(* Title: HOL/Library/Permutation.thy
ID: $Id$
Author: Lawrence C Paulson, Cambridge University Computer Laboratory
Copyright 1995 University of Cambridge
TODO: it would be nice to prove (for "multiset", defined on
HOL/ex/Sorting.thy) xs <~~> ys = (\<forall>x. multiset xs x = multiset ys x)
*)
header {*
\title{Permutations}
\author{Lawrence C Paulson and Thomas M Rasmussen}
*}
theory Permutation = Main:
consts
perm :: "('a list * 'a list) set"
syntax
"_perm" :: "'a list => 'a list => bool" ("_ <~~> _" [50, 50] 50)
translations
"x <~~> y" == "(x, y) \<in> perm"
inductive perm
intros
Nil [intro!]: "[] <~~> []"
swap [intro!]: "y # x # l <~~> x # y # l"
Cons [intro!]: "xs <~~> ys ==> z # xs <~~> z # ys"
trans [intro]: "xs <~~> ys ==> ys <~~> zs ==> xs <~~> zs"
lemma perm_refl [iff]: "l <~~> l"
apply (induct l)
apply auto
done
subsection {* Some examples of rule induction on permutations *}
lemma xperm_empty_imp_aux: "xs <~~> ys ==> xs = [] --> ys = []"
-- {* the form of the premise lets the induction bind @{term xs} and @{term ys} *}
apply (erule perm.induct)
apply (simp_all (no_asm_simp))
done
lemma xperm_empty_imp: "[] <~~> ys ==> ys = []"
apply (insert xperm_empty_imp_aux)
apply blast
done
text {*
\medskip This more general theorem is easier to understand!
*}
lemma perm_length: "xs <~~> ys ==> length xs = length ys"
apply (erule perm.induct)
apply simp_all
done
lemma perm_empty_imp: "[] <~~> xs ==> xs = []"
apply (drule perm_length)
apply auto
done
lemma perm_sym: "xs <~~> ys ==> ys <~~> xs"
apply (erule perm.induct)
apply auto
done
lemma perm_mem [rule_format]: "xs <~~> ys ==> x mem xs --> x mem ys"
apply (erule perm.induct)
apply auto
done
subsection {* Ways of making new permutations *}
text {*
We can insert the head anywhere in the list.
*}
lemma perm_append_Cons: "a # xs @ ys <~~> xs @ a # ys"
apply (induct xs)
apply auto
done
lemma perm_append_swap: "xs @ ys <~~> ys @ xs"
apply (induct xs)
apply simp_all
apply (blast intro: perm_append_Cons)
done
lemma perm_append_single: "a # xs <~~> xs @ [a]"
apply (rule perm.trans)
prefer 2
apply (rule perm_append_swap)
apply simp
done
lemma perm_rev: "rev xs <~~> xs"
apply (induct xs)
apply simp_all
apply (blast intro!: perm_append_single intro: perm_sym)
done
lemma perm_append1: "xs <~~> ys ==> l @ xs <~~> l @ ys"
apply (induct l)
apply auto
done
lemma perm_append2: "xs <~~> ys ==> xs @ l <~~> ys @ l"
apply (blast intro!: perm_append_swap perm_append1)
done
subsection {* Further results *}
lemma perm_empty [iff]: "([] <~~> xs) = (xs = [])"
apply (blast intro: perm_empty_imp)
done
lemma perm_empty2 [iff]: "(xs <~~> []) = (xs = [])"
apply auto
apply (erule perm_sym [THEN perm_empty_imp])
done
lemma perm_sing_imp [rule_format]: "ys <~~> xs ==> xs = [y] --> ys = [y]"
apply (erule perm.induct)
apply auto
done
lemma perm_sing_eq [iff]: "(ys <~~> [y]) = (ys = [y])"
apply (blast intro: perm_sing_imp)
done
lemma perm_sing_eq2 [iff]: "([y] <~~> ys) = (ys = [y])"
apply (blast dest: perm_sym)
done
subsection {* Removing elements *}
consts
remove :: "'a => 'a list => 'a list"
primrec
"remove x [] = []"
"remove x (y # ys) = (if x = y then ys else y # remove x ys)"
lemma perm_remove: "x \<in> set ys ==> ys <~~> x # remove x ys"
apply (induct ys)
apply auto
done
lemma remove_commute: "remove x (remove y l) = remove y (remove x l)"
apply (induct l)
apply auto
done
text {* \medskip Congruence rule *}
lemma perm_remove_perm: "xs <~~> ys ==> remove z xs <~~> remove z ys"
apply (erule perm.induct)
apply auto
done
lemma remove_hd [simp]: "remove z (z # xs) = xs"
apply auto
done
lemma cons_perm_imp_perm: "z # xs <~~> z # ys ==> xs <~~> ys"
apply (drule_tac z = z in perm_remove_perm)
apply auto
done
lemma cons_perm_eq [iff]: "(z#xs <~~> z#ys) = (xs <~~> ys)"
apply (blast intro: cons_perm_imp_perm)
done
lemma append_perm_imp_perm: "!!xs ys. zs @ xs <~~> zs @ ys ==> xs <~~> ys"
apply (induct zs rule: rev_induct)
apply (simp_all (no_asm_use))
apply blast
done
lemma perm_append1_eq [iff]: "(zs @ xs <~~> zs @ ys) = (xs <~~> ys)"
apply (blast intro: append_perm_imp_perm perm_append1)
done
lemma perm_append2_eq [iff]: "(xs @ zs <~~> ys @ zs) = (xs <~~> ys)"
apply (safe intro!: perm_append2)
apply (rule append_perm_imp_perm)
apply (rule perm_append_swap [THEN perm.trans])
-- {* the previous step helps this @{text blast} call succeed quickly *}
apply (blast intro: perm_append_swap)
done
end