obsolete type sg is now an alias for Context.theory;
authorwenzelm
Fri, 17 Jun 2005 18:33:27 +0200
changeset 16442 1171ecf7fb7e
parent 16441 92a8a25e53c5
child 16443 82a116532e3e
obsolete type sg is now an alias for Context.theory; code and interfaces related to stamps and data now in context.ML; actual signature content declared as theory data; removed type sg_ref (superceded by theory_ref); signature SIGN_THEORY lists theory operations that are duplicated in Theory;
src/Pure/sign.ML
--- a/src/Pure/sign.ML	Fri Jun 17 18:33:26 2005 +0200
+++ b/src/Pure/sign.ML	Fri Jun 17 18:33:27 2005 +0200
@@ -2,482 +2,256 @@
     ID:         $Id$
     Author:     Lawrence C Paulson and Markus Wenzel
 
-The abstract type "sg" of signatures.
+Logical signature content: naming conventions, concrete syntax, type
+signature, constant declarations.
 *)
 
-signature SIGN =
+signature SIGN_THEORY =
 sig
-  type sg
-  type sg_ref
-  type data
-  val rep_sg: sg ->
-   {self: sg_ref,
-    tsig: Type.tsig,
-    consts: (typ * stamp) NameSpace.table,
-    naming: NameSpace.naming,
-    data: data}
-  val stamp_names_of: sg -> string list
-  val exists_stamp: string -> sg -> bool
-  val pretty_sg: sg -> Pretty.T
-  val pprint_sg: sg -> pprint_args -> unit
-  val pretty_abbrev_sg: sg -> Pretty.T
-  val str_of_sg: sg -> string
-  val is_stale: sg -> bool
-  val self_ref: sg -> sg_ref
-  val deref: sg_ref -> sg
-  val name_of: sg -> string
-  val is_draft: sg -> bool
-  val eq_sg: sg * sg -> bool
-  val subsig: sg * sg -> bool
-  val same_sg: sg * sg -> bool
-  val joinable: sg * sg -> bool
-  val prep_ext: sg -> sg
-  val copy: sg -> sg
-  val add_name: string -> sg -> sg
-  val data_kinds: data -> string list
-  val print_all_data: sg -> unit
-  val pre_pure: sg
-  val PureN: string
-  val CPureN: string
-  val naming_of: sg -> NameSpace.naming
-  val base_name: string -> bstring
-  val full_name: sg -> bstring -> string
-  val full_name_path: sg -> string -> bstring -> string
-  val declare_name: sg -> string -> NameSpace.T -> NameSpace.T
-  val syn_of: sg -> Syntax.syntax
-  val tsig_of: sg -> Type.tsig
-  val classes: sg -> class list
-  val defaultS: sg -> sort
-  val subsort: sg -> sort * sort -> bool
-  val of_sort: sg -> typ * sort -> bool
-  val witness_sorts: sg -> sort list -> sort list -> (typ * sort) list
-  val universal_witness: sg -> (typ * sort) option
-  val typ_instance: sg -> typ * typ -> bool
-  val is_logtype: sg -> string -> bool
-  val const_type: sg -> string -> typ option
-  val the_const_type: sg -> string -> typ
-  val declared_tyname: sg -> string -> bool
-  val declared_const: sg -> string -> bool
-  val class_space: sg -> NameSpace.T
-  val type_space: sg -> NameSpace.T
-  val const_space: sg -> NameSpace.T
-  val intern_class: sg -> xstring -> string
-  val extern_class: sg -> string -> xstring
-  val intern_type: sg -> xstring -> string
-  val extern_type: sg -> string -> xstring
-  val intern_const: sg -> xstring -> string
-  val extern_const: sg -> string -> xstring
-  val intern_sort: sg -> sort -> sort
-  val extern_sort: sg -> sort -> sort
-  val intern_typ: sg -> typ -> typ
-  val extern_typ: sg -> typ -> typ
-  val intern_term: sg -> term -> term
-  val extern_term: sg -> term -> term
-  val intern_tycons: sg -> typ -> typ
-  val pretty_term': Syntax.syntax -> sg -> term -> Pretty.T
-  val pretty_term: sg -> term -> Pretty.T
-  val pretty_typ: sg -> typ -> Pretty.T
-  val pretty_sort: sg -> sort -> Pretty.T
-  val pretty_classrel: sg -> class list -> Pretty.T
-  val pretty_arity: sg -> arity -> Pretty.T
-  val string_of_term: sg -> term -> string
-  val string_of_typ: sg -> typ -> string
-  val string_of_sort: sg -> sort -> string
-  val string_of_classrel: sg -> class list -> string
-  val string_of_arity: sg -> arity -> string
-  val pprint_term: sg -> term -> pprint_args -> unit
-  val pprint_typ: sg -> typ -> pprint_args -> unit
-  val pp: sg -> Pretty.pp
-  val certify_class: sg -> class -> class
-  val certify_sort: sg -> sort -> sort
-  val certify_typ: sg -> typ -> typ
-  val certify_typ_syntax: sg -> typ -> typ
-  val certify_typ_abbrev: sg -> typ -> typ
-  val certify_term: Pretty.pp -> sg -> term -> term * typ * int
-  val read_sort': Syntax.syntax -> sg -> string -> sort
-  val read_sort: sg -> string -> sort
-  val read_typ': Syntax.syntax -> sg * (indexname -> sort option) -> string -> typ
-  val read_typ_syntax': Syntax.syntax -> sg * (indexname -> sort option) -> string -> typ
-  val read_typ_abbrev': Syntax.syntax -> sg * (indexname -> sort option) -> string -> typ
-  val read_typ: sg * (indexname -> sort option) -> string -> typ
-  val read_typ_syntax: sg * (indexname -> sort option) -> string -> typ
-  val read_typ_abbrev: sg * (indexname -> sort option) -> string -> typ
-  val read_tyname: sg -> string -> typ
-  val read_const: sg -> string -> term
-  val infer_types_simult: Pretty.pp -> sg -> (indexname -> typ option) ->
-    (indexname -> sort option) -> string list -> bool
-    -> (term list * typ) list -> term list * (indexname * typ) list
-  val infer_types: Pretty.pp -> sg -> (indexname -> typ option) ->
-    (indexname -> sort option) -> string list -> bool
-    -> term list * typ -> term * (indexname * typ) list
-  val read_def_terms': Pretty.pp -> (string -> bool) -> Syntax.syntax ->
-    sg * (indexname -> typ option) * (indexname -> sort option) ->
-    string list -> bool -> (string * typ) list -> term list * (indexname * typ) list
-  val read_def_terms:
-    sg * (indexname -> typ option) * (indexname -> sort option) ->
-    string list -> bool -> (string * typ) list -> term list * (indexname * typ) list
-  val simple_read_term: sg -> typ -> string -> term
-  val add_defsort: string -> sg -> sg
-  val add_defsort_i: sort -> sg -> sg
-  val add_types: (bstring * int * mixfix) list -> sg -> sg
-  val add_nonterminals: bstring list -> sg -> sg
-  val add_tyabbrs: (bstring * string list * string * mixfix) list -> sg -> sg
-  val add_tyabbrs_i: (bstring * string list * typ * mixfix) list -> sg -> sg
-  val add_arities: (xstring * string list * string) list -> sg -> sg
-  val add_arities_i: (string * sort list * sort) list -> sg -> sg
-  val add_syntax: (bstring * string * mixfix) list -> sg -> sg
-  val add_syntax_i: (bstring * typ * mixfix) list -> sg -> sg
-  val add_modesyntax: (string * bool) * (bstring * string * mixfix) list -> sg -> sg
-  val add_modesyntax_i: (string * bool) * (bstring * typ * mixfix) list -> sg -> sg
-  val del_modesyntax: (string * bool) * (bstring * string * mixfix) list -> sg -> sg
-  val del_modesyntax_i: (string * bool) * (bstring * typ * mixfix) list -> sg -> sg
-  val add_consts: (bstring * string * mixfix) list -> sg -> sg
-  val add_consts_i: (bstring * typ * mixfix) list -> sg -> sg
-  val const_of_class: class -> string
-  val class_of_const: string -> class
-  val add_classes: (bstring * xstring list) list -> sg -> sg
-  val add_classes_i: (bstring * class list) list -> sg -> sg
-  val add_classrel: (xstring * xstring) list -> sg -> sg
-  val add_classrel_i: (class * class) list -> sg -> sg
+  val add_defsort: string -> theory -> theory
+  val add_defsort_i: sort -> theory -> theory
+  val add_types: (bstring * int * mixfix) list -> theory -> theory
+  val add_typedecls: (bstring * string list * mixfix) list -> theory -> theory
+  val add_nonterminals: bstring list -> theory -> theory
+  val add_tyabbrs: (bstring * string list * string * mixfix) list -> theory -> theory
+  val add_tyabbrs_i: (bstring * string list * typ * mixfix) list -> theory -> theory
+  val add_arities: (xstring * string list * string) list -> theory -> theory
+  val add_arities_i: (string * sort list * sort) list -> theory -> theory
+  val add_syntax: (bstring * string * mixfix) list -> theory -> theory
+  val add_syntax_i: (bstring * typ * mixfix) list -> theory -> theory
+  val add_modesyntax: (string * bool) -> (bstring * string * mixfix) list -> theory -> theory
+  val add_modesyntax_i: (string * bool) -> (bstring * typ * mixfix) list -> theory -> theory
+  val del_modesyntax: (string * bool) -> (bstring * string * mixfix) list -> theory -> theory
+  val del_modesyntax_i: (string * bool) -> (bstring * typ * mixfix) list -> theory -> theory
+  val add_consts: (bstring * string * mixfix) list -> theory -> theory
+  val add_consts_i: (bstring * typ * mixfix) list -> theory -> theory
+  val add_classes: (bstring * xstring list) list -> theory -> theory
+  val add_classes_i: (bstring * class list) list -> theory -> theory
+  val add_classrel: (xstring * xstring) list -> theory -> theory
+  val add_classrel_i: (class * class) list -> theory -> theory
   val add_trfuns:
     (string * (ast list -> ast)) list *
     (string * (term list -> term)) list *
     (string * (term list -> term)) list *
-    (string * (ast list -> ast)) list -> sg -> sg
+    (string * (ast list -> ast)) list -> theory -> theory
   val add_trfunsT:
-    (string * (bool -> typ -> term list -> term)) list -> sg -> sg
+    (string * (bool -> typ -> term list -> term)) list -> theory -> theory
   val add_advanced_trfuns:
-    (string * (sg -> ast list -> ast)) list *
-    (string * (sg -> term list -> term)) list *
-    (string * (sg -> term list -> term)) list *
-    (string * (sg -> ast list -> ast)) list -> sg -> sg
+    (string * (theory -> ast list -> ast)) list *
+    (string * (theory -> term list -> term)) list *
+    (string * (theory -> term list -> term)) list *
+    (string * (theory -> ast list -> ast)) list -> theory -> theory
   val add_advanced_trfunsT:
-    (string * (sg -> bool -> typ -> term list -> term)) list -> sg -> sg
+    (string * (theory -> bool -> typ -> term list -> term)) list -> theory -> theory
   val add_tokentrfuns:
-    (string * string * (string -> string * real)) list -> sg -> sg
-  val add_trrules: (xstring * string) Syntax.trrule list -> sg -> sg
-  val add_trrules_i: ast Syntax.trrule list -> sg -> sg
-  val add_path: string -> sg -> sg
-  val qualified_names: sg -> sg
-  val no_base_names: sg -> sg
-  val custom_accesses: (string list -> string list list) -> sg -> sg
-  val set_policy: (string -> bstring -> string) * (string list -> string list list) -> sg -> sg
-  val restore_naming: sg -> sg -> sg
-  val hide_classes: bool -> xstring list -> sg -> sg
-  val hide_classes_i: bool -> string list -> sg -> sg
-  val hide_types: bool -> xstring list -> sg -> sg
-  val hide_types_i: bool -> string list -> sg -> sg
-  val hide_consts: bool -> xstring list -> sg -> sg
-  val hide_consts_i: bool -> string list -> sg -> sg
-  val merge_refs: sg_ref * sg_ref -> sg_ref
-  val merge: sg * sg -> sg
-  val prep_ext_merge: sg list -> sg
-end;
+    (string * string * (string -> string * real)) list -> theory -> theory
+  val add_mode_tokentrfuns: string -> (string * (string -> string * real)) list
+    -> theory -> theory
+  val add_trrules: (xstring * string) Syntax.trrule list -> theory -> theory
+  val add_trrules_i: ast Syntax.trrule list -> theory -> theory
+  val add_path: string -> theory -> theory
+  val parent_path: theory -> theory
+  val root_path: theory -> theory
+  val absolute_path: theory -> theory
+  val local_path: theory -> theory
+  val qualified_names: theory -> theory
+  val no_base_names: theory -> theory
+  val custom_accesses: (string list -> string list list) -> theory -> theory
+  val set_policy: (string -> bstring -> string) * (string list -> string list list) ->
+    theory -> theory
+  val restore_naming: theory -> theory -> theory
+  val hide_classes: bool -> xstring list -> theory -> theory
+  val hide_classes_i: bool -> string list -> theory -> theory
+  val hide_types: bool -> xstring list -> theory -> theory
+  val hide_types_i: bool -> string list -> theory -> theory
+  val hide_consts: bool -> xstring list -> theory -> theory
+  val hide_consts_i: bool -> string list -> theory -> theory
+end
 
-signature PRIVATE_SIGN =
+signature SIGN =
 sig
-  include SIGN
-  val init_data: Object.kind * (Object.T * (Object.T -> Object.T) * (Object.T -> Object.T) *
-    (Object.T * Object.T -> Object.T) * (sg -> Object.T -> unit)) -> sg -> sg
-  val get_data: Object.kind -> (Object.T -> 'a) -> sg -> 'a
-  val put_data: Object.kind -> ('a -> Object.T) -> 'a -> sg -> sg
-  val print_data: Object.kind -> sg -> unit
-end;
+  type syn
+  type sg    (*obsolete*)
+  val init: theory -> theory
+  val rep_sg: theory ->
+   {naming: NameSpace.naming,
+    syn: syn,
+    tsig: Type.tsig,
+    consts: (typ * stamp) NameSpace.table}
+  val naming_of: theory -> NameSpace.naming
+  val base_name: string -> bstring
+  val full_name: theory -> bstring -> string
+  val full_name_path: theory -> string -> bstring -> string
+  val declare_name: theory -> string -> NameSpace.T -> NameSpace.T
+  val syn_of: theory -> Syntax.syntax
+  val tsig_of: theory -> Type.tsig
+  val classes: theory -> class list
+  val defaultS: theory -> sort
+  val subsort: theory -> sort * sort -> bool
+  val of_sort: theory -> typ * sort -> bool
+  val witness_sorts: theory -> sort list -> sort list -> (typ * sort) list
+  val universal_witness: theory -> (typ * sort) option
+  val typ_instance: theory -> typ * typ -> bool
+  val is_logtype: theory -> string -> bool
+  val const_type: theory -> string -> typ option
+  val the_const_type: theory -> string -> typ
+  val declared_tyname: theory -> string -> bool
+  val declared_const: theory -> string -> bool
+  val class_space: theory -> NameSpace.T
+  val type_space: theory -> NameSpace.T
+  val const_space: theory -> NameSpace.T
+  val intern_class: theory -> xstring -> string
+  val extern_class: theory -> string -> xstring
+  val intern_type: theory -> xstring -> string
+  val extern_type: theory -> string -> xstring
+  val intern_const: theory -> xstring -> string
+  val extern_const: theory -> string -> xstring
+  val intern_sort: theory -> sort -> sort
+  val extern_sort: theory -> sort -> sort
+  val intern_typ: theory -> typ -> typ
+  val extern_typ: theory -> typ -> typ
+  val intern_term: theory -> term -> term
+  val extern_term: theory -> term -> term
+  val intern_tycons: theory -> typ -> typ
+  val pretty_term': Syntax.syntax -> theory -> term -> Pretty.T
+  val pretty_term: theory -> term -> Pretty.T
+  val pretty_typ: theory -> typ -> Pretty.T
+  val pretty_sort: theory -> sort -> Pretty.T
+  val pretty_classrel: theory -> class list -> Pretty.T
+  val pretty_arity: theory -> arity -> Pretty.T
+  val string_of_term: theory -> term -> string
+  val string_of_typ: theory -> typ -> string
+  val string_of_sort: theory -> sort -> string
+  val string_of_classrel: theory -> class list -> string
+  val string_of_arity: theory -> arity -> string
+  val pprint_term: theory -> term -> pprint_args -> unit
+  val pprint_typ: theory -> typ -> pprint_args -> unit
+  val pp: theory -> Pretty.pp
+  val certify_class: theory -> class -> class
+  val certify_sort: theory -> sort -> sort
+  val certify_typ: theory -> typ -> typ
+  val certify_typ_syntax: theory -> typ -> typ
+  val certify_typ_abbrev: theory -> typ -> typ
+  val certify_term: Pretty.pp -> theory -> term -> term * typ * int
+  val read_sort': Syntax.syntax -> theory -> string -> sort
+  val read_sort: theory -> string -> sort
+  val read_typ': Syntax.syntax -> theory * (indexname -> sort option) -> string -> typ
+  val read_typ_syntax': Syntax.syntax -> theory * (indexname -> sort option) -> string -> typ
+  val read_typ_abbrev': Syntax.syntax -> theory * (indexname -> sort option) -> string -> typ
+  val read_typ: theory * (indexname -> sort option) -> string -> typ
+  val read_typ_syntax: theory * (indexname -> sort option) -> string -> typ
+  val read_typ_abbrev: theory * (indexname -> sort option) -> string -> typ
+  val read_tyname: theory -> string -> typ
+  val read_const: theory -> string -> term
+  val infer_types_simult: Pretty.pp -> theory -> (indexname -> typ option) ->
+    (indexname -> sort option) -> string list -> bool
+    -> (term list * typ) list -> term list * (indexname * typ) list
+  val infer_types: Pretty.pp -> theory -> (indexname -> typ option) ->
+    (indexname -> sort option) -> string list -> bool
+    -> term list * typ -> term * (indexname * typ) list
+  val read_def_terms': Pretty.pp -> (string -> bool) -> Syntax.syntax ->
+    theory * (indexname -> typ option) * (indexname -> sort option) ->
+    string list -> bool -> (string * typ) list -> term list * (indexname * typ) list
+  val read_def_terms:
+    theory * (indexname -> typ option) * (indexname -> sort option) ->
+    string list -> bool -> (string * typ) list -> term list * (indexname * typ) list
+  val simple_read_term: theory -> typ -> string -> term
+  val const_of_class: class -> string
+  val class_of_const: string -> class
+  include SIGN_THEORY
+end
 
-structure Sign: PRIVATE_SIGN =
+structure Sign: SIGN =
 struct
 
-(** datatype sg **)
-
-(* types sg, data, syn, sg_ref *)
-
-datatype sg =
-  Sg of
-   {id: string ref,
-    stamps: string ref list,                  (*unique theory indentifier*)
-    syn: syn} *                               (*syntax for parsing and printing*)
-   {self: sg_ref,                             (*mutable self reference*)
-    tsig: Type.tsig,                          (*order-sorted signature of types*)
-    consts: (typ * stamp) NameSpace.table,    (*type schemes of constants*)
-    naming: NameSpace.naming,
-    data: data}
-and data =
-  Data of
-    (Object.kind *                                (*kind (for authorization)*)
-      (Object.T *                                 (*value*)
-        ((Object.T -> Object.T) *                 (*copy method*)
-          (Object.T -> Object.T) *                (*prepare extend method*)
-          (Object.T * Object.T -> Object.T) *     (*merge and prepare extend method*)
-          (sg -> Object.T -> unit))))             (*print method*)
-    Symtab.table
-and syn =
-  Syn of
-    Syntax.syntax *
-     (((sg -> ast list -> ast) * stamp) Symtab.table *
-      ((sg -> term list -> term) * stamp) Symtab.table *
-      ((sg -> bool -> typ -> term list -> term) * stamp) list Symtab.table *
-      ((sg -> ast list -> ast) * stamp) list Symtab.table)
-and sg_ref =
-  SgRef of sg ref option;
-
-(* FIXME assign!??? *)
-fun make_sg (id, self, stamps) naming data (syn, tsig, consts) =
-  Sg ({id = id, stamps = stamps, syn = syn}, {self = self, tsig = tsig,
-    consts = consts, naming = naming, data = data});
-
-fun rep_sg (Sg (_, args)) = args;
-
-
-(* stamps *)
-
-fun stamps_of (Sg ({stamps, ...}, _)) = stamps;
-val stamp_names_of = rev o map ! o stamps_of;
-fun exists_stamp name = exists (equal name o !) o stamps_of;
-
-fun is_stale (Sg ({id, ...}, {self = SgRef (SOME (ref (Sg ({id = id', ...}, _)))), ...})) =
-      id <> id'
-  | is_stale _ = false;
-
-fun pretty_sg sg =
-  Pretty.str_list "{" "}" (stamp_names_of sg @ (if is_stale sg then ["!"] else []));
-
-val pprint_sg = Pretty.pprint o pretty_sg;
-
-fun pretty_abbrev_sg sg =
-  let
-    val stamps = map ! (stamps_of sg);
-    val abbrev = if length stamps > 5 then "..." :: rev (List.take (stamps, 5)) else rev stamps;
-  in Pretty.str_list "{" "}" abbrev end;
-
-val str_of_sg = Pretty.str_of o pretty_abbrev_sg;
-
-
-(* id and self *)
-
-fun check_stale pos sg =
-  if is_stale sg then raise TERM ("Stale signature (in " ^ pos ^ "): " ^ str_of_sg sg, [])
-  else sg;
-
-fun self_ref (sg as Sg (_, {self, ...})) = (check_stale "Sign.self_ref" sg; self);
-
-fun deref (SgRef (SOME (ref sg))) = sg
-  | deref (SgRef NONE) = sys_error "Sign.deref";
-
-fun assign (SgRef (SOME r)) sg = r := sg
-  | assign (SgRef NONE) _ = sys_error "Sign.assign";
-
-fun name_of (sg as Sg ({id = ref name, ...}, _)) =
-  if name = "" orelse ord name = ord "#" then
-    raise TERM ("Nameless signature " ^ str_of_sg sg, [])
-  else name;
-
-fun is_draft (Sg ({stamps = ref name :: _, ...}, _)) =
-      name = "" orelse ord name = ord "#"
-  | is_draft _ = sys_error "Sign.is_draft";
-
-
-(* inclusion and equality *)
-
-local
-  (*avoiding polymorphic equality: factor 10 speedup*)
-  fun mem_stamp (_: string ref, []) = false
-    | mem_stamp (x, y :: ys) = x = y orelse mem_stamp (x, ys);
-
-  fun subset_stamp ([], ys) = true
-    | subset_stamp (x :: xs, ys) =
-        mem_stamp (x, ys) andalso subset_stamp (xs, ys);
-in
-  fun eq_sg (sg1 as Sg ({id = id1, ...}, _), sg2 as Sg ({id = id2, ...}, _)) =
-    (check_stale "Sign.eq_sg" sg1; check_stale "Sign.eq_sg" sg2; id1 = id2);
-
-  fun subsig (sg1, sg2) =
-    eq_sg (sg1, sg2) orelse mem_stamp (hd (stamps_of sg1), stamps_of sg2);
-
-  fun subsig_internal (sg1, sg2) =
-    eq_sg (sg1, sg2) orelse subset_stamp (stamps_of sg1, stamps_of sg2);
-end;
+type sg = theory;
 
 
-fun joinable (sg1, sg2) = subsig (sg1, sg2) orelse subsig (sg2, sg1);
-
-(*test if same theory names are contained in signatures' stamps,
-  i.e. if signatures belong to same theory but not necessarily to the
-  same version of it*)
-fun same_sg (sg1, sg2) =
-  eq_sg (sg1, sg2) orelse eq_set_string (pairself (map ! o stamps_of) (sg1, sg2));
-
-
-(* data operations *)
-
-fun err_method name kind e =    (* FIXME wrap exn msg!? *)
-  (warning ("Error while invoking " ^ quote kind ^ " " ^ name ^ " method"); raise e);
-
-fun err_inconsistent kinds =
-  error ("Attempt to merge different versions of " ^ commas_quote kinds ^ " data");
-
-val empty_data = Data Symtab.empty;
-
-fun merge_data (Data tab1, Data tab2) =
-  let
-    val data1 = map snd (Symtab.dest tab1);
-    val data2 = map snd (Symtab.dest tab2);
-    val all_data = data1 @ data2;
-    val kinds = gen_distinct Object.eq_kind (map fst all_data);
-
-   fun entry data kind =
-     (case gen_assoc Object.eq_kind (data, kind) of
-       NONE => []
-     | SOME x => [(kind, x)]);
-
-    fun merge_entries [(kind, (e, mths as (_, ext, _, _)))] =
-          (kind, (ext e handle exn => err_method "prep_ext" (Object.name_of_kind kind) exn, mths))
-      | merge_entries [(kind, (e1, mths as (_, _, mrg, _))), (_, (e2, _))] =
-          (kind, (mrg (e1, e2)
-            handle exn => err_method "merge" (Object.name_of_kind kind) exn, mths))
-      | merge_entries _ = sys_error "merge_entries";
-
-    val data = map (fn k => merge_entries (entry data1 k @ entry data2 k)) kinds;
-    val data_idx = map (fn (k, x) => (Object.name_of_kind k, (k, x))) data;
-  in
-    Data (Symtab.make data_idx)
-      handle Symtab.DUPS dups => err_inconsistent dups
-  end;
-
-fun prep_ext_data data = merge_data (data, empty_data);
-
-fun copy_data (Data tab) =
-  let
-    fun cp_data (k, (e, mths as (cp, _, _, _))) =
-      (k, (cp e handle exn => err_method "copy" (Object.name_of_kind k) exn, mths));
-  in Data (Symtab.map cp_data tab) end;
-
-
-
-(** build signatures **)
-
-fun create_sg name self stamps naming data sign =
-  let
-    val id = ref name;
-    val stamps' = (case stamps of ref "#" :: ss => ss | ss => ss);
-    val _ = conditional (exists (equal name o !) stamps')
-      (fn () => error ("Theory already contains a " ^ quote name ^ " component"));
-    val sg = make_sg (id, self, id :: stamps') naming data sign;
-  in assign self sg; sg end;
-
-fun new_sg f (sg as Sg ({stamps, syn, ...}, {self = _, tsig, consts, naming, data})) =
-  let
-    val _ = check_stale "Sign.new_sg" sg;
-    val self' = SgRef (SOME (ref sg));
-    val data' = f data;
-  in create_sg "#" self' stamps naming data' (syn, tsig, consts) end;
-
-val prep_ext = new_sg prep_ext_data;
-val copy = new_sg copy_data;
+(** datatype syn **)    (* FIXME use Syntax.syntax here (include advanced trfuns there) *)
 
-fun add_name name (sg as Sg ({stamps, syn, ...}, {self, tsig, consts, naming, data})) =
-  let
-    val _ = check_stale "Sign.add_name" sg;
-    val (self', data') =
-      if is_draft sg then (self, data)
-      else (SgRef (SOME (ref sg)), prep_ext_data data);
-  in create_sg name self' stamps naming data' (syn, tsig, consts) end;
-
-fun map_sg keep f (sg as Sg ({stamps, syn, ...}, {self, tsig, consts, naming, data})) =
-  let
-    val _ = check_stale "Sign.map_sg" sg;
-    val (self', data') =
-      if is_draft sg andalso keep then (self, data)
-      else (SgRef (SOME (ref sg)), prep_ext_data data);
-    val (naming', data', sign') = f (naming, data', (syn, tsig, consts));
-  in create_sg "#" self' stamps naming' data' sign' end;
-
-fun map_naming f = map_sg true (fn (naming, data, sign) => (f naming, data, sign));
-fun map_data f = map_sg true (fn (naming, data, sign) => (naming, f data, sign));
-fun map_sign f = map_sg true (fn (naming, data, sign) => (naming, data, f sign));
-fun map_syn f = map_sign (fn (syn, tsig, consts) => (f syn, tsig, consts));
-fun map_tsig f = map_sign (fn (syn, tsig, consts) => (syn, f tsig, consts));
-fun map_consts f = map_sign (fn (syn, tsig, consts) => (syn, tsig, f consts));
-
-
-
-(** signature data **)
-
-(* errors *)
-
-fun of_theory sg = "\nof theory " ^ str_of_sg sg;
-
-fun err_dup_init sg kind =
-  error ("Duplicate initialization of " ^ quote kind ^ " data" ^ of_theory sg);
-
-fun err_uninit sg kind =
-  error ("Tried to access uninitialized " ^ quote kind ^ " data" ^ of_theory sg);
+datatype syn =
+  Syn of
+    Syntax.syntax *
+     (((theory -> ast list -> ast) * stamp) Symtab.table *
+      ((theory -> term list -> term) * stamp) Symtab.table *
+      ((theory -> bool -> typ -> term list -> term) * stamp) list Symtab.table *
+      ((theory -> ast list -> ast) * stamp) list Symtab.table)
 
-fun err_access sg kind =
-  error ("Unauthorized access to " ^ quote kind ^ " data" ^ of_theory sg);
-
-
-(* access data *)
-
-fun data_kinds (Data tab) = Symtab.keys tab;
-
-fun lookup_data sg tab kind =
-  let val name = Object.name_of_kind kind in
-    (case Symtab.lookup (tab, name) of
-      SOME (k, x) =>
-        if Object.eq_kind (kind, k) then x
-        else err_access sg name
-    | NONE => err_uninit sg name)
-  end;
-
-fun init_data (kind, (e, cp, ext, mrg, prt)) sg = sg |> map_data (fn Data tab =>
-  Data (Symtab.update_new ((Object.name_of_kind kind, (kind, (e, (cp, ext, mrg, prt)))), tab))
-    handle Symtab.DUP name => err_dup_init sg name);
-
-fun get_data kind dest (sg as Sg (_, {data = Data tab, ...})) =
-  let val x = fst (lookup_data sg tab kind)
-  in dest x handle Match => Object.kind_error kind end;
-
-fun put_data kind mk x sg = sg |> map_data (fn Data tab =>
-  Data (Symtab.update ((Object.name_of_kind kind,
-    (kind, (mk x, snd (lookup_data sg tab kind)))), tab)));
-
-fun print_data kind (sg as Sg (_, {data = Data tab, ...})) =
-  let val (e, (_, _, _, prt)) = lookup_data sg tab kind in
-    prt sg e handle exn =>
-      err_method ("print" ^ of_theory sg) (Object.name_of_kind kind) exn
-  end;
-
-fun print_all_data (sg as Sg (_, {data = Data tab, ...})) =
-  List.app (fn kind => print_data kind sg) (map (#1 o #2) (Symtab.dest tab));
-
-
-
-(** primitive signatures **)
+fun merge_trfuns
+    (parse_ast_trtab1, parse_trtab1, print_trtab1, print_ast_trtab1)
+    (parse_ast_trtab2, parse_trtab2, print_trtab2, print_ast_trtab2) =
+  (Syntax.merge_trtabs "parse ast translation" parse_ast_trtab1 parse_ast_trtab2,
+    Syntax.merge_trtabs "parse translation" parse_trtab1 parse_trtab2,
+    Syntax.merge_tr'tabs print_trtab1 print_trtab2,
+    Syntax.merge_tr'tabs print_ast_trtab1 print_ast_trtab2);
 
 val pure_syn =
   Syn (Syntax.pure_syn, (Symtab.empty, Symtab.empty, Symtab.empty, Symtab.empty));
 
-val dummy_sg = make_sg (ref "", SgRef NONE, []) NameSpace.default_naming empty_data
-  (pure_syn, Type.empty_tsig, NameSpace.empty_table);
-
-val pre_pure =
-  create_sg "#" (SgRef (SOME (ref dummy_sg))) [] NameSpace.default_naming empty_data
-    (pure_syn, Type.empty_tsig, NameSpace.empty_table);
-
-val PureN = "Pure";
-val CPureN = "CPure";
 
 
+(** datatype sign **)
 
-(** signature content **)
+datatype sign = Sign of
+ {naming: NameSpace.naming,                 (*common naming conventions*)
+  syn: syn,                                 (*concrete syntax for terms, types, sorts*)
+  tsig: Type.tsig,                          (*order-sorted signature of types*)
+  consts: (typ * stamp) NameSpace.table};   (*type schemes of term constants*)
+
+fun make_sign (naming, syn, tsig, consts) =
+  Sign {naming = naming, syn = syn, tsig = tsig, consts = consts};
+
+fun err_dup_consts cs =
+  error ("Duplicate declaration of constant(s) " ^ commas_quote cs);
+
+structure SignData = TheoryDataFun
+(struct
+  val name = "Pure/sign";
+  type T = sign;
+  val copy = I;
+  val extend = I;
+
+  val empty =
+    make_sign (NameSpace.default_naming, pure_syn, Type.empty_tsig, NameSpace.empty_table);
+
+  fun merge pp (sign1, sign2) =
+    let
+      val Sign {naming = _, syn = Syn (syntax1, trfuns1), tsig = tsig1,
+        consts = consts1} = sign1;
+      val Sign {naming = _, syn = Syn (syntax2, trfuns2), tsig = tsig2,
+        consts = consts2} = sign2;
+
+      val naming = NameSpace.default_naming;
+      val syntax = Syntax.merge_syntaxes syntax1 syntax2;
+      val trfuns = merge_trfuns trfuns1 trfuns2;
+      val syn = Syn (syntax, trfuns);
+      val tsig = Type.merge_tsigs pp (tsig1, tsig2);
+      val consts = NameSpace.merge_tables eq_snd (consts1, consts2)
+        handle Symtab.DUPS cs => err_dup_consts cs;
+    in make_sign (naming, syn, tsig, consts) end;
+
+  fun print _ _ = ();
+end);
+
+val init = SignData.init;
+
+fun rep_sg thy = SignData.get thy |> (fn Sign args => args);
+
+fun map_sign f = SignData.map (fn Sign {naming, syn, tsig, consts} =>
+  make_sign (f (naming, syn, tsig, consts)));
+
+fun map_naming f = map_sign (fn (naming, syn, tsig, consts) => (f naming, syn, tsig, consts));
+fun map_syn f = map_sign (fn (naming, syn, tsig, consts) => (naming, f syn, tsig, consts));
+fun map_tsig f = map_sign (fn (naming, syn, tsig, consts) => (naming, syn, f tsig, consts));
+fun map_consts f = map_sign (fn (naming, syn, tsig, consts) => (naming, syn, tsig, f consts));
+
 
 (* naming *)
 
-fun naming_of (Sg (_, {naming, ...})) = naming;
-
+val naming_of = #naming o rep_sg;
 val base_name = NameSpace.base;
 val full_name = NameSpace.full o naming_of;
-fun full_name_path sg elems = NameSpace.full (NameSpace.add_path elems (naming_of sg));
+fun full_name_path thy elems = NameSpace.full (NameSpace.add_path elems (naming_of thy));
 val declare_name = NameSpace.declare o naming_of;
 
 
@@ -485,14 +259,14 @@
 
 fun map_syntax f (Syn (syntax, trfuns)) = Syn (f syntax, trfuns);
 
-fun make_syntax sg (Syn (syntax, (atrs, trs, tr's, atr's))) =
+fun make_syntax thy (Syn (syntax, (atrs, trs, tr's, atr's))) =
   let
-    fun apply (c, (f, s)) = (c, (f sg, s));
+    fun apply (c, (f, s)) = (c, (f thy, s));
     fun prep tab = map apply (Symtab.dest tab);
     fun prep' tab = map apply (Symtab.dest_multi tab);
   in syntax |> Syntax.extend_trfuns (prep atrs, prep trs, prep' tr's, prep' atr's) end;
 
-fun syn_of (sg as Sg ({syn, ...}, _)) = make_syntax sg syn;
+fun syn_of thy = make_syntax thy (#syn (rep_sg thy));
 
 
 (* advanced translation functions *)
@@ -504,19 +278,10 @@
     Syntax.extend_tr'tab tr's print_trtab,
     Syntax.extend_tr'tab atr's print_ast_trtab));
 
-fun merge_trfuns
-    (parse_ast_trtab1, parse_trtab1, print_trtab1, print_ast_trtab1)
-    (parse_ast_trtab2, parse_trtab2, print_trtab2, print_ast_trtab2) =
-  (Syntax.merge_trtabs "parse ast translation" parse_ast_trtab1 parse_ast_trtab2,
-    Syntax.merge_trtabs "parse translation" parse_trtab1 parse_trtab2,
-    Syntax.merge_tr'tabs print_trtab1 print_trtab2,
-    Syntax.merge_tr'tabs print_ast_trtab1 print_ast_trtab2);
-
 
 (* type signature *)
 
 val tsig_of = #tsig o rep_sg;
-
 val classes = Type.classes o tsig_of;
 val defaultS = Type.defaultS o tsig_of;
 val subsort = Type.subsort o tsig_of;
@@ -524,21 +289,21 @@
 val witness_sorts = Type.witness_sorts o tsig_of;
 val universal_witness = Type.universal_witness o tsig_of;
 val typ_instance = Type.typ_instance o tsig_of;
-fun is_logtype sg c = c mem_string Type.logical_types (tsig_of sg);
+fun is_logtype thy c = c mem_string Type.logical_types (tsig_of thy);
 
 
 (* consts signature *)
 
-fun const_type (Sg (_, {consts, ...})) c = Option.map #1 (Symtab.lookup (#2 consts, c));
+fun const_type thy c = Option.map #1 (Symtab.lookup (#2 (#consts (rep_sg thy)), c));
 
-fun the_const_type sg c =
-  (case const_type sg c of SOME T => T
+fun the_const_type thy c =
+  (case const_type thy c of SOME T => T
   | NONE => raise TYPE ("Undeclared constant " ^ quote c, [], []));
 
-fun declared_tyname sg c =
-  is_some (Symtab.lookup (#2 (#types (Type.rep_tsig (tsig_of sg))), c));
+fun declared_tyname thy c =
+  is_some (Symtab.lookup (#2 (#types (Type.rep_tsig (tsig_of thy))), c));
 
-fun declared_const sg c = is_some (const_type sg c);
+val declared_const = is_some oo const_type;
 
 
 
@@ -567,16 +332,16 @@
     fun get x = if_none (assoc_string (tab, x)) x;
   in get end;
 
-fun typ_mapping f g sg T =
+fun typ_mapping f g thy T =
   T |> Term.map_typ
-    (mapping add_typ_classes (f sg) T)
-    (mapping add_typ_tycons (g sg) T);
+    (mapping add_typ_classes (f thy) T)
+    (mapping add_typ_tycons (g thy) T);
 
-fun term_mapping f g h sg t =
+fun term_mapping f g h thy t =
   t |> Term.map_term
-    (mapping add_term_classes (f sg) t)
-    (mapping add_term_tycons (g sg) t)
-    (mapping add_term_consts (h sg) t);
+    (mapping add_term_classes (f thy) t)
+    (mapping add_term_tycons (g thy) t)
+    (mapping add_term_consts (h thy) t);
 
 in
 
@@ -592,21 +357,22 @@
 
 (** pretty printing of terms, types etc. **)
 
-fun pretty_term' syn sg t = Syntax.pretty_term syn (exists_stamp CPureN sg) (extern_term sg t);
-fun pretty_term sg t = pretty_term' (syn_of sg) sg t;
-fun pretty_typ sg T = Syntax.pretty_typ (syn_of sg) (extern_typ sg T);
-fun pretty_sort sg S = Syntax.pretty_sort (syn_of sg) (extern_sort sg S);
+fun pretty_term' syn thy t =
+  Syntax.pretty_term syn (Context.exists_name Context.CPureN thy) (extern_term thy t);
+fun pretty_term thy t = pretty_term' (syn_of thy) thy t;
+fun pretty_typ thy T = Syntax.pretty_typ (syn_of thy) (extern_typ thy T);
+fun pretty_sort thy S = Syntax.pretty_sort (syn_of thy) (extern_sort thy S);
 
-fun pretty_classrel sg cs = Pretty.block (List.concat
-  (separate [Pretty.str " <", Pretty.brk 1] (map (single o pretty_sort sg o single) cs)));
+fun pretty_classrel thy cs = Pretty.block (List.concat
+  (separate [Pretty.str " <", Pretty.brk 1] (map (single o pretty_sort thy o single) cs)));
 
-fun pretty_arity sg (a, Ss, S) =
+fun pretty_arity thy (a, Ss, S) =
   let
-    val a' = extern_type sg a;
+    val a' = extern_type thy a;
     val dom =
       if null Ss then []
-      else [Pretty.list "(" ")" (map (pretty_sort sg) Ss), Pretty.brk 1];
-  in Pretty.block ([Pretty.str (a' ^ " ::"), Pretty.brk 1] @ dom @ [pretty_sort sg S]) end;
+      else [Pretty.list "(" ")" (map (pretty_sort thy) Ss), Pretty.brk 1];
+  in Pretty.block ([Pretty.str (a' ^ " ::"), Pretty.brk 1] @ dom @ [pretty_sort thy S]) end;
 
 val string_of_term = Pretty.string_of oo pretty_term;
 val string_of_typ = Pretty.string_of oo pretty_typ;
@@ -617,8 +383,8 @@
 val pprint_term = (Pretty.pprint o Pretty.quote) oo pretty_term;
 val pprint_typ = (Pretty.pprint o Pretty.quote) oo pretty_typ;
 
-fun pp sg = Pretty.pp (pretty_term sg, pretty_typ sg, pretty_sort sg,
-  pretty_classrel sg, pretty_arity sg);
+fun pp thy = Pretty.pp (pretty_term thy, pretty_typ thy, pretty_sort thy,
+  pretty_classrel thy, pretty_arity thy);
 
 
 
@@ -626,7 +392,7 @@
 
 (* certify wrt. type signature *)
 
-fun certify cert = cert o tsig_of o check_stale "Sign.certify";
+fun certify cert = cert o tsig_of o Context.check_thy "Sign.certify";
 
 val certify_class      = certify Type.cert_class;
 val certify_sort       = certify Type.cert_sort;
@@ -669,11 +435,11 @@
 
 in
 
-fun certify_term pp sg tm =
+fun certify_term pp thy tm =
   let
-    val _ = check_stale "Sign.certify_term" sg;
+    val _ = Context.check_thy "Sign.certify_term" thy;
 
-    val tm' = map_term_types (Type.cert_typ (tsig_of sg)) tm;
+    val tm' = map_term_types (certify_typ thy) tm;
     val tm' = if tm = tm' then tm else tm';  (*avoid copying of already normal term*)
 
     fun err msg = raise TYPE (msg, [], [tm']);
@@ -683,10 +449,10 @@
     fun check_atoms (t $ u) = (check_atoms t; check_atoms u)
       | check_atoms (Abs (_, _, t)) = check_atoms t
       | check_atoms (Const (a, T)) =
-          (case const_type sg a of
+          (case const_type thy a of
             NONE => err ("Undeclared constant " ^ show_const a T)
           | SOME U =>
-              if typ_instance sg (T, U) then ()
+              if typ_instance thy (T, U) then ()
               else err ("Illegal type for constant " ^ show_const a T))
       | check_atoms (Var ((x, i), _)) =
           if i < 0 then err ("Malformed variable: " ^ quote x) else ()
@@ -700,60 +466,61 @@
 
 
 
-(** read and certify entities **)    (*exception ERROR/TYPE*)
+(** read and certify entities **)    (*exception ERROR*)
 
 (* sorts *)
 
-fun read_sort' syn sg str =
+fun read_sort' syn thy str =
   let
-    val _ = check_stale "Sign.read_sort'" sg;
-    val S = intern_sort sg (Syntax.read_sort syn str);
-  in Type.cert_sort (tsig_of sg) S handle TYPE (msg, _, _) => error msg end;
+    val _ = Context.check_thy "Sign.read_sort'" thy;
+    val S = intern_sort thy (Syntax.read_sort syn str);
+  in certify_sort thy S handle TYPE (msg, _, _) => error msg end;
 
-fun read_sort sg str = read_sort' (syn_of sg) sg str;
+fun read_sort thy str = read_sort' (syn_of thy) thy str;
 
 
 (* types *)
 
 local
 
-fun gen_read_typ' cert syn (sg, def_sort) str =
+fun gen_read_typ' cert syn (thy, def_sort) str =
   let
-    val _ = check_stale "Sign.gen_read_typ'" sg;
-    val get_sort = TypeInfer.get_sort (tsig_of sg) def_sort (intern_sort sg);
-    val T = intern_tycons sg (Syntax.read_typ syn get_sort (intern_sort sg) str);
-  in cert (tsig_of sg) T handle TYPE (msg, _, _) => error msg end
+    val _ = Context.check_thy "Sign.gen_read_typ'" thy;
+    val get_sort = TypeInfer.get_sort (tsig_of thy) def_sort (intern_sort thy);
+    val T = intern_tycons thy (Syntax.read_typ syn get_sort (intern_sort thy) str);
+  in cert thy T handle TYPE (msg, _, _) => error msg end
   handle ERROR => error ("The error(s) above occurred in type " ^ quote str);
 
-fun gen_read_typ cert (sg, def_sort) str = gen_read_typ' cert (syn_of sg) (sg, def_sort) str;
+fun gen_read_typ cert (thy, def_sort) str =
+  gen_read_typ' cert (syn_of thy) (thy, def_sort) str;
 
 in
 
-fun no_def_sort sg = (sg, K NONE);
+fun no_def_sort thy = (thy: theory, K NONE);
 
-val read_typ'        = gen_read_typ' Type.cert_typ;
-val read_typ_syntax' = gen_read_typ' Type.cert_typ_syntax;
-val read_typ_abbrev' = gen_read_typ' Type.cert_typ_abbrev;
-val read_typ         = gen_read_typ Type.cert_typ;
-val read_typ_syntax  = gen_read_typ Type.cert_typ_syntax;
-val read_typ_abbrev  = gen_read_typ Type.cert_typ_abbrev;
+val read_typ'        = gen_read_typ' certify_typ;
+val read_typ_syntax' = gen_read_typ' certify_typ_syntax;
+val read_typ_abbrev' = gen_read_typ' certify_typ_abbrev;
+val read_typ         = gen_read_typ certify_typ;
+val read_typ_syntax  = gen_read_typ certify_typ_syntax;
+val read_typ_abbrev  = gen_read_typ certify_typ_abbrev;
 
 end;
 
 
 (* type and constant names *)
 
-fun read_tyname sg raw_c =
-  let val c = intern_type sg raw_c in
-    (case Symtab.lookup (#2 (#types (Type.rep_tsig (tsig_of sg))), c) of
+fun read_tyname thy raw_c =
+  let val c = intern_type thy raw_c in
+    (case Symtab.lookup (#2 (#types (Type.rep_tsig (tsig_of thy))), c) of
       SOME (Type.LogicalType n, _) => Type (c, replicate n dummyT)
     | _ => error ("Undeclared type constructor: " ^ quote c))
   end;
 
-fun read_const sg raw_c =
+fun read_const thy raw_c =
   let
-    val c = intern_const sg raw_c;
-    val _ = the_const_type sg c handle TYPE (msg, _, _) => error msg;
+    val c = intern_const thy raw_c;
+    val _ = the_const_type thy c handle TYPE (msg, _, _) => error msg;
   in Const (c, dummyT) end;
 
 
@@ -770,17 +537,15 @@
   typs: expected types
 *)
 
-fun infer_types_simult pp sg def_type def_sort used freeze args =
+fun infer_types_simult pp thy def_type def_sort used freeze args =
   let
-    val tsig = tsig_of sg;
-
     val termss = foldr multiply [[]] (map fst args);
     val typs =
-      map (fn (_, T) => certify_typ sg T handle TYPE (msg, _, _) => error msg) args;
+      map (fn (_, T) => certify_typ thy T handle TYPE (msg, _, _) => error msg) args;
 
-    fun infer ts = OK (TypeInfer.infer_types (Syntax.pp_show_brackets pp) tsig
-        (const_type sg) def_type def_sort (intern_const sg) (intern_tycons sg)
-        (intern_sort sg) used freeze typs ts)
+    fun infer ts = OK (TypeInfer.infer_types (Syntax.pp_show_brackets pp) (tsig_of thy)
+        (const_type thy) def_type def_sort (intern_const thy) (intern_tycons thy)
+        (intern_sort thy) used freeze typs ts)
       handle TYPE (msg, _, _) => Error msg;
 
     val err_results = map infer termss;
@@ -806,26 +571,25 @@
       cat_lines (map (Pretty.string_of_term pp) (List.concat (map fst results)))))
   end;
 
-
-fun infer_types pp sg def_type def_sort used freeze tsT =
-  apfst hd (infer_types_simult pp sg def_type def_sort used freeze [tsT]);
+fun infer_types pp thy def_type def_sort used freeze tsT =
+  apfst hd (infer_types_simult pp thy def_type def_sort used freeze [tsT]);
 
 
 
-(** read_def_terms -- read terms and infer types **)
+(** read_def_terms -- read terms and infer types **)    (*exception ERROR*)
 
-fun read_def_terms' pp is_logtype syn (sg, types, sorts) used freeze sTs =
+fun read_def_terms' pp is_logtype syn (thy, types, sorts) used freeze sTs =
   let
     fun read (s, T) =
-      let val T' = certify_typ sg T handle TYPE (msg, _, _) => error msg
+      let val T' = certify_typ thy T handle TYPE (msg, _, _) => error msg
       in (Syntax.read is_logtype syn T' s, T') end;
-  in infer_types_simult pp sg types sorts used freeze (map read sTs) end;
+  in infer_types_simult pp thy types sorts used freeze (map read sTs) end;
 
-fun read_def_terms (sg, types, sorts) =
-  read_def_terms' (pp sg) (is_logtype sg) (syn_of sg) (sg, types, sorts);
+fun read_def_terms (thy, types, sorts) =
+  read_def_terms' (pp thy) (is_logtype thy) (syn_of thy) (thy, types, sorts);
 
-fun simple_read_term sg T s =
-  let val ([t], _) = read_def_terms (sg, K NONE, K NONE) [] true [(s, T)]
+fun simple_read_term thy T s =
+  let val ([t], _) = read_def_terms (thy, K NONE, K NONE) [] true [(s, T)]
   in t end
   handle ERROR => error ("The error(s) above occurred for term " ^ s);
 
@@ -835,8 +599,8 @@
 
 (* add default sort *)
 
-fun gen_add_defsort prep_sort s sg =
-  sg |> map_tsig (Type.set_defsort (prep_sort sg s));
+fun gen_add_defsort prep_sort s thy =
+  thy |> map_tsig (Type.set_defsort (prep_sort thy s));
 
 val add_defsort = gen_add_defsort read_sort;
 val add_defsort_i = gen_add_defsort certify_sort;
@@ -844,34 +608,41 @@
 
 (* add type constructors *)
 
-fun add_types types sg = sg |> map_sign (fn (syn, tsig, consts) =>
+fun add_types types thy = thy |> map_sign (fn (naming, syn, tsig, consts) =>
   let
     val syn' = map_syntax (Syntax.extend_type_gram types) syn;
     val decls = map (fn (a, n, mx) => (Syntax.type_name a mx, n)) types;
-    val tsig' = Type.add_types (naming_of sg) decls tsig;
-  in (syn', tsig', consts) end);
+    val tsig' = Type.add_types naming decls tsig;
+  in (naming, syn', tsig', consts) end);
+
+fun add_typedecls decls thy =
+  let
+    fun type_of (a, vs, mx) =
+      if null (duplicates vs) then (a, length vs, mx)
+      else error ("Duplicate parameters in type declaration: " ^ quote a);
+  in add_types (map type_of decls) thy end;
 
 
 (* add nonterminals *)
 
-fun add_nonterminals bnames sg = sg |> map_sign (fn (syn, tsig, consts) =>
+fun add_nonterminals ns thy = thy |> map_sign (fn (naming, syn, tsig, consts) =>
   let
-    val syn' = map_syntax (Syntax.extend_consts bnames) syn;
-    val tsig' = Type.add_nonterminals (naming_of sg) bnames tsig;
-  in (syn', tsig', consts) end);
+    val syn' = map_syntax (Syntax.extend_consts ns) syn;
+    val tsig' = Type.add_nonterminals naming ns tsig;
+  in (naming, syn', tsig', consts) end);
 
 
 (* add type abbreviations *)
 
-fun gen_add_tyabbr prep_typ (a, vs, rhs, mx) sg =
-  sg |> map_sign (fn (syn, tsig, consts) =>
+fun gen_add_tyabbr prep_typ (a, vs, rhs, mx) thy =
+  thy |> map_sign (fn (naming, syn, tsig, consts) =>
     let
       val syn' = map_syntax (Syntax.extend_type_gram [(a, length vs, mx)]) syn;
       val a' = Syntax.type_name a mx;
-      val abbr = (a', vs, prep_typ sg rhs) handle ERROR =>
-        error ("in type abbreviation " ^ quote a');
-      val tsig' = Type.add_abbrevs (naming_of sg) [abbr] tsig;
-    in (syn', tsig', consts) end);
+      val abbr = (a', vs, prep_typ thy rhs)
+        handle ERROR => error ("in type abbreviation " ^ quote a');
+      val tsig' = Type.add_abbrevs naming [abbr] tsig;
+    in (naming, syn', tsig', consts) end);
 
 val add_tyabbrs = fold (gen_add_tyabbr (read_typ_syntax o no_def_sort));
 val add_tyabbrs_i = fold (gen_add_tyabbr certify_typ_syntax);
@@ -879,11 +650,11 @@
 
 (* add type arities *)
 
-fun gen_add_arities int_type prep_sort arities sg = sg |> map_tsig (fn tsig =>
+fun gen_add_arities int_type prep_sort arities thy = thy |> map_tsig (fn tsig =>
   let
-    fun prep_arity (a, Ss, S) = (int_type sg a, map (prep_sort sg) Ss, prep_sort sg S)
+    fun prep_arity (a, Ss, S) = (int_type thy a, map (prep_sort thy) Ss, prep_sort thy S)
       handle ERROR => error ("in arity for type " ^ quote a);
-    val tsig' = Type.add_arities (pp sg) (map prep_arity arities) tsig;
+    val tsig' = Type.add_arities (pp thy) (map prep_arity arities) tsig;
   in tsig' end);
 
 val add_arities = gen_add_arities intern_type read_sort;
@@ -892,37 +663,39 @@
 
 (* modify syntax *)
 
-fun gen_syntax change_gram prep_typ (prmode, args) sg =
+fun gen_syntax change_gram prep_typ prmode args thy =
   let
-    fun prep (c, T, mx) = (c, prep_typ sg T, mx) handle ERROR =>
-      error ("in syntax declaration " ^ quote (Syntax.const_name c mx));
-  in sg |> map_syn (map_syntax (change_gram (is_logtype sg) prmode (map prep args))) end;
+    fun prep (c, T, mx) = (c, prep_typ thy T, mx)
+      handle ERROR => error ("in syntax declaration " ^ quote (Syntax.const_name c mx));
+  in thy |> map_syn (map_syntax (change_gram (is_logtype thy) prmode (map prep args))) end;
 
 fun gen_add_syntax x = gen_syntax Syntax.extend_const_gram x;
 
 val add_modesyntax = gen_add_syntax (read_typ_syntax o no_def_sort);
 val add_modesyntax_i = gen_add_syntax certify_typ_syntax;
-val add_syntax = curry add_modesyntax Syntax.default_mode;
-val add_syntax_i = curry add_modesyntax_i Syntax.default_mode;
+val add_syntax = add_modesyntax Syntax.default_mode;
+val add_syntax_i = add_modesyntax_i Syntax.default_mode;
 val del_modesyntax = gen_syntax Syntax.remove_const_gram (read_typ_syntax o no_def_sort);
 val del_modesyntax_i = gen_syntax Syntax.remove_const_gram certify_typ_syntax;
 
 
 (* add constants *)
 
-fun err_dup_consts cs =
-  error ("Duplicate declaration of constant(s) " ^ commas_quote cs);
-
-fun gen_add_consts prep_typ raw_args sg =
+fun gen_add_consts prep_typ raw_args thy =
   let
-    val prepT = compress_type o Type.varifyT o Type.no_tvars o Term.no_dummyT o prep_typ sg;
+    val prepT = compress_type o Type.varifyT o Type.no_tvars o Term.no_dummyT o prep_typ thy;
     fun prep (c, T, mx) = ((c, prepT T, mx) handle TYPE (msg, _, _) => error msg)
       handle ERROR => error ("in declaration of constant " ^ quote (Syntax.const_name c mx));
     val args = map prep raw_args;
     val decls = args |> map (fn (c, T, mx) => (Syntax.const_name c mx, (T, stamp ())));
-    fun extend_consts consts = NameSpace.extend_table (naming_of sg) (consts, decls)
+
+    fun extend_consts consts = NameSpace.extend_table (naming_of thy) (consts, decls)
       handle Symtab.DUPS cs => err_dup_consts cs;
-  in sg |> map_consts extend_consts |> add_syntax_i args end;
+  in
+    thy
+    |> map_consts extend_consts
+    |> add_syntax_i args
+  end;
 
 val add_consts = gen_add_consts (read_typ o no_def_sort);
 val add_consts_i = gen_add_consts certify_typ;
@@ -936,13 +709,13 @@
 fun class_of_const c = unsuffix classN c
   handle Fail _ => raise TERM ("class_of_const: bad name " ^ quote c, []);
 
-fun gen_add_class int_class (bclass, raw_classes) sg =
-  sg |> map_sign (fn (syn, tsig, consts) =>
+fun gen_add_class int_class (bclass, raw_classes) thy =
+  thy |> map_sign (fn (naming, syn, tsig, consts) =>
     let
-      val classes = map (int_class sg) raw_classes;
+      val classes = map (int_class thy) raw_classes;
       val syn' = map_syntax (Syntax.extend_consts [bclass]) syn;
-      val tsig' = Type.add_classes (pp sg) (naming_of sg) [(bclass, classes)] tsig;
-    in (syn', tsig', consts) end)
+      val tsig' = Type.add_classes (pp thy) naming [(bclass, classes)] tsig;
+    in (naming, syn', tsig', consts) end)
   |> add_consts_i [(const_of_class bclass, a_itselfT --> propT, Syntax.NoSyn)];
 
 val add_classes = fold (gen_add_class intern_class);
@@ -951,10 +724,10 @@
 
 (* add to classrel *)
 
-fun gen_add_classrel int_class raw_pairs sg = sg |> map_tsig (fn tsig =>
+fun gen_add_classrel int_class raw_pairs thy = thy |> map_tsig (fn tsig =>
   let
-    val pairs = map (pairself (int_class sg)) raw_pairs;
-    val tsig' = Type.add_classrel (pp sg) pairs tsig;
+    val pairs = map (pairself (int_class thy)) raw_pairs;
+    val tsig' = Type.add_classrel (pp thy) pairs tsig;
   in tsig' end);
 
 val add_classrel = gen_add_classrel intern_class;
@@ -967,13 +740,13 @@
 
 fun mk trs = map Syntax.mk_trfun trs;
 
-fun gen_add_trfuns ext non_typed (atrs, trs, tr's, atr's) sg = sg |> map_syn (fn syn =>
+fun gen_add_trfuns ext non_typed (atrs, trs, tr's, atr's) thy = thy |> map_syn (fn syn =>
   let val syn' = syn |> ext (mk atrs, mk trs, mk (map (apsnd non_typed) tr's), mk atr's)
-  in make_syntax sg syn'; syn' end);
+  in make_syntax thy syn'; syn' end);
 
-fun gen_add_trfunsT ext tr's sg = sg |> map_syn (fn syn =>
+fun gen_add_trfunsT ext tr's thy = thy |> map_syn (fn syn =>
   let val syn' = syn |> ext ([], [], mk tr's, [])
-  in make_syntax sg syn'; syn' end);
+  in make_syntax thy syn'; syn' end);
 
 in
 
@@ -985,13 +758,14 @@
 end;
 
 val add_tokentrfuns = map_syn o map_syntax o Syntax.extend_tokentrfuns;
+fun add_mode_tokentrfuns m = add_tokentrfuns o map (fn (s, f) => (m, s, f));
 
 
 (* add translation rules *)
 
-fun add_trrules args sg = sg |> map_syn (fn syn =>
-  let val rules = map (Syntax.map_trrule (apfst (intern_type sg))) args
-  in map_syntax (Syntax.extend_trrules (is_logtype sg) (make_syntax sg syn) rules) syn end);
+fun add_trrules args thy = thy |> map_syn (fn syn =>
+  let val rules = map (Syntax.map_trrule (apfst (intern_type thy))) args
+  in map_syntax (Syntax.extend_trrules (is_logtype thy) (make_syntax thy syn) rules) syn end);
 
 val add_trrules_i = map_syn o map_syntax o Syntax.extend_trrules_i;
 
@@ -1005,89 +779,21 @@
 val set_policy      = map_naming o NameSpace.set_policy;
 val restore_naming  = map_naming o K o naming_of;
 
+val parent_path     = add_path "..";
+val root_path       = add_path "/";
+val absolute_path   = add_path "//";
+
+fun local_path thy = thy |> root_path |> add_path (Context.theory_name thy);
+
 
 (* hide names *)
 
-fun hide_classes b xs sg = sg |> map_tsig (Type.hide_classes b (map (intern_class sg) xs));
+fun hide_classes b xs thy = thy |> map_tsig (Type.hide_classes b (map (intern_class thy) xs));
 val hide_classes_i = map_tsig oo Type.hide_classes;
-fun hide_types b xs sg = sg |> map_tsig (Type.hide_types b (map (intern_type sg) xs));
+fun hide_types b xs thy = thy |> map_tsig (Type.hide_types b (map (intern_type thy) xs));
 val hide_types_i = map_tsig oo Type.hide_types;
-fun hide_consts b xs sg =
-  sg |> map_consts (apfst (fold (NameSpace.hide b o intern_const sg) xs));
+fun hide_consts b xs thy =
+  thy |> map_consts (apfst (fold (NameSpace.hide b o intern_const thy) xs));
 val hide_consts_i = (map_consts o apfst) oo (fold o NameSpace.hide);
 
-
-
-(** merge signatures **)
-
-fun merge_stamps stamps1 stamps2 =
-  let val stamps = merge_lists' stamps1 stamps2 in
-    (case duplicates (map ! stamps) of
-      [] => stamps
-    | dups => error ("Attempt to merge different versions of theories " ^ commas_quote dups))
-  end;
-
-
-(* trivial merge *)
-
-fun merge_refs (sgr1 as SgRef (SOME (ref (sg1 as Sg ({stamps = s1, ...}, _)))),
-        sgr2 as SgRef (SOME (ref (sg2 as Sg ({stamps = s2, ...}, _))))) =
-      if subsig (sg2, sg1) then sgr1
-      else if subsig (sg1, sg2) then sgr2
-      else (merge_stamps s1 s2;  (*check for different versions*)
-        error ("Attempt to do non-trivial merge of signature\n" ^
-          str_of_sg sg1 ^ " and " ^ str_of_sg sg2))
-  | merge_refs _ = sys_error "Sign.merge_refs";
-
-val merge = deref o merge_refs o pairself self_ref;
-
-
-(* non-trivial merge *)              (*exception TERM/ERROR*)
-
-local
-
-fun nontriv_merge (sg1, sg2) =
-  if subsig_internal (sg2, sg1) then sg1
-  else if subsig_internal (sg1, sg2) then sg2
-  else
-    if exists_stamp CPureN sg1 <> exists_stamp CPureN sg2
-    then error "Cannot merge Pure and CPure developments"
-  else
-    let
-      val Sg ({id = _, stamps = stamps1, syn = Syn (syntax1, trfuns1)},
-          {self = _, tsig = tsig1, consts = consts1, naming = _, data = data1}) = sg1;
-      val Sg ({id = _, stamps = stamps2, syn = Syn (syntax2, trfuns2)},
-          {self = _, tsig = tsig2, consts = consts2, naming = _, data = data2}) = sg2;
-
-      val stamps = merge_stamps stamps1 stamps2;
-      val syntax = Syntax.merge_syntaxes syntax1 syntax2;
-      val trfuns = merge_trfuns trfuns1 trfuns2;
-      val syn = Syn (syntax, trfuns);
-      val consts = NameSpace.merge_tables eq_snd (consts1, consts2)
-        handle Symtab.DUPS cs => err_dup_consts cs;
-      val naming = NameSpace.default_naming;
-      val data = merge_data (data1, data2);
-
-      val pre_sg = make_sg (ref "", SgRef (SOME (ref dummy_sg)), ref "#" :: stamps1)
-        naming data (syn, tsig1, consts);
-      val tsig = Type.merge_tsigs (pp pre_sg) (tsig1, tsig2);
-
-      val self = SgRef (SOME (ref dummy_sg));
-      val sg = make_sg (ref "", self, stamps) naming data (syn, tsig, consts);
-    in assign self sg; syn_of sg; sg end;
-
-in
-
-fun prep_ext_merge sgs =
-  if null sgs then
-    error "Merge: no parent theories"
-  else if exists is_draft sgs then
-    error "Attempt to merge draft theories"
-  else
-    Library.foldl nontriv_merge (hd sgs, tl sgs)
-    |> prep_ext
-    |> add_path "/";
-
 end;
-
-end;