ \<Rightarrow>
let (lts, eqs, gts) = part f (f (xs ! (length xs div 2))) xs
in sort_key f lts @ eqs @ sort_key f gts)"
proof (cases xs)
case Nil then show ?thesis by simp
next
case (Cons _ ys) note hyps = Cons show ?thesis
proof (cases ys)
case Nil with hyps show ?thesis by simp
next
case (Cons _ zs) note hyps = hyps Cons show ?thesis
proof (cases zs)
case Nil with hyps show ?thesis by auto
next
case Cons
from sort_key_by_quicksort [of f xs]
have "sort_key f xs = (let (lts, eqs, gts) = part f (f (xs ! (length xs div 2))) xs
in sort_key f lts @ eqs @ sort_key f gts)"
by (simp only: split_def Let_def part_def fst_conv snd_conv)
with hyps Cons show ?thesis by (simp only: list.cases)
qed
qed
qed
end
hide_const (open) part
lemma mset_remdups_subset_eq: "mset (remdups xs) \<subseteq># mset xs"
by (induct xs) (auto intro: subset_mset.order_trans)
lemma mset_update:
"i < length ls \<Longrightarrow> mset (ls[i := v]) = add_mset v (mset ls - {#ls ! i#})"
proof (induct ls arbitrary: i)
case Nil then show ?case by simp
next
case (Cons x xs)
show ?case
proof (cases i)
case 0 then show ?thesis by simp
next
case (Suc i')
with Cons show ?thesis
by (cases \<open>x = xs ! i'\<close>) auto
qed
qed
lemma mset_swap:
"i < length ls \<Longrightarrow> j < length ls \<Longrightarrow>
mset (ls[j := ls ! i, i := ls ! j]) = mset ls"
by (cases "i = j") (simp_all add: mset_update nth_mem_mset)
subsection \<open>The multiset order\<close>
subsubsection \<open>Well-foundedness\<close>
definition mult1 :: "('a \<times> 'a) set \<Rightarrow> ('a multiset \<times> 'a multiset) set" where
"mult1 r = {(N, M). \<exists>a M0 K. M = add_mset a M0 \<and> N = M0 + K \<and>
(\<forall>b. b \<in># K \<longrightarrow> (b, a) \<in> r)}"
definition mult :: "('a \<times> 'a) set \<Rightarrow> ('a multiset \<times> 'a multiset) set" where
"mult r = (mult1 r)\<^sup>+"
lemma mult1I:
assumes "M = add_mset a M0" and "N = M0 + K" and "\<And>b. b \<in># K \<Longrightarrow> (b, a) \<in> r"
shows "(N, M) \<in> mult1 r"
using assms unfolding mult1_def by blast
lemma mult1E:
assumes "(N, M) \<in> mult1 r"
obtains a M0 K where "M = add_mset a M0" "N = M0 + K" "\<And>b. b \<in># K \<Longrightarrow> (b, a) \<in> r"
using assms unfolding mult1_def by blast
lemma mono_mult1:
assumes "r \<subseteq> r'" shows "mult1 r \<subseteq> mult1 r'"
unfolding mult1_def using assms by blast
lemma mono_mult:
assumes "r \<subseteq> r'" shows "mult r \<subseteq> mult r'"
unfolding mult_def using mono_mult1[OF assms] trancl_mono by blast
lemma not_less_empty [iff]: "(M, {#}) \<notin> mult1 r"
by (simp add: mult1_def)
lemma less_add:
assumes mult1: "(N, add_mset a M0) \<in> mult1 r"
shows
"(\<exists>M. (M, M0) \<in> mult1 r \<and> N = add_mset a M) \<or>
(\<exists>K. (\<forall>b. b \<in># K \<longrightarrow> (b, a) \<in> r) \<and> N = M0 + K)"
proof -
let ?r = "\<lambda>K a. \<forall>b. b \<in># K \<longrightarrow> (b, a) \<in> r"
let ?R = "\<lambda>N M. \<exists>a M0 K. M = add_mset a M0 \<and> N = M0 + K \<and> ?r K a"
obtain a' M0' K where M0: "add_mset a M0 = add_mset a' M0'"
and N: "N = M0' + K"
and r: "?r K a'"
using mult1 unfolding mult1_def by auto
show ?thesis (is "?case1 \<or> ?case2")
proof -
from M0 consider "M0 = M0'" "a = a'"
| K' where "M0 = add_mset a' K'" "M0' = add_mset a K'"
by atomize_elim (simp only: add_eq_conv_ex)
then show ?thesis
proof cases
case 1
with N r have "?r K a \<and> N = M0 + K" by simp
then have ?case2 ..
then show ?thesis ..
next
case 2
from N 2(2) have n: "N = add_mset a (K' + K)" by simp
with r 2(1) have "?R (K' + K) M0" by blast
with n have ?case1 by (simp add: mult1_def)
then show ?thesis ..
qed
qed
qed
lemma all_accessible:
assumes "wf r"
shows "\<forall>M. M \<in> Wellfounded.acc (mult1 r)"
proof
let ?R = "mult1 r"
let ?W = "Wellfounded.acc ?R"
{
fix M M0 a
assume M0: "M0 \<in> ?W"
and wf_hyp: "\<And>b. (b, a) \<in> r \<Longrightarrow> (\<forall>M \<in> ?W. add_mset b M \<in> ?W)"
and acc_hyp: "\<forall>M. (M, M0) \<in> ?R \<longrightarrow> add_mset a M \<in> ?W"
have "add_mset a M0 \<in> ?W"
proof (rule accI [of "add_mset a M0"])
fix N
assume "(N, add_mset a M0) \<in> ?R"
then consider M where "(M, M0) \<in> ?R" "N = add_mset a M"
| K where "\<forall>b. b \<in># K \<longrightarrow> (b, a) \<in> r" "N = M0 + K"
by atomize_elim (rule less_add)
then show "N \<in> ?W"
proof cases
case 1
from acc_hyp have "(M, M0) \<in> ?R \<longrightarrow> add_mset a M \<in> ?W" ..
from this and \<open>(M, M0) \<in> ?R\<close> have "add_mset a M \<in> ?W" ..
then show "N \<in> ?W" by (simp only: \<open>N = add_mset a M\<close>)
next
case 2
from this(1) have "M0 + K \<in> ?W"
proof (induct K)
case empty
from M0 show "M0 + {#} \<in> ?W" by simp
next
case (add x K)
from add.prems have "(x, a) \<in> r" by simp
with wf_hyp have "\<forall>M \<in> ?W. add_mset x M \<in> ?W" by blast
moreover from add have "M0 + K \<in> ?W" by simp
ultimately have "add_mset x (M0 + K) \<in> ?W" ..
then show "M0 + (add_mset x K) \<in> ?W" by simp
qed
then show "N \<in> ?W" by (simp only: 2(2))
qed
qed
} note tedious_reasoning = this
show "M \<in> ?W" for M
proof (induct M)
show "{#} \<in> ?W"
proof (rule accI)
fix b assume "(b, {#}) \<in> ?R"
with not_less_empty show "b \<in> ?W" by contradiction
qed
fix M a assume "M \<in> ?W"
from \<open>wf r\<close> have "\<forall>M \<in> ?W. add_mset a M \<in> ?W"
proof induct
fix a
assume r: "\<And>b. (b, a) \<in> r \<Longrightarrow> (\<forall>M \<in> ?W. add_mset b M \<in> ?W)"
show "\<forall>M \<in> ?W. add_mset a M \<in> ?W"
proof
fix M assume "M \<in> ?W"
then show "add_mset a M \<in> ?W"
by (rule acc_induct) (rule tedious_reasoning [OF _ r])
qed
qed
from this and \<open>M \<in> ?W\<close> show "add_mset a M \<in> ?W" ..
qed
qed
theorem wf_mult1: "wf r \<Longrightarrow> wf (mult1 r)"
by (rule acc_wfI) (rule all_accessible)
theorem wf_mult: "wf r \<Longrightarrow> wf (mult r)"
unfolding mult_def by (rule wf_trancl) (rule wf_mult1)
subsubsection \<open>Closure-free presentation\<close>
text \<open>One direction.\<close>
lemma mult_implies_one_step:
"trans r \<Longrightarrow> (M, N) \<in> mult r \<Longrightarrow>
\<exists>I J K. N = I + J \<and> M = I + K \<and> J \<noteq> {#} \<and>
(\<forall>k \<in> set_mset K. \<exists>j \<in> set_mset J. (k, j) \<in> r)"
apply (unfold mult_def mult1_def)
apply (erule converse_trancl_induct, clarify)
apply (rule_tac x = M0 in exI, simp)
apply clarify
apply (case_tac "a \<in># K")
apply (rule_tac x = I in exI)
apply (simp (no_asm))
apply (rule_tac x = "(K - {#a#}) + Ka" in exI)
apply (simp (no_asm_simp) add: add.assoc [symmetric])
apply (drule union_single_eq_diff)
apply (auto simp: subset_mset.add_diff_assoc dest: in_diffD)[]
apply (meson transD)
apply (subgoal_tac "a \<in># I")
apply (rule_tac x = "I - {#a#}" in exI)
apply (rule_tac x = "add_mset a J" in exI)
apply (rule_tac x = "K + Ka" in exI)
apply (rule conjI)
apply (simp add: multiset_eq_iff union_single_eq_diff split: nat_diff_split)
apply (rule conjI)
apply (drule union_single_eq_diff)
apply (simp add: add.assoc subset_mset.add_diff_assoc2)
apply (simp)
apply (simp add: multiset_eq_iff split: nat_diff_split)
apply (simp (no_asm_use) add: trans_def)
apply (subgoal_tac "a \<in># add_mset a M0")
apply (simp_all add: not_in_iff)
apply blast
by (metis (no_types, lifting) not_in_iff union_iff union_single_eq_member)
lemma one_step_implies_mult_aux:
"\<forall>I J K. size J = n \<and> J \<noteq> {#} \<and> (\<forall>k \<in> set_mset K. \<exists>j \<in> set_mset J. (k, j) \<in> r)
\<longrightarrow> (I + K, I + J) \<in> mult r"
apply (induct n)
apply auto
apply (frule size_eq_Suc_imp_eq_union, clarify)
apply (rename_tac "J'", simp)
apply (case_tac "J' = {#}")
apply (simp add: mult_def)
apply (rule r_into_trancl)
apply (simp add: mult1_def, blast)
txt \<open>Now we know @{term "J' \<noteq> {#}"}.\<close>
apply (cut_tac M = K and P = "\<lambda>x. (x, a) \<in> r" in multiset_partition)
apply (erule_tac P = "\<forall>k \<in> set_mset K. P k" for P in rev_mp)
apply (simp add: Ball_def, auto)
apply (subgoal_tac
"((I + {# x \<in># K. (x, a) \<in> r #}) + {# x \<in># K. (x, a) \<notin> r #},
(I + {# x \<in># K. (x, a) \<in> r #}) + J') \<in> mult r")
prefer 2
apply (drule_tac x = "I + {# x \<in># K. (x, a) \<in> r#}" in spec)
apply (drule_tac x = "J'" in spec)
apply (drule_tac x = "{# x \<in># K. (x, a) \<notin> r#}" in spec)
apply auto[]
apply (simp (no_asm_use) add: add.assoc [symmetric] mult_def)
apply (subst (asm)(1) add.assoc)
apply (subst (asm)(2) multiset_partition[symmetric])
apply (erule trancl_trans)
apply (rule r_into_trancl)
apply (simp add: mult1_def)
apply (rule_tac x = a in exI)
apply (rule_tac x = "I + J'" in exI)
apply simp
done
lemma one_step_implies_mult:
"J \<noteq> {#} \<Longrightarrow> \<forall>k \<in> set_mset K. \<exists>j \<in> set_mset J. (k, j) \<in> r
\<Longrightarrow> (I + K, I + J) \<in> mult r"
using one_step_implies_mult_aux by blast
subsection \<open>The multiset extension is cancellative for multiset union\<close>
lemma mult_cancel:
assumes "trans s" and "irrefl s"
shows "(X + Z, Y + Z) \<in> mult s \<longleftrightarrow> (X, Y) \<in> mult s" (is "?L \<longleftrightarrow> ?R")
proof
assume ?L thus ?R
proof (induct Z)
case (add z Z)
obtain X' Y' Z' where *: "add_mset z X + Z = Z' + X'" "add_mset z Y + Z = Z' + Y'" "Y' \<noteq> {#}"
"\<forall>x \<in> set_mset X'. \<exists>y \<in> set_mset Y'. (x, y) \<in> s"
using mult_implies_one_step[OF `trans s` add(2)] by auto
consider Z2 where "Z' = add_mset z Z2" | X2 Y2 where "X' = add_mset z X2" "Y' = add_mset z Y2"
using *(1,2) by (metis add_mset_remove_trivial_If insert_iff set_mset_add_mset_insert union_iff)
thus ?case
proof (cases)
case 1 thus ?thesis using * one_step_implies_mult[of Y' X' s Z2]
by (auto simp: add.commute[of _ "{#_#}"] add.assoc intro: add(1))
next
case 2 then obtain y where "y \<in> set_mset Y2" "(z, y) \<in> s" using *(4) `irrefl s`
by (auto simp: irrefl_def)
moreover from this transD[OF `trans s` _ this(2)]
have "x' \<in> set_mset X2 \<Longrightarrow> \<exists>y \<in> set_mset Y2. (x', y) \<in> s" for x'
using 2 *(4)[rule_format, of x'] by auto
ultimately show ?thesis using * one_step_implies_mult[of Y2 X2 s Z'] 2
by (force simp: add.commute[of "{#_#}"] add.assoc[symmetric] intro: add(1))
qed
qed auto
next
assume ?R then obtain I J K
where "Y = I + J" "X = I + K" "J \<noteq> {#}" "\<forall>k \<in> set_mset K. \<exists>j \<in> set_mset J. (k, j) \<in> s"
using mult_implies_one_step[OF `trans s`] by blast
thus ?L using one_step_implies_mult[of J K s "I + Z"] by (auto simp: ac_simps)
qed
lemma mult_cancel_max:
assumes "trans s" and "irrefl s"
shows "(X, Y) \<in> mult s \<longleftrightarrow> (X - X #\<inter> Y, Y - X #\<inter> Y) \<in> mult s" (is "?L \<longleftrightarrow> ?R")
proof -
have "X - X #\<inter> Y + X #\<inter> Y = X" "Y - X #\<inter> Y + X #\<inter> Y = Y" by (auto simp: count_inject[symmetric])
thus ?thesis using mult_cancel[OF assms, of "X - X #\<inter> Y" "X #\<inter> Y" "Y - X #\<inter> Y"] by auto
qed
subsection \<open>Quasi-executable version of the multiset extension\<close>
text \<open>
Predicate variants of \<open>mult\<close> and the reflexive closure of \<open>mult\<close>, which are
executable whenever the given predicate \<open>P\<close> is. Together with the standard
code equations for \<open>op #\<inter>\<close> and \<open>op -\<close> this should yield quadratic
(with respect to calls to \<open>P\<close>) implementations of \<open>multp\<close> and \<open>multeqp\<close>.
\<close>
definition multp :: "('a \<Rightarrow> 'a \<Rightarrow> bool) \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> bool" where
"multp P N M =
(let Z = M #\<inter> N; X = M - Z in
X \<noteq> {#} \<and> (let Y = N - Z in (\<forall>y \<in> set_mset Y. \<exists>x \<in> set_mset X. P y x)))"
definition multeqp :: "('a \<Rightarrow> 'a \<Rightarrow> bool) \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> bool" where
"multeqp P N M =
(let Z = M #\<inter> N; X = M - Z; Y = N - Z in
(\<forall>y \<in> set_mset Y. \<exists>x \<in> set_mset X. P y x))"
lemma multp_iff:
assumes "irrefl R" and "trans R" and [simp]: "\<And>x y. P x y \<longleftrightarrow> (x, y) \<in> R"
shows "multp P N M \<longleftrightarrow> (N, M) \<in> mult R" (is "?L \<longleftrightarrow> ?R")
proof -
have *: "M #\<inter> N + (N - M #\<inter> N) = N" "M #\<inter> N + (M - M #\<inter> N) = M"
"(M - M #\<inter> N) #\<inter> (N - M #\<inter> N) = {#}" by (auto simp: count_inject[symmetric])
show ?thesis
proof
assume ?L thus ?R
using one_step_implies_mult[of "M - M #\<inter> N" "N - M #\<inter> N" R "M #\<inter> N"] *
by (auto simp: multp_def Let_def)
next
{ fix I J K :: "'a multiset" assume "(I + J) #\<inter> (I + K) = {#}"
then have "I = {#}" by (metis inter_union_distrib_right union_eq_empty)
} note [dest!] = this
assume ?R thus ?L
using mult_implies_one_step[OF assms(2), of "N - M #\<inter> N" "M - M #\<inter> N"]
mult_cancel_max[OF assms(2,1), of "N" "M"] * by (auto simp: multp_def)
qed
qed
lemma multeqp_iff:
assumes "irrefl R" and "trans R" and "\<And>x y. P x y \<longleftrightarrow> (x, y) \<in> R"
shows "multeqp P N M \<longleftrightarrow> (N, M) \<in> (mult R)\<^sup>="
proof -
{ assume "N \<noteq> M" "M - M #\<inter> N = {#}"
then obtain y where "count N y \<noteq> count M y" by (auto simp: count_inject[symmetric])
then have "\<exists>y. count M y < count N y" using `M - M #\<inter> N = {#}`
by (auto simp: count_inject[symmetric] dest!: le_neq_implies_less fun_cong[of _ _ y])
}
then have "multeqp P N M \<longleftrightarrow> multp P N M \<or> N = M"
by (auto simp: multeqp_def multp_def Let_def in_diff_count)
thus ?thesis using multp_iff[OF assms] by simp
qed
subsubsection \<open>Partial-order properties\<close>
lemma (in preorder) mult1_lessE:
assumes "(N, M) \<in> mult1 {(a, b). a < b}"
obtains a M0 K where "M = add_mset a M0" "N = M0 + K"
"a \<notin># K" "\<And>b. b \<in># K \<Longrightarrow> b < a"
proof -
from assms obtain a M0 K where "M = add_mset a M0" "N = M0 + K" and
*: "b \<in># K \<Longrightarrow> b < a" for b by (blast elim: mult1E)
moreover from * [of a] have "a \<notin># K" by auto
ultimately show thesis by (auto intro: that)
qed
instantiation multiset :: (preorder) order
begin
definition less_multiset :: "'a multiset \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> bool"
where "M' < M \<longleftrightarrow> (M', M) \<in> mult {(x', x). x' < x}"
definition less_eq_multiset :: "'a multiset \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> bool"
where "less_eq_multiset M' M \<longleftrightarrow> M' < M \<or> M' = M"
instance
proof -
have irrefl: "\<not> M < M" for M :: "'a multiset"
proof
assume "M < M"
then have MM: "(M, M) \<in> mult {(x, y). x < y}" by (simp add: less_multiset_def)
have "trans {(x'::'a, x). x' < x}"
by (metis (mono_tags, lifting) case_prodD case_prodI less_trans mem_Collect_eq transI)
moreover note MM
ultimately have "\<exists>I J K. M = I + J \<and> M = I + K
\<and> J \<noteq> {#} \<and> (\<forall>k\<in>set_mset K. \<exists>j\<in>set_mset J. (k, j) \<in> {(x, y). x < y})"
by (rule mult_implies_one_step)
then obtain I J K where "M = I + J" and "M = I + K"
and "J \<noteq> {#}" and "(\<forall>k\<in>set_mset K. \<exists>j\<in>set_mset J. (k, j) \<in> {(x, y). x < y})" by blast
then have *: "K \<noteq> {#}" and **: "\<forall>k\<in>set_mset K. \<exists>j\<in>set_mset K. k < j" by auto
have "finite (set_mset K)" by simp
moreover note **
ultimately have "set_mset K = {}"
by (induct rule: finite_induct) (auto intro: order_less_trans)
with * show False by simp
qed
have trans: "K < M \<Longrightarrow> M < N \<Longrightarrow> K < N" for K M N :: "'a multiset"
unfolding less_multiset_def mult_def by (blast intro: trancl_trans)
show "OFCLASS('a multiset, order_class)"
by standard (auto simp add: less_eq_multiset_def irrefl dest: trans)
qed
end \<comment> \<open>FIXME avoid junk stemming from type class interpretation\<close>
lemma mset_le_irrefl [elim!]:
fixes M :: "'a::preorder multiset"
shows "M < M \<Longrightarrow> R"
by simp
subsubsection \<open>Monotonicity of multiset union\<close>
lemma mult1_union: "(B, D) \<in> mult1 r \<Longrightarrow> (C + B, C + D) \<in> mult1 r"
apply (unfold mult1_def)
apply auto
apply (rule_tac x = a in exI)
apply (rule_tac x = "C + M0" in exI)
apply (simp add: add.assoc)
done
lemma union_le_mono2: "B < D \<Longrightarrow> C + B < C + (D::'a::preorder multiset)"
apply (unfold less_multiset_def mult_def)
apply (erule trancl_induct)
apply (blast intro: mult1_union)
apply (blast intro: mult1_union trancl_trans)
done
lemma union_le_mono1: "B < D \<Longrightarrow> B + C < D + (C::'a::preorder multiset)"
apply (subst add.commute [of B C])
apply (subst add.commute [of D C])
apply (erule union_le_mono2)
done
lemma union_less_mono:
fixes A B C D :: "'a::preorder multiset"
shows "A < C \<Longrightarrow> B < D \<Longrightarrow> A + B < C + D"
by (blast intro!: union_le_mono1 union_le_mono2 less_trans)
instantiation multiset :: (preorder) ordered_ab_semigroup_add
begin
instance
by standard (auto simp add: less_eq_multiset_def intro: union_le_mono2)
end
subsubsection \<open>Termination proofs with multiset orders\<close>
lemma multi_member_skip: "x \<in># XS \<Longrightarrow> x \<in># {# y #} + XS"
and multi_member_this: "x \<in># {# x #} + XS"
and multi_member_last: "x \<in># {# x #}"
by auto
definition "ms_strict = mult pair_less"
definition "ms_weak = ms_strict \<union> Id"
lemma ms_reduction_pair: "reduction_pair (ms_strict, ms_weak)"
unfolding reduction_pair_def ms_strict_def ms_weak_def pair_less_def
by (auto intro: wf_mult1 wf_trancl simp: mult_def)
lemma smsI:
"(set_mset A, set_mset B) \<in> max_strict \<Longrightarrow> (Z + A, Z + B) \<in> ms_strict"
unfolding ms_strict_def
by (rule one_step_implies_mult) (auto simp add: max_strict_def pair_less_def elim!:max_ext.cases)
lemma wmsI:
"(set_mset A, set_mset B) \<in> max_strict \<or> A = {#} \<and> B = {#}
\<Longrightarrow> (Z + A, Z + B) \<in> ms_weak"
unfolding ms_weak_def ms_strict_def
by (auto simp add: pair_less_def max_strict_def elim!:max_ext.cases intro: one_step_implies_mult)
inductive pw_leq
where
pw_leq_empty: "pw_leq {#} {#}"
| pw_leq_step: "\<lbrakk>(x,y) \<in> pair_leq; pw_leq X Y \<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> pw_leq ({#x#} + X) ({#y#} + Y)"
lemma pw_leq_lstep:
"(x, y) \<in> pair_leq \<Longrightarrow> pw_leq {#x#} {#y#}"
by (drule pw_leq_step) (rule pw_leq_empty, simp)
lemma pw_leq_split:
assumes "pw_leq X Y"
shows "\<exists>A B Z. X = A + Z \<and> Y = B + Z \<and> ((set_mset A, set_mset B) \<in> max_strict \<or> (B = {#} \<and> A = {#}))"
using assms
proof induct
case pw_leq_empty thus ?case by auto
next
case (pw_leq_step x y X Y)
then obtain A B Z where
[simp]: "X = A + Z" "Y = B + Z"
and 1[simp]: "(set_mset A, set_mset B) \<in> max_strict \<or> (B = {#} \<and> A = {#})"
by auto
from pw_leq_step consider "x = y" | "(x, y) \<in> pair_less"
unfolding pair_leq_def by auto
thus ?case
proof cases
case [simp]: 1
have "{#x#} + X = A + ({#y#}+Z) \<and> {#y#} + Y = B + ({#y#}+Z) \<and>
((set_mset A, set_mset B) \<in> max_strict \<or> (B = {#} \<and> A = {#}))"
by auto
thus ?thesis by blast
next
case 2
let ?A' = "{#x#} + A" and ?B' = "{#y#} + B"
have "{#x#} + X = ?A' + Z"
"{#y#} + Y = ?B' + Z"
by auto
moreover have
"(set_mset ?A', set_mset ?B') \<in> max_strict"
using 1 2 unfolding max_strict_def
by (auto elim!: max_ext.cases)
ultimately show ?thesis by blast
qed
qed
lemma
assumes pwleq: "pw_leq Z Z'"
shows ms_strictI: "(set_mset A, set_mset B) \<in> max_strict \<Longrightarrow> (Z + A, Z' + B) \<in> ms_strict"
and ms_weakI1: "(set_mset A, set_mset B) \<in> max_strict \<Longrightarrow> (Z + A, Z' + B) \<in> ms_weak"
and ms_weakI2: "(Z + {#}, Z' + {#}) \<in> ms_weak"
proof -
from pw_leq_split[OF pwleq]
obtain A' B' Z''
where [simp]: "Z = A' + Z''" "Z' = B' + Z''"
and mx_or_empty: "(set_mset A', set_mset B') \<in> max_strict \<or> (A' = {#} \<and> B' = {#})"
by blast
{
assume max: "(set_mset A, set_mset B) \<in> max_strict"
from mx_or_empty
have "(Z'' + (A + A'), Z'' + (B + B')) \<in> ms_strict"
proof
assume max': "(set_mset A', set_mset B') \<in> max_strict"
with max have "(set_mset (A + A'), set_mset (B + B')) \<in> max_strict"
by (auto simp: max_strict_def intro: max_ext_additive)
thus ?thesis by (rule smsI)
next
assume [simp]: "A' = {#} \<and> B' = {#}"
show ?thesis by (rule smsI) (auto intro: max)
qed
thus "(Z + A, Z' + B) \<in> ms_strict" by (simp add: ac_simps)
thus "(Z + A, Z' + B) \<in> ms_weak" by (simp add: ms_weak_def)
}
from mx_or_empty
have "(Z'' + A', Z'' + B') \<in> ms_weak" by (rule wmsI)
thus "(Z + {#}, Z' + {#}) \<in> ms_weak" by (simp add: ac_simps)
qed
lemma empty_neutral: "{#} + x = x" "x + {#} = x"
and nonempty_plus: "{# x #} + rs \<noteq> {#}"
and nonempty_single: "{# x #} \<noteq> {#}"
by auto
setup \<open>
let
fun msetT T = Type (@{type_name multiset}, [T]);
fun mk_mset T [] = Const (@{const_abbrev Mempty}, msetT T)
| mk_mset T [x] =
Const (@{const_name add_mset}, T --> msetT T --> msetT T) $ x $
Const (@{const_abbrev Mempty}, msetT T)
| mk_mset T (x :: xs) =
Const (@{const_name plus}, msetT T --> msetT T --> msetT T) $
mk_mset T [x] $ mk_mset T xs
fun mset_member_tac ctxt m i =
if m <= 0 then
resolve_tac ctxt @{thms multi_member_this} i ORELSE
resolve_tac ctxt @{thms multi_member_last} i
else
resolve_tac ctxt @{thms multi_member_skip} i THEN mset_member_tac ctxt (m - 1) i
fun mset_nonempty_tac ctxt =
resolve_tac ctxt @{thms nonempty_plus} ORELSE'
resolve_tac ctxt @{thms nonempty_single}
fun regroup_munion_conv ctxt =
Function_Lib.regroup_conv ctxt @{const_abbrev Mempty} @{const_name plus}
(map (fn t => t RS eq_reflection) (@{thms ac_simps} @ @{thms empty_neutral}))
fun unfold_pwleq_tac ctxt i =
(resolve_tac ctxt @{thms pw_leq_step} i THEN (fn st => unfold_pwleq_tac ctxt (i + 1) st))
ORELSE (resolve_tac ctxt @{thms pw_leq_lstep} i)
ORELSE (resolve_tac ctxt @{thms pw_leq_empty} i)
val set_mset_simps = [@{thm set_mset_empty}, @{thm set_mset_single}, @{thm set_mset_union},
@{thm Un_insert_left}, @{thm Un_empty_left}]
in
ScnpReconstruct.multiset_setup (ScnpReconstruct.Multiset
{
msetT=msetT, mk_mset=mk_mset, mset_regroup_conv=regroup_munion_conv,
mset_member_tac=mset_member_tac, mset_nonempty_tac=mset_nonempty_tac,
mset_pwleq_tac=unfold_pwleq_tac, set_of_simps=set_mset_simps,
smsI'= @{thm ms_strictI}, wmsI2''= @{thm ms_weakI2}, wmsI1= @{thm ms_weakI1},
reduction_pair = @{thm ms_reduction_pair}
})
end
\<close>
subsection \<open>Legacy theorem bindings\<close>
lemmas multi_count_eq = multiset_eq_iff [symmetric]
lemma union_commute: "M + N = N + (M::'a multiset)"
by (fact add.commute)
lemma union_assoc: "(M + N) + K = M + (N + (K::'a multiset))"
by (fact add.assoc)
lemma union_lcomm: "M + (N + K) = N + (M + (K::'a multiset))"
by (fact add.left_commute)
lemmas union_ac = union_assoc union_commute union_lcomm add_mset_commute
lemma union_right_cancel: "M + K = N + K \<longleftrightarrow> M = (N::'a multiset)"
by (fact add_right_cancel)
lemma union_left_cancel: "K + M = K + N \<longleftrightarrow> M = (N::'a multiset)"
by (fact add_left_cancel)
lemma multi_union_self_other_eq: "(A::'a multiset) + X = A + Y \<Longrightarrow> X = Y"
by (fact add_left_imp_eq)
lemma mset_subset_trans: "(M::'a multiset) \<subset># K \<Longrightarrow> K \<subset># N \<Longrightarrow> M \<subset># N"
by (fact subset_mset.less_trans)
lemma multiset_inter_commute: "A #\<inter> B = B #\<inter> A"
by (fact subset_mset.inf.commute)
lemma multiset_inter_assoc: "A #\<inter> (B #\<inter> C) = A #\<inter> B #\<inter> C"
by (fact subset_mset.inf.assoc [symmetric])
lemma multiset_inter_left_commute: "A #\<inter> (B #\<inter> C) = B #\<inter> (A #\<inter> C)"
by (fact subset_mset.inf.left_commute)
lemmas multiset_inter_ac =
multiset_inter_commute
multiset_inter_assoc
multiset_inter_left_commute
lemma mset_le_not_refl: "\<not> M < (M::'a::preorder multiset)"
by (fact less_irrefl)
lemma mset_le_trans: "K < M \<Longrightarrow> M < N \<Longrightarrow> K < (N::'a::preorder multiset)"
by (fact less_trans)
lemma mset_le_not_sym: "M < N \<Longrightarrow> \<not> N < (M::'a::preorder multiset)"
by (fact less_not_sym)
lemma mset_le_asym: "M < N \<Longrightarrow> (\<not> P \<Longrightarrow> N < (M::'a::preorder multiset)) \<Longrightarrow> P"
by (fact less_asym)
declaration \<open>
let
fun multiset_postproc _ maybe_name all_values (T as Type (_, [elem_T])) (Const _ $ t') =
let
val (maybe_opt, ps) =
Nitpick_Model.dest_plain_fun t'
||> op ~~
||> map (apsnd (snd o HOLogic.dest_number))
fun elems_for t =
(case AList.lookup (op =) ps t of
SOME n => replicate n t
| NONE => [Const (maybe_name, elem_T --> elem_T) $ t])
in
(case maps elems_for (all_values elem_T) @
(if maybe_opt then [Const (Nitpick_Model.unrep_mixfix (), elem_T)] else []) of
[] => Const (@{const_name zero_class.zero}, T)
| ts =>
foldl1 (fn (s, t) => Const (@{const_name add_mset}, elem_T --> T --> T) $ s $ t)
ts)
end
| multiset_postproc _ _ _ _ t = t
in Nitpick_Model.register_term_postprocessor @{typ "'a multiset"} multiset_postproc end
\<close>
subsection \<open>Naive implementation using lists\<close>
code_datatype mset
lemma [code]: "{#} = mset []"
by simp
lemma [code]: "add_mset x (mset xs) = mset (x # xs)"
by simp
lemma [code]: "Multiset.is_empty (mset xs) \<longleftrightarrow> List.null xs"
by (simp add: Multiset.is_empty_def List.null_def)
lemma union_code [code]: "mset xs + mset ys = mset (xs @ ys)"
by simp
lemma [code]: "image_mset f (mset xs) = mset (map f xs)"
by simp
lemma [code]: "filter_mset f (mset xs) = mset (filter f xs)"
by (simp add: mset_filter)
lemma [code]: "mset xs - mset ys = mset (fold remove1 ys xs)"
by (rule sym, induct ys arbitrary: xs) (simp_all add: diff_add diff_right_commute diff_diff_add)
lemma [code]:
"mset xs #\<inter> mset ys =
mset (snd (fold (\<lambda>x (ys, zs).
if x \<in> set ys then (remove1 x ys, x # zs) else (ys, zs)) xs (ys, [])))"
proof -
have "\<And>zs. mset (snd (fold (\<lambda>x (ys, zs).
if x \<in> set ys then (remove1 x ys, x # zs) else (ys, zs)) xs (ys, zs))) =
(mset xs #\<inter> mset ys) + mset zs"
by (induct xs arbitrary: ys)
(auto simp add: inter_add_right1 inter_add_right2 ac_simps)
then show ?thesis by simp
qed
lemma [code]:
"mset xs #\<union> mset ys =
mset (case_prod append (fold (\<lambda>x (ys, zs). (remove1 x ys, x # zs)) xs (ys, [])))"
proof -
have "\<And>zs. mset (case_prod append (fold (\<lambda>x (ys, zs). (remove1 x ys, x # zs)) xs (ys, zs))) =
(mset xs #\<union> mset ys) + mset zs"
by (induct xs arbitrary: ys) (simp_all add: multiset_eq_iff)
then show ?thesis by simp
qed
declare in_multiset_in_set [code_unfold]
lemma [code]: "count (mset xs) x = fold (\<lambda>y. if x = y then Suc else id) xs 0"
proof -
have "\<And>n. fold (\<lambda>y. if x = y then Suc else id) xs n = count (mset xs) x + n"
by (induct xs) simp_all
then show ?thesis by simp
qed
declare set_mset_mset [code]
declare sorted_list_of_multiset_mset [code]
lemma [code]: \<comment> \<open>not very efficient, but representation-ignorant!\<close>
"mset_set A = mset (sorted_list_of_set A)"
apply (cases "finite A")
apply simp_all
apply (induct A rule: finite_induct)
apply simp_all
done
declare size_mset [code]
fun subset_eq_mset_impl :: "'a list \<Rightarrow> 'a list \<Rightarrow> bool option" where
"subset_eq_mset_impl [] ys = Some (ys \<noteq> [])"
| "subset_eq_mset_impl (Cons x xs) ys = (case List.extract (op = x) ys of
None \<Rightarrow> None
| Some (ys1,_,ys2) \<Rightarrow> subset_eq_mset_impl xs (ys1 @ ys2))"
lemma subset_eq_mset_impl: "(subset_eq_mset_impl xs ys = None \<longleftrightarrow> \<not> mset xs \<subseteq># mset ys) \<and>
(subset_eq_mset_impl xs ys = Some True \<longleftrightarrow> mset xs \<subset># mset ys) \<and>
(subset_eq_mset_impl xs ys = Some False \<longrightarrow> mset xs = mset ys)"
proof (induct xs arbitrary: ys)
case (Nil ys)
show ?case by (auto simp: mset_subset_empty_nonempty)
next
case (Cons x xs ys)
show ?case
proof (cases "List.extract (op = x) ys")
case None
hence x: "x \<notin> set ys" by (simp add: extract_None_iff)
{
assume "mset (x # xs) \<subseteq># mset ys"
from set_mset_mono[OF this] x have False by simp
} note nle = this
moreover
{
assume "mset (x # xs) \<subset># mset ys"
hence "mset (x # xs) \<subseteq># mset ys" by auto
from nle[OF this] have False .
}
ultimately show ?thesis using None by auto
next
case (Some res)
obtain ys1 y ys2 where res: "res = (ys1,y,ys2)" by (cases res, auto)
note Some = Some[unfolded res]
from extract_SomeE[OF Some] have "ys = ys1 @ x # ys2" by simp
hence id: "mset ys = add_mset x (mset (ys1 @ ys2))"
by auto
show ?thesis unfolding subset_eq_mset_impl.simps
unfolding Some option.simps split
unfolding id
using Cons[of "ys1 @ ys2"]
unfolding subset_mset_def subseteq_mset_def by auto
qed
qed
lemma [code]: "mset xs \<subseteq># mset ys \<longleftrightarrow> subset_eq_mset_impl xs ys \<noteq> None"
using subset_eq_mset_impl[of xs ys] by (cases "subset_eq_mset_impl xs ys", auto)
lemma [code]: "mset xs \<subset># mset ys \<longleftrightarrow> subset_eq_mset_impl xs ys = Some True"
using subset_eq_mset_impl[of xs ys] by (cases "subset_eq_mset_impl xs ys", auto)
instantiation multiset :: (equal) equal
begin
definition
[code del]: "HOL.equal A (B :: 'a multiset) \<longleftrightarrow> A = B"
lemma [code]: "HOL.equal (mset xs) (mset ys) \<longleftrightarrow> subset_eq_mset_impl xs ys = Some False"
unfolding equal_multiset_def
using subset_eq_mset_impl[of xs ys] by (cases "subset_eq_mset_impl xs ys", auto)
instance
by standard (simp add: equal_multiset_def)
end
lemma [code]: "msetsum (mset xs) = listsum xs"
by (induct xs) simp_all
lemma [code]: "msetprod (mset xs) = fold times xs 1"
proof -
have "\<And>x. fold times xs x = msetprod (mset xs) * x"
by (induct xs) (simp_all add: ac_simps)
then show ?thesis by simp
qed
text \<open>
Exercise for the casual reader: add implementations for @{term "op \<le>"}
and @{term "op <"} (multiset order).
\<close>
text \<open>Quickcheck generators\<close>
definition (in term_syntax)
msetify :: "'a::typerep list \<times> (unit \<Rightarrow> Code_Evaluation.term)
\<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<times> (unit \<Rightarrow> Code_Evaluation.term)" where
[code_unfold]: "msetify xs = Code_Evaluation.valtermify mset {\<cdot>} xs"
notation fcomp (infixl "\<circ>>" 60)
notation scomp (infixl "\<circ>\<rightarrow>" 60)
instantiation multiset :: (random) random
begin
definition
"Quickcheck_Random.random i = Quickcheck_Random.random i \<circ>\<rightarrow> (\<lambda>xs. Pair (msetify xs))"
instance ..
end
no_notation fcomp (infixl "\<circ>>" 60)
no_notation scomp (infixl "\<circ>\<rightarrow>" 60)
instantiation multiset :: (full_exhaustive) full_exhaustive
begin
definition full_exhaustive_multiset :: "('a multiset \<times> (unit \<Rightarrow> term) \<Rightarrow> (bool \<times> term list) option) \<Rightarrow> natural \<Rightarrow> (bool \<times> term list) option"
where
"full_exhaustive_multiset f i = Quickcheck_Exhaustive.full_exhaustive (\<lambda>xs. f (msetify xs)) i"
instance ..
end
hide_const (open) msetify
subsection \<open>BNF setup\<close>
definition rel_mset where
"rel_mset R X Y \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>xs ys. mset xs = X \<and> mset ys = Y \<and> list_all2 R xs ys)"
lemma mset_zip_take_Cons_drop_twice:
assumes "length xs = length ys" "j \<le> length xs"
shows "mset (zip (take j xs @ x # drop j xs) (take j ys @ y # drop j ys)) =
add_mset (x,y) (mset (zip xs ys))"
using assms
proof (induct xs ys arbitrary: x y j rule: list_induct2)
case Nil
thus ?case
by simp
next
case (Cons x xs y ys)
thus ?case
proof (cases "j = 0")
case True
thus ?thesis
by simp
next
case False
then obtain k where k: "j = Suc k"
by (cases j) simp
hence "k \<le> length xs"
using Cons.prems by auto
hence "mset (zip (take k xs @ x # drop k xs) (take k ys @ y # drop k ys)) =
add_mset (x,y) (mset (zip xs ys))"
by (rule Cons.hyps(2))
thus ?thesis
unfolding k by auto
qed
qed
lemma ex_mset_zip_left:
assumes "length xs = length ys" "mset xs' = mset xs"
shows "\<exists>ys'. length ys' = length xs' \<and> mset (zip xs' ys') = mset (zip xs ys)"
using assms
proof (induct xs ys arbitrary: xs' rule: list_induct2)
case Nil
thus ?case
by auto
next
case (Cons x xs y ys xs')
obtain j where j_len: "j < length xs'" and nth_j: "xs' ! j = x"
by (metis Cons.prems in_set_conv_nth list.set_intros(1) mset_eq_setD)
define xsa where "xsa = take j xs' @ drop (Suc j) xs'"
have "mset xs' = {#x#} + mset xsa"
unfolding xsa_def using j_len nth_j
by (metis Cons_nth_drop_Suc union_mset_add_mset_right add_mset_remove_trivial add_diff_cancel_left'
append_take_drop_id mset.simps(2) mset_append)
hence ms_x: "mset xsa = mset xs"
by (simp add: Cons.prems)
then obtain ysa where
len_a: "length ysa = length xsa" and ms_a: "mset (zip xsa ysa) = mset (zip xs ys)"
using Cons.hyps(2) by blast
define ys' where "ys' = take j ysa @ y # drop j ysa"
have xs': "xs' = take j xsa @ x # drop j xsa"
using ms_x j_len nth_j Cons.prems xsa_def
by (metis append_eq_append_conv append_take_drop_id diff_Suc_Suc Cons_nth_drop_Suc length_Cons
length_drop size_mset)
have j_len': "j \<le> length xsa"
using j_len xs' xsa_def
by (metis add_Suc_right append_take_drop_id length_Cons length_append less_eq_Suc_le not_less)
have "length ys' = length xs'"
unfolding ys'_def using Cons.prems len_a ms_x
by (metis add_Suc_right append_take_drop_id length_Cons length_append mset_eq_length)
moreover have "mset (zip xs' ys') = mset (zip (x # xs) (y # ys))"
unfolding xs' ys'_def
by (rule trans[OF mset_zip_take_Cons_drop_twice])
(auto simp: len_a ms_a j_len')
ultimately show ?case
by blast
qed
lemma list_all2_reorder_left_invariance:
assumes rel: "list_all2 R xs ys" and ms_x: "mset xs' = mset xs"
shows "\<exists>ys'. list_all2 R xs' ys' \<and> mset ys' = mset ys"
proof -
have len: "length xs = length ys"
using rel list_all2_conv_all_nth by auto
obtain ys' where
len': "length xs' = length ys'" and ms_xy: "mset (zip xs' ys') = mset (zip xs ys)"
using len ms_x by (metis ex_mset_zip_left)
have "list_all2 R xs' ys'"
using assms(1) len' ms_xy unfolding list_all2_iff by (blast dest: mset_eq_setD)
moreover have "mset ys' = mset ys"
using len len' ms_xy map_snd_zip mset_map by metis
ultimately show ?thesis
by blast
qed
lemma ex_mset: "\<exists>xs. mset xs = X"
by (induct X) (simp, metis mset.simps(2))
inductive pred_mset :: "('a \<Rightarrow> bool) \<Rightarrow> 'a multiset \<Rightarrow> bool"
where
"pred_mset P {#}"
| "\<lbrakk>P a; pred_mset P M\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> pred_mset P (add_mset a M)"
bnf "'a multiset"
map: image_mset
sets: set_mset
bd: natLeq
wits: "{#}"
rel: rel_mset
pred: pred_mset
proof -
show "image_mset id = id"
by (rule image_mset.id)
show "image_mset (g \<circ> f) = image_mset g \<circ> image_mset f" for f g
unfolding comp_def by (rule ext) (simp add: comp_def image_mset.compositionality)
show "(\<And>z. z \<in> set_mset X \<Longrightarrow> f z = g z) \<Longrightarrow> image_mset f X = image_mset g X" for f g X
by (induct X) simp_all
show "set_mset \<circ> image_mset f = op ` f \<circ> set_mset" for f
by auto
show "card_order natLeq"
by (rule natLeq_card_order)
show "BNF_Cardinal_Arithmetic.cinfinite natLeq"
by (rule natLeq_cinfinite)
show "ordLeq3 (card_of (set_mset X)) natLeq" for X
by transfer
(auto intro!: ordLess_imp_ordLeq simp: finite_iff_ordLess_natLeq[symmetric] multiset_def)
show "rel_mset R OO rel_mset S \<le> rel_mset (R OO S)" for R S
unfolding rel_mset_def[abs_def] OO_def
apply clarify
subgoal for X Z Y xs ys' ys zs
apply (drule list_all2_reorder_left_invariance [where xs = ys' and ys = zs and xs' = ys])
apply (auto intro: list_all2_trans)
done
done
show "rel_mset R =
(\<lambda>x y. \<exists>z. set_mset z \<subseteq> {(x, y). R x y} \<and>
image_mset fst z = x \<and> image_mset snd z = y)" for R
unfolding rel_mset_def[abs_def]
apply (rule ext)+
apply safe
apply (rule_tac x = "mset (zip xs ys)" in exI;
auto simp: in_set_zip list_all2_iff mset_map[symmetric])
apply (rename_tac XY)
apply (cut_tac X = XY in ex_mset)
apply (erule exE)
apply (rename_tac xys)
apply (rule_tac x = "map fst xys" in exI)
apply (auto simp: mset_map)
apply (rule_tac x = "map snd xys" in exI)
apply (auto simp: mset_map list_all2I subset_eq zip_map_fst_snd)
done
show "z \<in> set_mset {#} \<Longrightarrow> False" for z
by auto
show "pred_mset P = (\<lambda>x. Ball (set_mset x) P)" for P
proof (intro ext iffI)
fix x
assume "pred_mset P x"
then show "Ball (set_mset x) P" by (induct pred: pred_mset; simp)
next
fix x
assume "Ball (set_mset x) P"
then show "pred_mset P x" by (induct x; auto intro: pred_mset.intros)
qed
qed
inductive rel_mset'
where
Zero[intro]: "rel_mset' R {#} {#}"
| Plus[intro]: "\<lbrakk>R a b; rel_mset' R M N\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> rel_mset' R (add_mset a M) (add_mset b N)"
lemma rel_mset_Zero: "rel_mset R {#} {#}"
unfolding rel_mset_def Grp_def by auto
declare multiset.count[simp]
declare Abs_multiset_inverse[simp]
declare multiset.count_inverse[simp]
declare union_preserves_multiset[simp]
lemma rel_mset_Plus:
assumes ab: "R a b"
and MN: "rel_mset R M N"
shows "rel_mset R (add_mset a M) (add_mset b N)"
proof -
have "\<exists>ya. add_mset a (image_mset fst y) = image_mset fst ya \<and>
add_mset b (image_mset snd y) = image_mset snd ya \<and>
set_mset ya \<subseteq> {(x, y). R x y}"
if "R a b" and "set_mset y \<subseteq> {(x, y). R x y}" for y
using that by (intro exI[of _ "add_mset (a,b) y"]) auto
thus ?thesis
using assms
unfolding multiset.rel_compp_Grp Grp_def by blast
qed
lemma rel_mset'_imp_rel_mset: "rel_mset' R M N \<Longrightarrow> rel_mset R M N"
by (induct rule: rel_mset'.induct) (auto simp: rel_mset_Zero rel_mset_Plus)
lemma rel_mset_size: "rel_mset R M N \<Longrightarrow> size M = size N"
unfolding multiset.rel_compp_Grp Grp_def by auto
lemma multiset_induct2[case_names empty addL addR]:
assumes empty: "P {#} {#}"
and addL: "\<And>a M N. P M N \<Longrightarrow> P (add_mset a M) N"
and addR: "\<And>a M N. P M N \<Longrightarrow> P M (add_mset a N)"
shows "P M N"
apply(induct N rule: multiset_induct)
apply(induct M rule: multiset_induct, rule empty, erule addL)
apply(induct M rule: multiset_induct, erule addR, erule addR)
done
lemma multiset_induct2_size[consumes 1, case_names empty add]:
assumes c: "size M = size N"
and empty: "P {#} {#}"
and add: "\<And>a b M N a b. P M N \<Longrightarrow> P (add_mset a M) (add_mset b N)"
shows "P M N"
using c
proof (induct M arbitrary: N rule: measure_induct_rule[of size])
case (less M)
show ?case
proof(cases "M = {#}")
case True hence "N = {#}" using less.prems by auto
thus ?thesis using True empty by auto
next
case False then obtain M1 a where M: "M = add_mset a M1" by (metis multi_nonempty_split)
have "N \<noteq> {#}" using False less.prems by auto
then obtain N1 b where N: "N = add_mset b N1" by (metis multi_nonempty_split)
have "size M1 = size N1" using less.prems unfolding M N by auto
thus ?thesis using M N less.hyps add by auto
qed
qed
lemma msed_map_invL:
assumes "image_mset f (add_mset a M) = N"
shows "\<exists>N1. N = add_mset (f a) N1 \<and> image_mset f M = N1"
proof -
have "f a \<in># N"
using assms multiset.set_map[of f "add_mset a M"] by auto
then obtain N1 where N: "N = add_mset (f a) N1" using multi_member_split by metis
have "image_mset f M = N1" using assms unfolding N by simp
thus ?thesis using N by blast
qed
lemma msed_map_invR:
assumes "image_mset f M = add_mset b N"
shows "\<exists>M1 a. M = add_mset a M1 \<and> f a = b \<and> image_mset f M1 = N"
proof -
obtain a where a: "a \<in># M" and fa: "f a = b"
using multiset.set_map[of f M] unfolding assms
by (metis image_iff union_single_eq_member)
then obtain M1 where M: "M = add_mset a M1" using multi_member_split by metis
have "image_mset f M1 = N" using assms unfolding M fa[symmetric] by simp
thus ?thesis using M fa by blast
qed
lemma msed_rel_invL:
assumes "rel_mset R (add_mset a M) N"
shows "\<exists>N1 b. N = add_mset b N1 \<and> R a b \<and> rel_mset R M N1"
proof -
obtain K where KM: "image_mset fst K = add_mset a M"
and KN: "image_mset snd K = N" and sK: "set_mset K \<subseteq> {(a, b). R a b}"
using assms
unfolding multiset.rel_compp_Grp Grp_def by auto
obtain K1 ab where K: "K = add_mset ab K1" and a: "fst ab = a"
and K1M: "image_mset fst K1 = M" using msed_map_invR[OF KM] by auto
obtain N1 where N: "N = add_mset (snd ab) N1" and K1N1: "image_mset snd K1 = N1"
using msed_map_invL[OF KN[unfolded K]] by auto
have Rab: "R a (snd ab)" using sK a unfolding K by auto
have "rel_mset R M N1" using sK K1M K1N1
unfolding K multiset.rel_compp_Grp Grp_def by auto
thus ?thesis using N Rab by auto
qed
lemma msed_rel_invR:
assumes "rel_mset R M (add_mset b N)"
shows "\<exists>M1 a. M = add_mset a M1 \<and> R a b \<and> rel_mset R M1 N"
proof -
obtain K where KN: "image_mset snd K = add_mset b N"
and KM: "image_mset fst K = M" and sK: "set_mset K \<subseteq> {(a, b). R a b}"
using assms
unfolding multiset.rel_compp_Grp Grp_def by auto
obtain K1 ab where K: "K = add_mset ab K1" and b: "snd ab = b"
and K1N: "image_mset snd K1 = N" using msed_map_invR[OF KN] by auto
obtain M1 where M: "M = add_mset (fst ab) M1" and K1M1: "image_mset fst K1 = M1"
using msed_map_invL[OF KM[unfolded K]] by auto
have Rab: "R (fst ab) b" using sK b unfolding K by auto
have "rel_mset R M1 N" using sK K1N K1M1
unfolding K multiset.rel_compp_Grp Grp_def by auto
thus ?thesis using M Rab by auto
qed
lemma rel_mset_imp_rel_mset':
assumes "rel_mset R M N"
shows "rel_mset' R M N"
using assms proof(induct M arbitrary: N rule: measure_induct_rule[of size])
case (less M)
have c: "size M = size N" using rel_mset_size[OF less.prems] .
show ?case
proof(cases "M = {#}")
case True hence "N = {#}" using c by simp
thus ?thesis using True rel_mset'.Zero by auto
next
case False then obtain M1 a where M: "M = add_mset a M1" by (metis multi_nonempty_split)
obtain N1 b where N: "N = add_mset b N1" and R: "R a b" and ms: "rel_mset R M1 N1"
using msed_rel_invL[OF less.prems[unfolded M]] by auto
have "rel_mset' R M1 N1" using less.hyps[of M1 N1] ms unfolding M by simp
thus ?thesis using rel_mset'.Plus[of R a b, OF R] unfolding M N by simp
qed
qed
lemma rel_mset_rel_mset': "rel_mset R M N = rel_mset' R M N"
using rel_mset_imp_rel_mset' rel_mset'_imp_rel_mset by auto
text \<open>The main end product for @{const rel_mset}: inductive characterization:\<close>
lemmas rel_mset_induct[case_names empty add, induct pred: rel_mset] =
rel_mset'.induct[unfolded rel_mset_rel_mset'[symmetric]]
subsection \<open>Size setup\<close>
lemma multiset_size_o_map: "size_multiset g \<circ> image_mset f = size_multiset (g \<circ> f)"
apply (rule ext)
subgoal for x by (induct x) auto
done
setup \<open>
BNF_LFP_Size.register_size_global @{type_name multiset} @{const_name size_multiset}
@{thm size_multiset_overloaded_def}
@{thms size_multiset_empty size_multiset_single size_multiset_union size_empty size_single
size_union}
@{thms multiset_size_o_map}
\<close>
hide_const (open) wcount
end