src/HOL/Limits.thy
author hoelzl
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(*  Title       : Limits.thy
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    Author      : Brian Huffman
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*)
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header {* Filters and Limits *}
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theory Limits
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imports RealVector
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begin
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subsection {* Filters *}
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text {*
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  This definition also allows non-proper filters.
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*}
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locale is_filter =
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  fixes F :: "('a \<Rightarrow> bool) \<Rightarrow> bool"
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  assumes True: "F (\<lambda>x. True)"
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  assumes conj: "F (\<lambda>x. P x) \<Longrightarrow> F (\<lambda>x. Q x) \<Longrightarrow> F (\<lambda>x. P x \<and> Q x)"
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  assumes mono: "\<forall>x. P x \<longrightarrow> Q x \<Longrightarrow> F (\<lambda>x. P x) \<Longrightarrow> F (\<lambda>x. Q x)"
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typedef 'a filter = "{F :: ('a \<Rightarrow> bool) \<Rightarrow> bool. is_filter F}"
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proof
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  show "(\<lambda>x. True) \<in> ?filter" by (auto intro: is_filter.intro)
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qed
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lemma is_filter_Rep_filter: "is_filter (Rep_filter F)"
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  using Rep_filter [of F] by simp
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lemma Abs_filter_inverse':
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  assumes "is_filter F" shows "Rep_filter (Abs_filter F) = F"
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  using assms by (simp add: Abs_filter_inverse)
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subsection {* Eventually *}
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definition eventually :: "('a \<Rightarrow> bool) \<Rightarrow> 'a filter \<Rightarrow> bool"
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  where "eventually P F \<longleftrightarrow> Rep_filter F P"
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lemma eventually_Abs_filter:
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  assumes "is_filter F" shows "eventually P (Abs_filter F) = F P"
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  unfolding eventually_def using assms by (simp add: Abs_filter_inverse)
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lemma filter_eq_iff:
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  shows "F = F' \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>P. eventually P F = eventually P F')"
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  unfolding Rep_filter_inject [symmetric] fun_eq_iff eventually_def ..
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lemma eventually_True [simp]: "eventually (\<lambda>x. True) F"
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  unfolding eventually_def
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  by (rule is_filter.True [OF is_filter_Rep_filter])
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lemma always_eventually: "\<forall>x. P x \<Longrightarrow> eventually P F"
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proof -
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  assume "\<forall>x. P x" hence "P = (\<lambda>x. True)" by (simp add: ext)
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  thus "eventually P F" by simp
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qed
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lemma eventually_mono:
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  "(\<forall>x. P x \<longrightarrow> Q x) \<Longrightarrow> eventually P F \<Longrightarrow> eventually Q F"
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  unfolding eventually_def
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  by (rule is_filter.mono [OF is_filter_Rep_filter])
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lemma eventually_conj:
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  assumes P: "eventually (\<lambda>x. P x) F"
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  assumes Q: "eventually (\<lambda>x. Q x) F"
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  shows "eventually (\<lambda>x. P x \<and> Q x) F"
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  using assms unfolding eventually_def
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  by (rule is_filter.conj [OF is_filter_Rep_filter])
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lemma eventually_mp:
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  assumes "eventually (\<lambda>x. P x \<longrightarrow> Q x) F"
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  assumes "eventually (\<lambda>x. P x) F"
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  shows "eventually (\<lambda>x. Q x) F"
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proof (rule eventually_mono)
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  show "\<forall>x. (P x \<longrightarrow> Q x) \<and> P x \<longrightarrow> Q x" by simp
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  show "eventually (\<lambda>x. (P x \<longrightarrow> Q x) \<and> P x) F"
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    using assms by (rule eventually_conj)
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qed
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lemma eventually_rev_mp:
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  assumes "eventually (\<lambda>x. P x) F"
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  assumes "eventually (\<lambda>x. P x \<longrightarrow> Q x) F"
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  shows "eventually (\<lambda>x. Q x) F"
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using assms(2) assms(1) by (rule eventually_mp)
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lemma eventually_conj_iff:
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  "eventually (\<lambda>x. P x \<and> Q x) F \<longleftrightarrow> eventually P F \<and> eventually Q F"
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  by (auto intro: eventually_conj elim: eventually_rev_mp)
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lemma eventually_elim1:
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  assumes "eventually (\<lambda>i. P i) F"
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  assumes "\<And>i. P i \<Longrightarrow> Q i"
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  shows "eventually (\<lambda>i. Q i) F"
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  using assms by (auto elim!: eventually_rev_mp)
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lemma eventually_elim2:
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  assumes "eventually (\<lambda>i. P i) F"
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  assumes "eventually (\<lambda>i. Q i) F"
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  assumes "\<And>i. P i \<Longrightarrow> Q i \<Longrightarrow> R i"
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  shows "eventually (\<lambda>i. R i) F"
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  using assms by (auto elim!: eventually_rev_mp)
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lemma eventually_subst:
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  assumes "eventually (\<lambda>n. P n = Q n) F"
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  shows "eventually P F = eventually Q F" (is "?L = ?R")
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proof -
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  from assms have "eventually (\<lambda>x. P x \<longrightarrow> Q x) F"
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      and "eventually (\<lambda>x. Q x \<longrightarrow> P x) F"
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    by (auto elim: eventually_elim1)
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  then show ?thesis by (auto elim: eventually_elim2)
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qed
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ML {*
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  fun eventually_elim_tac ctxt thms thm =
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    let
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      val thy = Proof_Context.theory_of ctxt
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      val mp_thms = thms RL [@{thm eventually_rev_mp}]
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      val raw_elim_thm =
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        (@{thm allI} RS @{thm always_eventually})
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        |> fold (fn thm1 => fn thm2 => thm2 RS thm1) mp_thms
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        |> fold (fn _ => fn thm => @{thm impI} RS thm) thms
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      val cases_prop = prop_of (raw_elim_thm RS thm)
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      val cases = (Rule_Cases.make_common (thy, cases_prop) [(("elim", []), [])])
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    in
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      CASES cases (rtac raw_elim_thm 1) thm
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    end
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*}
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method_setup eventually_elim = {*
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  Scan.succeed (fn ctxt => METHOD_CASES (eventually_elim_tac ctxt))
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*} "elimination of eventually quantifiers"
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subsection {* Finer-than relation *}
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text {* @{term "F \<le> F'"} means that filter @{term F} is finer than
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filter @{term F'}. *}
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instantiation filter :: (type) complete_lattice
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begin
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definition le_filter_def:
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  "F \<le> F' \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>P. eventually P F' \<longrightarrow> eventually P F)"
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definition
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  "(F :: 'a filter) < F' \<longleftrightarrow> F \<le> F' \<and> \<not> F' \<le> F"
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definition
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  "top = Abs_filter (\<lambda>P. \<forall>x. P x)"
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definition
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  "bot = Abs_filter (\<lambda>P. True)"
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definition
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  "sup F F' = Abs_filter (\<lambda>P. eventually P F \<and> eventually P F')"
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definition
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  "inf F F' = Abs_filter
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      (\<lambda>P. \<exists>Q R. eventually Q F \<and> eventually R F' \<and> (\<forall>x. Q x \<and> R x \<longrightarrow> P x))"
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definition
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  "Sup S = Abs_filter (\<lambda>P. \<forall>F\<in>S. eventually P F)"
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definition
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  "Inf S = Sup {F::'a filter. \<forall>F'\<in>S. F \<le> F'}"
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lemma eventually_top [simp]: "eventually P top \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x. P x)"
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  unfolding top_filter_def
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  by (rule eventually_Abs_filter, rule is_filter.intro, auto)
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lemma eventually_bot [simp]: "eventually P bot"
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  unfolding bot_filter_def
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  by (subst eventually_Abs_filter, rule is_filter.intro, auto)
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lemma eventually_sup:
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  "eventually P (sup F F') \<longleftrightarrow> eventually P F \<and> eventually P F'"
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  unfolding sup_filter_def
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  by (rule eventually_Abs_filter, rule is_filter.intro)
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     (auto elim!: eventually_rev_mp)
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lemma eventually_inf:
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  "eventually P (inf F F') \<longleftrightarrow>
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   (\<exists>Q R. eventually Q F \<and> eventually R F' \<and> (\<forall>x. Q x \<and> R x \<longrightarrow> P x))"
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  unfolding inf_filter_def
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  apply (rule eventually_Abs_filter, rule is_filter.intro)
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  apply (fast intro: eventually_True)
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  apply clarify
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  apply (intro exI conjI)
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  apply (erule (1) eventually_conj)
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  apply (erule (1) eventually_conj)
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  apply simp
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  apply auto
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  done
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lemma eventually_Sup:
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  "eventually P (Sup S) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>F\<in>S. eventually P F)"
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  unfolding Sup_filter_def
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  apply (rule eventually_Abs_filter, rule is_filter.intro)
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  apply (auto intro: eventually_conj elim!: eventually_rev_mp)
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  done
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instance proof
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  fix F F' F'' :: "'a filter" and S :: "'a filter set"
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  { show "F < F' \<longleftrightarrow> F \<le> F' \<and> \<not> F' \<le> F"
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    by (rule less_filter_def) }
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  { show "F \<le> F"
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    unfolding le_filter_def by simp }
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  { assume "F \<le> F'" and "F' \<le> F''" thus "F \<le> F''"
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    unfolding le_filter_def by simp }
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  { assume "F \<le> F'" and "F' \<le> F" thus "F = F'"
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    unfolding le_filter_def filter_eq_iff by fast }
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  { show "F \<le> top"
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    unfolding le_filter_def eventually_top by (simp add: always_eventually) }
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  { show "bot \<le> F"
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    unfolding le_filter_def by simp }
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  { show "F \<le> sup F F'" and "F' \<le> sup F F'"
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    unfolding le_filter_def eventually_sup by simp_all }
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  { assume "F \<le> F''" and "F' \<le> F''" thus "sup F F' \<le> F''"
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    unfolding le_filter_def eventually_sup by simp }
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  { show "inf F F' \<le> F" and "inf F F' \<le> F'"
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    unfolding le_filter_def eventually_inf by (auto intro: eventually_True) }
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  { assume "F \<le> F'" and "F \<le> F''" thus "F \<le> inf F' F''"
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    unfolding le_filter_def eventually_inf
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    by (auto elim!: eventually_mono intro: eventually_conj) }
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  { assume "F \<in> S" thus "F \<le> Sup S"
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    unfolding le_filter_def eventually_Sup by simp }
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  { assume "\<And>F. F \<in> S \<Longrightarrow> F \<le> F'" thus "Sup S \<le> F'"
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    unfolding le_filter_def eventually_Sup by simp }
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  { assume "F'' \<in> S" thus "Inf S \<le> F''"
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    unfolding le_filter_def Inf_filter_def eventually_Sup Ball_def by simp }
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  { assume "\<And>F'. F' \<in> S \<Longrightarrow> F \<le> F'" thus "F \<le> Inf S"
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    unfolding le_filter_def Inf_filter_def eventually_Sup Ball_def by simp }
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qed
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end
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lemma filter_leD:
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  "F \<le> F' \<Longrightarrow> eventually P F' \<Longrightarrow> eventually P F"
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  unfolding le_filter_def by simp
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lemma filter_leI:
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  "(\<And>P. eventually P F' \<Longrightarrow> eventually P F) \<Longrightarrow> F \<le> F'"
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  unfolding le_filter_def by simp
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lemma eventually_False:
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  "eventually (\<lambda>x. False) F \<longleftrightarrow> F = bot"
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  unfolding filter_eq_iff by (auto elim: eventually_rev_mp)
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abbreviation (input) trivial_limit :: "'a filter \<Rightarrow> bool"
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  where "trivial_limit F \<equiv> F = bot"
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lemma trivial_limit_def: "trivial_limit F \<longleftrightarrow> eventually (\<lambda>x. False) F"
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  by (rule eventually_False [symmetric])
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subsection {* Map function for filters *}
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definition filtermap :: "('a \<Rightarrow> 'b) \<Rightarrow> 'a filter \<Rightarrow> 'b filter"
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  where "filtermap f F = Abs_filter (\<lambda>P. eventually (\<lambda>x. P (f x)) F)"
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lemma eventually_filtermap:
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  "eventually P (filtermap f F) = eventually (\<lambda>x. P (f x)) F"
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  unfolding filtermap_def
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  apply (rule eventually_Abs_filter)
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  apply (rule is_filter.intro)
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  apply (auto elim!: eventually_rev_mp)
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  done
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lemma filtermap_ident: "filtermap (\<lambda>x. x) F = F"
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  by (simp add: filter_eq_iff eventually_filtermap)
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lemma filtermap_filtermap:
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  "filtermap f (filtermap g F) = filtermap (\<lambda>x. f (g x)) F"
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  by (simp add: filter_eq_iff eventually_filtermap)
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lemma filtermap_mono: "F \<le> F' \<Longrightarrow> filtermap f F \<le> filtermap f F'"
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  unfolding le_filter_def eventually_filtermap by simp
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lemma filtermap_bot [simp]: "filtermap f bot = bot"
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  by (simp add: filter_eq_iff eventually_filtermap)
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subsection {* Order filters *}
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definition at_top :: "('a::order) filter"
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  where "at_top = Abs_filter (\<lambda>P. \<exists>k. \<forall>n\<ge>k. P n)"
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lemma eventually_at_top_linorder: "eventually P at_top \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>N::'a::linorder. \<forall>n\<ge>N. P n)"
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  unfolding at_top_def
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diff changeset
   290
proof (rule eventually_Abs_filter, rule is_filter.intro)
50247
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   291
  fix P Q :: "'a \<Rightarrow> bool"
36662
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   292
  assume "\<exists>i. \<forall>n\<ge>i. P n" and "\<exists>j. \<forall>n\<ge>j. Q n"
621122eeb138 generalize types of LIMSEQ and LIM; generalize many lemmas
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parents: 36656
diff changeset
   293
  then obtain i j where "\<forall>n\<ge>i. P n" and "\<forall>n\<ge>j. Q n" by auto
621122eeb138 generalize types of LIMSEQ and LIM; generalize many lemmas
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parents: 36656
diff changeset
   294
  then have "\<forall>n\<ge>max i j. P n \<and> Q n" by simp
621122eeb138 generalize types of LIMSEQ and LIM; generalize many lemmas
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parents: 36656
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   295
  then show "\<exists>k. \<forall>n\<ge>k. P n \<and> Q n" ..
621122eeb138 generalize types of LIMSEQ and LIM; generalize many lemmas
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diff changeset
   296
qed auto
621122eeb138 generalize types of LIMSEQ and LIM; generalize many lemmas
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parents: 36656
diff changeset
   297
50324
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   298
lemma eventually_at_top_dense: "eventually P at_top \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>N::'a::dense_linorder. \<forall>n>N. P n)"
50247
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   299
  unfolding eventually_at_top_linorder
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   300
proof safe
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   301
  fix N assume "\<forall>n\<ge>N. P n" then show "\<exists>N. \<forall>n>N. P n" by (auto intro!: exI[of _ N])
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   302
next
50324
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   303
  fix N assume "\<forall>n>N. P n"
50247
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   304
  moreover from gt_ex[of N] guess y ..
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
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parents: 49834
diff changeset
   305
  ultimately show "\<exists>N. \<forall>n\<ge>N. P n" by (auto intro!: exI[of _ y])
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
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   306
qed
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
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diff changeset
   307
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
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   308
definition at_bot :: "('a::order) filter"
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
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   309
  where "at_bot = Abs_filter (\<lambda>P. \<exists>k. \<forall>n\<le>k. P n)"
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
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diff changeset
   310
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
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   311
lemma eventually_at_bot_linorder:
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
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   312
  fixes P :: "'a::linorder \<Rightarrow> bool" shows "eventually P at_bot \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>N. \<forall>n\<le>N. P n)"
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diff changeset
   313
  unfolding at_bot_def
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
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parents: 49834
diff changeset
   314
proof (rule eventually_Abs_filter, rule is_filter.intro)
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   315
  fix P Q :: "'a \<Rightarrow> bool"
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   316
  assume "\<exists>i. \<forall>n\<le>i. P n" and "\<exists>j. \<forall>n\<le>j. Q n"
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   317
  then obtain i j where "\<forall>n\<le>i. P n" and "\<forall>n\<le>j. Q n" by auto
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   318
  then have "\<forall>n\<le>min i j. P n \<and> Q n" by simp
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   319
  then show "\<exists>k. \<forall>n\<le>k. P n \<and> Q n" ..
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   320
qed auto
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   321
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
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diff changeset
   322
lemma eventually_at_bot_dense:
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
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parents: 49834
diff changeset
   323
  fixes P :: "'a::dense_linorder \<Rightarrow> bool" shows "eventually P at_bot \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>N. \<forall>n<N. P n)"
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   324
  unfolding eventually_at_bot_linorder
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
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parents: 49834
diff changeset
   325
proof safe
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
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parents: 49834
diff changeset
   326
  fix N assume "\<forall>n\<le>N. P n" then show "\<exists>N. \<forall>n<N. P n" by (auto intro!: exI[of _ N])
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   327
next
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   328
  fix N assume "\<forall>n<N. P n" 
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   329
  moreover from lt_ex[of N] guess y ..
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   330
  ultimately show "\<exists>N. \<forall>n\<le>N. P n" by (auto intro!: exI[of _ y])
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   331
qed
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   332
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   333
subsection {* Sequentially *}
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   334
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
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diff changeset
   335
abbreviation sequentially :: "nat filter"
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   336
  where "sequentially == at_top"
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   337
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
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diff changeset
   338
lemma sequentially_def: "sequentially = Abs_filter (\<lambda>P. \<exists>k. \<forall>n\<ge>k. P n)"
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   339
  unfolding at_top_def by simp
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   340
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
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diff changeset
   341
lemma eventually_sequentially:
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
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parents: 49834
diff changeset
   342
  "eventually P sequentially \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>N. \<forall>n\<ge>N. P n)"
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   343
  by (rule eventually_at_top_linorder)
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
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diff changeset
   344
44342
8321948340ea redefine constant 'trivial_limit' as an abbreviation
huffman
parents: 44282
diff changeset
   345
lemma sequentially_bot [simp, intro]: "sequentially \<noteq> bot"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   346
  unfolding filter_eq_iff eventually_sequentially by auto
36662
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parents: 36656
diff changeset
   347
44342
8321948340ea redefine constant 'trivial_limit' as an abbreviation
huffman
parents: 44282
diff changeset
   348
lemmas trivial_limit_sequentially = sequentially_bot
8321948340ea redefine constant 'trivial_limit' as an abbreviation
huffman
parents: 44282
diff changeset
   349
36662
621122eeb138 generalize types of LIMSEQ and LIM; generalize many lemmas
huffman
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diff changeset
   350
lemma eventually_False_sequentially [simp]:
621122eeb138 generalize types of LIMSEQ and LIM; generalize many lemmas
huffman
parents: 36656
diff changeset
   351
  "\<not> eventually (\<lambda>n. False) sequentially"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   352
  by (simp add: eventually_False)
36662
621122eeb138 generalize types of LIMSEQ and LIM; generalize many lemmas
huffman
parents: 36656
diff changeset
   353
621122eeb138 generalize types of LIMSEQ and LIM; generalize many lemmas
huffman
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diff changeset
   354
lemma le_sequentially:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   355
  "F \<le> sequentially \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>N. eventually (\<lambda>n. N \<le> n) F)"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   356
  unfolding le_filter_def eventually_sequentially
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   357
  by (safe, fast, drule_tac x=N in spec, auto elim: eventually_rev_mp)
36662
621122eeb138 generalize types of LIMSEQ and LIM; generalize many lemmas
huffman
parents: 36656
diff changeset
   358
45892
8dcf6692433f add lemmas about limits
noschinl
parents: 45294
diff changeset
   359
lemma eventually_sequentiallyI:
8dcf6692433f add lemmas about limits
noschinl
parents: 45294
diff changeset
   360
  assumes "\<And>x. c \<le> x \<Longrightarrow> P x"
8dcf6692433f add lemmas about limits
noschinl
parents: 45294
diff changeset
   361
  shows "eventually P sequentially"
8dcf6692433f add lemmas about limits
noschinl
parents: 45294
diff changeset
   362
using assms by (auto simp: eventually_sequentially)
8dcf6692433f add lemmas about limits
noschinl
parents: 45294
diff changeset
   363
36662
621122eeb138 generalize types of LIMSEQ and LIM; generalize many lemmas
huffman
parents: 36656
diff changeset
   364
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   365
subsection {* Standard filters *}
36662
621122eeb138 generalize types of LIMSEQ and LIM; generalize many lemmas
huffman
parents: 36656
diff changeset
   366
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   367
definition within :: "'a filter \<Rightarrow> 'a set \<Rightarrow> 'a filter" (infixr "within" 70)
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   368
  where "F within S = Abs_filter (\<lambda>P. eventually (\<lambda>x. x \<in> S \<longrightarrow> P x) F)"
31392
69570155ddf8 replace filters with filter bases
huffman
parents: 31357
diff changeset
   369
44206
5e4a1664106e locale-ize some constant definitions, so complete_space can inherit from metric_space
huffman
parents: 44205
diff changeset
   370
definition (in topological_space) nhds :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'a filter"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   371
  where "nhds a = Abs_filter (\<lambda>P. \<exists>S. open S \<and> a \<in> S \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>S. P x))"
36654
7c8eb32724ce add constants netmap and nhds
huffman
parents: 36630
diff changeset
   372
44206
5e4a1664106e locale-ize some constant definitions, so complete_space can inherit from metric_space
huffman
parents: 44205
diff changeset
   373
definition (in topological_space) at :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'a filter"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   374
  where "at a = nhds a within - {a}"
31447
97bab1ac463e generalize type of 'at' to topological_space; generalize some lemmas
huffman
parents: 31392
diff changeset
   375
50326
b5afeccab2db add filterlim rules for exp and ln to infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50325
diff changeset
   376
abbreviation at_right :: "'a\<Colon>{topological_space, order} \<Rightarrow> 'a filter" where
b5afeccab2db add filterlim rules for exp and ln to infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50325
diff changeset
   377
  "at_right x \<equiv> at x within {x <..}"
b5afeccab2db add filterlim rules for exp and ln to infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50325
diff changeset
   378
b5afeccab2db add filterlim rules for exp and ln to infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50325
diff changeset
   379
abbreviation at_left :: "'a\<Colon>{topological_space, order} \<Rightarrow> 'a filter" where
b5afeccab2db add filterlim rules for exp and ln to infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50325
diff changeset
   380
  "at_left x \<equiv> at x within {..< x}"
b5afeccab2db add filterlim rules for exp and ln to infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50325
diff changeset
   381
50324
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
   382
definition at_infinity :: "'a::real_normed_vector filter" where
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
   383
  "at_infinity = Abs_filter (\<lambda>P. \<exists>r. \<forall>x. r \<le> norm x \<longrightarrow> P x)"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
   384
31392
69570155ddf8 replace filters with filter bases
huffman
parents: 31357
diff changeset
   385
lemma eventually_within:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   386
  "eventually P (F within S) = eventually (\<lambda>x. x \<in> S \<longrightarrow> P x) F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   387
  unfolding within_def
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   388
  by (rule eventually_Abs_filter, rule is_filter.intro)
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   389
     (auto elim!: eventually_rev_mp)
31392
69570155ddf8 replace filters with filter bases
huffman
parents: 31357
diff changeset
   390
45031
9583f2b56f85 add lemmas within_empty and tendsto_bot;
huffman
parents: 44627
diff changeset
   391
lemma within_UNIV [simp]: "F within UNIV = F"
9583f2b56f85 add lemmas within_empty and tendsto_bot;
huffman
parents: 44627
diff changeset
   392
  unfolding filter_eq_iff eventually_within by simp
9583f2b56f85 add lemmas within_empty and tendsto_bot;
huffman
parents: 44627
diff changeset
   393
9583f2b56f85 add lemmas within_empty and tendsto_bot;
huffman
parents: 44627
diff changeset
   394
lemma within_empty [simp]: "F within {} = bot"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   395
  unfolding filter_eq_iff eventually_within by simp
36360
9d8f7efd9289 define finer-than ordering on net type; move some theorems into Limits.thy
huffman
parents: 36358
diff changeset
   396
50247
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   397
lemma within_le: "F within S \<le> F"
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   398
  unfolding le_filter_def eventually_within by (auto elim: eventually_elim1)
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   399
50323
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
   400
lemma le_withinI: "F \<le> F' \<Longrightarrow> eventually (\<lambda>x. x \<in> S) F \<Longrightarrow> F \<le> F' within S"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
   401
  unfolding le_filter_def eventually_within by (auto elim: eventually_elim2)
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
   402
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
   403
lemma le_within_iff: "eventually (\<lambda>x. x \<in> S) F \<Longrightarrow> F \<le> F' within S \<longleftrightarrow> F \<le> F'"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
   404
  by (blast intro: within_le le_withinI order_trans)
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
   405
36654
7c8eb32724ce add constants netmap and nhds
huffman
parents: 36630
diff changeset
   406
lemma eventually_nhds:
7c8eb32724ce add constants netmap and nhds
huffman
parents: 36630
diff changeset
   407
  "eventually P (nhds a) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>S. open S \<and> a \<in> S \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>S. P x))"
7c8eb32724ce add constants netmap and nhds
huffman
parents: 36630
diff changeset
   408
unfolding nhds_def
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   409
proof (rule eventually_Abs_filter, rule is_filter.intro)
36654
7c8eb32724ce add constants netmap and nhds
huffman
parents: 36630
diff changeset
   410
  have "open UNIV \<and> a \<in> UNIV \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>UNIV. True)" by simp
50324
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
   411
  thus "\<exists>S. open S \<and> a \<in> S \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>S. True)" ..
36358
246493d61204 define nets directly as filters, instead of as filter bases
huffman
parents: 31902
diff changeset
   412
next
246493d61204 define nets directly as filters, instead of as filter bases
huffman
parents: 31902
diff changeset
   413
  fix P Q
36654
7c8eb32724ce add constants netmap and nhds
huffman
parents: 36630
diff changeset
   414
  assume "\<exists>S. open S \<and> a \<in> S \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>S. P x)"
7c8eb32724ce add constants netmap and nhds
huffman
parents: 36630
diff changeset
   415
     and "\<exists>T. open T \<and> a \<in> T \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>T. Q x)"
36358
246493d61204 define nets directly as filters, instead of as filter bases
huffman
parents: 31902
diff changeset
   416
  then obtain S T where
36654
7c8eb32724ce add constants netmap and nhds
huffman
parents: 36630
diff changeset
   417
    "open S \<and> a \<in> S \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>S. P x)"
7c8eb32724ce add constants netmap and nhds
huffman
parents: 36630
diff changeset
   418
    "open T \<and> a \<in> T \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>T. Q x)" by auto
7c8eb32724ce add constants netmap and nhds
huffman
parents: 36630
diff changeset
   419
  hence "open (S \<inter> T) \<and> a \<in> S \<inter> T \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>(S \<inter> T). P x \<and> Q x)"
36358
246493d61204 define nets directly as filters, instead of as filter bases
huffman
parents: 31902
diff changeset
   420
    by (simp add: open_Int)
50324
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
   421
  thus "\<exists>S. open S \<and> a \<in> S \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>S. P x \<and> Q x)" ..
36358
246493d61204 define nets directly as filters, instead of as filter bases
huffman
parents: 31902
diff changeset
   422
qed auto
31447
97bab1ac463e generalize type of 'at' to topological_space; generalize some lemmas
huffman
parents: 31392
diff changeset
   423
36656
fec55067ae9b add lemmas eventually_nhds_metric and tendsto_mono
huffman
parents: 36655
diff changeset
   424
lemma eventually_nhds_metric:
fec55067ae9b add lemmas eventually_nhds_metric and tendsto_mono
huffman
parents: 36655
diff changeset
   425
  "eventually P (nhds a) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>d>0. \<forall>x. dist x a < d \<longrightarrow> P x)"
fec55067ae9b add lemmas eventually_nhds_metric and tendsto_mono
huffman
parents: 36655
diff changeset
   426
unfolding eventually_nhds open_dist
31447
97bab1ac463e generalize type of 'at' to topological_space; generalize some lemmas
huffman
parents: 31392
diff changeset
   427
apply safe
97bab1ac463e generalize type of 'at' to topological_space; generalize some lemmas
huffman
parents: 31392
diff changeset
   428
apply fast
31492
5400beeddb55 replace 'topo' with 'open'; add extra type constraint for 'open'
huffman
parents: 31488
diff changeset
   429
apply (rule_tac x="{x. dist x a < d}" in exI, simp)
31447
97bab1ac463e generalize type of 'at' to topological_space; generalize some lemmas
huffman
parents: 31392
diff changeset
   430
apply clarsimp
97bab1ac463e generalize type of 'at' to topological_space; generalize some lemmas
huffman
parents: 31392
diff changeset
   431
apply (rule_tac x="d - dist x a" in exI, clarsimp)
97bab1ac463e generalize type of 'at' to topological_space; generalize some lemmas
huffman
parents: 31392
diff changeset
   432
apply (simp only: less_diff_eq)
97bab1ac463e generalize type of 'at' to topological_space; generalize some lemmas
huffman
parents: 31392
diff changeset
   433
apply (erule le_less_trans [OF dist_triangle])
97bab1ac463e generalize type of 'at' to topological_space; generalize some lemmas
huffman
parents: 31392
diff changeset
   434
done
97bab1ac463e generalize type of 'at' to topological_space; generalize some lemmas
huffman
parents: 31392
diff changeset
   435
44571
bd91b77c4cd6 move class perfect_space into RealVector.thy;
huffman
parents: 44568
diff changeset
   436
lemma nhds_neq_bot [simp]: "nhds a \<noteq> bot"
bd91b77c4cd6 move class perfect_space into RealVector.thy;
huffman
parents: 44568
diff changeset
   437
  unfolding trivial_limit_def eventually_nhds by simp
bd91b77c4cd6 move class perfect_space into RealVector.thy;
huffman
parents: 44568
diff changeset
   438
36656
fec55067ae9b add lemmas eventually_nhds_metric and tendsto_mono
huffman
parents: 36655
diff changeset
   439
lemma eventually_at_topological:
fec55067ae9b add lemmas eventually_nhds_metric and tendsto_mono
huffman
parents: 36655
diff changeset
   440
  "eventually P (at a) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>S. open S \<and> a \<in> S \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>S. x \<noteq> a \<longrightarrow> P x))"
fec55067ae9b add lemmas eventually_nhds_metric and tendsto_mono
huffman
parents: 36655
diff changeset
   441
unfolding at_def eventually_within eventually_nhds by simp
fec55067ae9b add lemmas eventually_nhds_metric and tendsto_mono
huffman
parents: 36655
diff changeset
   442
fec55067ae9b add lemmas eventually_nhds_metric and tendsto_mono
huffman
parents: 36655
diff changeset
   443
lemma eventually_at:
fec55067ae9b add lemmas eventually_nhds_metric and tendsto_mono
huffman
parents: 36655
diff changeset
   444
  fixes a :: "'a::metric_space"
fec55067ae9b add lemmas eventually_nhds_metric and tendsto_mono
huffman
parents: 36655
diff changeset
   445
  shows "eventually P (at a) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>d>0. \<forall>x. x \<noteq> a \<and> dist x a < d \<longrightarrow> P x)"
fec55067ae9b add lemmas eventually_nhds_metric and tendsto_mono
huffman
parents: 36655
diff changeset
   446
unfolding at_def eventually_within eventually_nhds_metric by auto
fec55067ae9b add lemmas eventually_nhds_metric and tendsto_mono
huffman
parents: 36655
diff changeset
   447
50327
bbea2e82871c add L'Hôpital's rule
hoelzl
parents: 50326
diff changeset
   448
lemma eventually_within_less: (* COPY FROM Topo/eventually_within *)
bbea2e82871c add L'Hôpital's rule
hoelzl
parents: 50326
diff changeset
   449
  "eventually P (at a within S) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>d>0. \<forall>x\<in>S. 0 < dist x a \<and> dist x a < d \<longrightarrow> P x)"
bbea2e82871c add L'Hôpital's rule
hoelzl
parents: 50326
diff changeset
   450
  unfolding eventually_within eventually_at dist_nz by auto
bbea2e82871c add L'Hôpital's rule
hoelzl
parents: 50326
diff changeset
   451
bbea2e82871c add L'Hôpital's rule
hoelzl
parents: 50326
diff changeset
   452
lemma eventually_within_le: (* COPY FROM Topo/eventually_within_le *)
bbea2e82871c add L'Hôpital's rule
hoelzl
parents: 50326
diff changeset
   453
  "eventually P (at a within S) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>d>0. \<forall>x\<in>S. 0 < dist x a \<and> dist x a <= d \<longrightarrow> P x)"
bbea2e82871c add L'Hôpital's rule
hoelzl
parents: 50326
diff changeset
   454
  unfolding eventually_within_less by auto (metis dense order_le_less_trans)
bbea2e82871c add L'Hôpital's rule
hoelzl
parents: 50326
diff changeset
   455
44571
bd91b77c4cd6 move class perfect_space into RealVector.thy;
huffman
parents: 44568
diff changeset
   456
lemma at_eq_bot_iff: "at a = bot \<longleftrightarrow> open {a}"
bd91b77c4cd6 move class perfect_space into RealVector.thy;
huffman
parents: 44568
diff changeset
   457
  unfolding trivial_limit_def eventually_at_topological
bd91b77c4cd6 move class perfect_space into RealVector.thy;
huffman
parents: 44568
diff changeset
   458
  by (safe, case_tac "S = {a}", simp, fast, fast)
bd91b77c4cd6 move class perfect_space into RealVector.thy;
huffman
parents: 44568
diff changeset
   459
bd91b77c4cd6 move class perfect_space into RealVector.thy;
huffman
parents: 44568
diff changeset
   460
lemma at_neq_bot [simp]: "at (a::'a::perfect_space) \<noteq> bot"
bd91b77c4cd6 move class perfect_space into RealVector.thy;
huffman
parents: 44568
diff changeset
   461
  by (simp add: at_eq_bot_iff not_open_singleton)
bd91b77c4cd6 move class perfect_space into RealVector.thy;
huffman
parents: 44568
diff changeset
   462
50324
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
   463
lemma eventually_at_infinity:
50325
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   464
  "eventually P at_infinity \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>b. \<forall>x. b \<le> norm x \<longrightarrow> P x)"
50324
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
   465
unfolding at_infinity_def
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
   466
proof (rule eventually_Abs_filter, rule is_filter.intro)
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
   467
  fix P Q :: "'a \<Rightarrow> bool"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
   468
  assume "\<exists>r. \<forall>x. r \<le> norm x \<longrightarrow> P x" and "\<exists>s. \<forall>x. s \<le> norm x \<longrightarrow> Q x"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
   469
  then obtain r s where
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
   470
    "\<forall>x. r \<le> norm x \<longrightarrow> P x" and "\<forall>x. s \<le> norm x \<longrightarrow> Q x" by auto
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
   471
  then have "\<forall>x. max r s \<le> norm x \<longrightarrow> P x \<and> Q x" by simp
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
   472
  then show "\<exists>r. \<forall>x. r \<le> norm x \<longrightarrow> P x \<and> Q x" ..
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
   473
qed auto
31392
69570155ddf8 replace filters with filter bases
huffman
parents: 31357
diff changeset
   474
50325
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   475
lemma at_infinity_eq_at_top_bot:
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   476
  "(at_infinity \<Colon> real filter) = sup at_top at_bot"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   477
  unfolding sup_filter_def at_infinity_def eventually_at_top_linorder eventually_at_bot_linorder
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   478
proof (intro arg_cong[where f=Abs_filter] ext iffI)
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   479
  fix P :: "real \<Rightarrow> bool" assume "\<exists>r. \<forall>x. r \<le> norm x \<longrightarrow> P x"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   480
  then guess r ..
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   481
  then have "(\<forall>x\<ge>r. P x) \<and> (\<forall>x\<le>-r. P x)" by auto
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   482
  then show "(\<exists>r. \<forall>x\<ge>r. P x) \<and> (\<exists>r. \<forall>x\<le>r. P x)" by auto
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   483
next
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   484
  fix P :: "real \<Rightarrow> bool" assume "(\<exists>r. \<forall>x\<ge>r. P x) \<and> (\<exists>r. \<forall>x\<le>r. P x)"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   485
  then obtain p q where "\<forall>x\<ge>p. P x" "\<forall>x\<le>q. P x" by auto
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   486
  then show "\<exists>r. \<forall>x. r \<le> norm x \<longrightarrow> P x"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   487
    by (intro exI[of _ "max p (-q)"])
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   488
       (auto simp: abs_real_def)
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   489
qed
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   490
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   491
lemma at_top_le_at_infinity:
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   492
  "at_top \<le> (at_infinity :: real filter)"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   493
  unfolding at_infinity_eq_at_top_bot by simp
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   494
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   495
lemma at_bot_le_at_infinity:
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   496
  "at_bot \<le> (at_infinity :: real filter)"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   497
  unfolding at_infinity_eq_at_top_bot by simp
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   498
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   499
subsection {* Boundedness *}
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   500
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   501
definition Bfun :: "('a \<Rightarrow> 'b::real_normed_vector) \<Rightarrow> 'a filter \<Rightarrow> bool"
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   502
  where "Bfun f F = (\<exists>K>0. eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x) \<le> K) F)"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   503
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   504
lemma BfunI:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   505
  assumes K: "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x) \<le> K) F" shows "Bfun f F"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   506
unfolding Bfun_def
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   507
proof (intro exI conjI allI)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   508
  show "0 < max K 1" by simp
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   509
next
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   510
  show "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x) \<le> max K 1) F"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   511
    using K by (rule eventually_elim1, simp)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   512
qed
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   513
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   514
lemma BfunE:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   515
  assumes "Bfun f F"
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   516
  obtains B where "0 < B" and "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x) \<le> B) F"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   517
using assms unfolding Bfun_def by fast
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   518
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   519
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   520
subsection {* Convergence to Zero *}
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   521
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   522
definition Zfun :: "('a \<Rightarrow> 'b::real_normed_vector) \<Rightarrow> 'a filter \<Rightarrow> bool"
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   523
  where "Zfun f F = (\<forall>r>0. eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x) < r) F)"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   524
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   525
lemma ZfunI:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   526
  "(\<And>r. 0 < r \<Longrightarrow> eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x) < r) F) \<Longrightarrow> Zfun f F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   527
  unfolding Zfun_def by simp
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   528
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   529
lemma ZfunD:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   530
  "\<lbrakk>Zfun f F; 0 < r\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x) < r) F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   531
  unfolding Zfun_def by simp
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   532
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   533
lemma Zfun_ssubst:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   534
  "eventually (\<lambda>x. f x = g x) F \<Longrightarrow> Zfun g F \<Longrightarrow> Zfun f F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   535
  unfolding Zfun_def by (auto elim!: eventually_rev_mp)
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   536
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   537
lemma Zfun_zero: "Zfun (\<lambda>x. 0) F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   538
  unfolding Zfun_def by simp
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   539
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   540
lemma Zfun_norm_iff: "Zfun (\<lambda>x. norm (f x)) F = Zfun (\<lambda>x. f x) F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   541
  unfolding Zfun_def by simp
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   542
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   543
lemma Zfun_imp_Zfun:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   544
  assumes f: "Zfun f F"
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   545
  assumes g: "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (g x) \<le> norm (f x) * K) F"
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   546
  shows "Zfun (\<lambda>x. g x) F"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   547
proof (cases)
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   548
  assume K: "0 < K"
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   549
  show ?thesis
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   550
  proof (rule ZfunI)
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   551
    fix r::real assume "0 < r"
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   552
    hence "0 < r / K"
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   553
      using K by (rule divide_pos_pos)
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   554
    then have "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x) < r / K) F"
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   555
      using ZfunD [OF f] by fast
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   556
    with g show "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (g x) < r) F"
46887
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
   557
    proof eventually_elim
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
   558
      case (elim x)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   559
      hence "norm (f x) * K < r"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   560
        by (simp add: pos_less_divide_eq K)
46887
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
   561
      thus ?case
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
   562
        by (simp add: order_le_less_trans [OF elim(1)])
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   563
    qed
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   564
  qed
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   565
next
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   566
  assume "\<not> 0 < K"
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   567
  hence K: "K \<le> 0" by (simp only: not_less)
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   568
  show ?thesis
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   569
  proof (rule ZfunI)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   570
    fix r :: real
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   571
    assume "0 < r"
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   572
    from g show "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (g x) < r) F"
46887
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
   573
    proof eventually_elim
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
   574
      case (elim x)
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
   575
      also have "norm (f x) * K \<le> norm (f x) * 0"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   576
        using K norm_ge_zero by (rule mult_left_mono)
46887
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
   577
      finally show ?case
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   578
        using `0 < r` by simp
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   579
    qed
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   580
  qed
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   581
qed
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   582
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   583
lemma Zfun_le: "\<lbrakk>Zfun g F; \<forall>x. norm (f x) \<le> norm (g x)\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> Zfun f F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   584
  by (erule_tac K="1" in Zfun_imp_Zfun, simp)
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   585
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   586
lemma Zfun_add:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   587
  assumes f: "Zfun f F" and g: "Zfun g F"
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   588
  shows "Zfun (\<lambda>x. f x + g x) F"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   589
proof (rule ZfunI)
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   590
  fix r::real assume "0 < r"
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   591
  hence r: "0 < r / 2" by simp
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   592
  have "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x) < r/2) F"
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   593
    using f r by (rule ZfunD)
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   594
  moreover
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   595
  have "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (g x) < r/2) F"
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   596
    using g r by (rule ZfunD)
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   597
  ultimately
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   598
  show "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x + g x) < r) F"
46887
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
   599
  proof eventually_elim
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
   600
    case (elim x)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   601
    have "norm (f x + g x) \<le> norm (f x) + norm (g x)"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   602
      by (rule norm_triangle_ineq)
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   603
    also have "\<dots> < r/2 + r/2"
46887
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
   604
      using elim by (rule add_strict_mono)
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
   605
    finally show ?case
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   606
      by simp
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   607
  qed
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   608
qed
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   609
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   610
lemma Zfun_minus: "Zfun f F \<Longrightarrow> Zfun (\<lambda>x. - f x) F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   611
  unfolding Zfun_def by simp
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   612
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   613
lemma Zfun_diff: "\<lbrakk>Zfun f F; Zfun g F\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> Zfun (\<lambda>x. f x - g x) F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   614
  by (simp only: diff_minus Zfun_add Zfun_minus)
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   615
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   616
lemma (in bounded_linear) Zfun:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   617
  assumes g: "Zfun g F"
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   618
  shows "Zfun (\<lambda>x. f (g x)) F"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   619
proof -
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   620
  obtain K where "\<And>x. norm (f x) \<le> norm x * K"
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   621
    using bounded by fast
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   622
  then have "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f (g x)) \<le> norm (g x) * K) F"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   623
    by simp
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   624
  with g show ?thesis
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   625
    by (rule Zfun_imp_Zfun)
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   626
qed
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   627
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   628
lemma (in bounded_bilinear) Zfun:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   629
  assumes f: "Zfun f F"
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   630
  assumes g: "Zfun g F"
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   631
  shows "Zfun (\<lambda>x. f x ** g x) F"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   632
proof (rule ZfunI)
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   633
  fix r::real assume r: "0 < r"
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   634
  obtain K where K: "0 < K"
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   635
    and norm_le: "\<And>x y. norm (x ** y) \<le> norm x * norm y * K"
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   636
    using pos_bounded by fast
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   637
  from K have K': "0 < inverse K"
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   638
    by (rule positive_imp_inverse_positive)
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   639
  have "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x) < r) F"
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   640
    using f r by (rule ZfunD)
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   641
  moreover
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   642
  have "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (g x) < inverse K) F"
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   643
    using g K' by (rule ZfunD)
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   644
  ultimately
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   645
  show "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x ** g x) < r) F"
46887
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
   646
  proof eventually_elim
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
   647
    case (elim x)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   648
    have "norm (f x ** g x) \<le> norm (f x) * norm (g x) * K"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   649
      by (rule norm_le)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   650
    also have "norm (f x) * norm (g x) * K < r * inverse K * K"
46887
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
   651
      by (intro mult_strict_right_mono mult_strict_mono' norm_ge_zero elim K)
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   652
    also from K have "r * inverse K * K = r"
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   653
      by simp
46887
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
   654
    finally show ?case .
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   655
  qed
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   656
qed
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   657
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   658
lemma (in bounded_bilinear) Zfun_left:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   659
  "Zfun f F \<Longrightarrow> Zfun (\<lambda>x. f x ** a) F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   660
  by (rule bounded_linear_left [THEN bounded_linear.Zfun])
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   661
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   662
lemma (in bounded_bilinear) Zfun_right:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   663
  "Zfun f F \<Longrightarrow> Zfun (\<lambda>x. a ** f x) F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   664
  by (rule bounded_linear_right [THEN bounded_linear.Zfun])
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   665
44282
f0de18b62d63 remove bounded_(bi)linear locale interpretations, to avoid duplicating so many lemmas
huffman
parents: 44253
diff changeset
   666
lemmas Zfun_mult = bounded_bilinear.Zfun [OF bounded_bilinear_mult]
f0de18b62d63 remove bounded_(bi)linear locale interpretations, to avoid duplicating so many lemmas
huffman
parents: 44253
diff changeset
   667
lemmas Zfun_mult_right = bounded_bilinear.Zfun_right [OF bounded_bilinear_mult]
f0de18b62d63 remove bounded_(bi)linear locale interpretations, to avoid duplicating so many lemmas
huffman
parents: 44253
diff changeset
   668
lemmas Zfun_mult_left = bounded_bilinear.Zfun_left [OF bounded_bilinear_mult]
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   669
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   670
31902
862ae16a799d renamed NamedThmsFun to Named_Thms;
wenzelm
parents: 31588
diff changeset
   671
subsection {* Limits *}
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   672
50322
b06b95a5fda2 rename filter_lim to filterlim to be consistent with filtermap
hoelzl
parents: 50247
diff changeset
   673
definition filterlim :: "('a \<Rightarrow> 'b) \<Rightarrow> 'b filter \<Rightarrow> 'a filter \<Rightarrow> bool" where
b06b95a5fda2 rename filter_lim to filterlim to be consistent with filtermap
hoelzl
parents: 50247
diff changeset
   674
  "filterlim f F2 F1 \<longleftrightarrow> filtermap f F1 \<le> F2"
50247
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   675
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   676
syntax
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   677
  "_LIM" :: "pttrns \<Rightarrow> 'a \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'a \<Rightarrow> bool" ("(3LIM (_)/ (_)./ (_) :> (_))" [1000, 10, 0, 10] 10)
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   678
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   679
translations
50322
b06b95a5fda2 rename filter_lim to filterlim to be consistent with filtermap
hoelzl
parents: 50247
diff changeset
   680
  "LIM x F1. f :> F2"   == "CONST filterlim (%x. f) F2 F1"
50247
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   681
50325
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   682
lemma filterlim_iff:
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   683
  "(LIM x F1. f x :> F2) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>P. eventually P F2 \<longrightarrow> eventually (\<lambda>x. P (f x)) F1)"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   684
  unfolding filterlim_def le_filter_def eventually_filtermap ..
50247
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   685
50327
bbea2e82871c add L'Hôpital's rule
hoelzl
parents: 50326
diff changeset
   686
lemma filterlim_compose:
50323
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
   687
  "filterlim g F3 F2 \<Longrightarrow> filterlim f F2 F1 \<Longrightarrow> filterlim (\<lambda>x. g (f x)) F3 F1"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
   688
  unfolding filterlim_def filtermap_filtermap[symmetric] by (metis filtermap_mono order_trans)
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
   689
50327
bbea2e82871c add L'Hôpital's rule
hoelzl
parents: 50326
diff changeset
   690
lemma filterlim_mono:
50323
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
   691
  "filterlim f F2 F1 \<Longrightarrow> F2 \<le> F2' \<Longrightarrow> F1' \<le> F1 \<Longrightarrow> filterlim f F2' F1'"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
   692
  unfolding filterlim_def by (metis filtermap_mono order_trans)
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
   693
50327
bbea2e82871c add L'Hôpital's rule
hoelzl
parents: 50326
diff changeset
   694
lemma filterlim_cong:
bbea2e82871c add L'Hôpital's rule
hoelzl
parents: 50326
diff changeset
   695
  "F1 = F1' \<Longrightarrow> F2 = F2' \<Longrightarrow> eventually (\<lambda>x. f x = g x) F2 \<Longrightarrow> filterlim f F1 F2 = filterlim g F1' F2'"
bbea2e82871c add L'Hôpital's rule
hoelzl
parents: 50326
diff changeset
   696
  by (auto simp: filterlim_def le_filter_def eventually_filtermap elim: eventually_elim2)
bbea2e82871c add L'Hôpital's rule
hoelzl
parents: 50326
diff changeset
   697
50325
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   698
lemma filterlim_within:
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   699
  "(LIM x F1. f x :> F2 within S) \<longleftrightarrow> (eventually (\<lambda>x. f x \<in> S) F1 \<and> (LIM x F1. f x :> F2))"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   700
  unfolding filterlim_def
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   701
proof safe
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   702
  assume "filtermap f F1 \<le> F2 within S" then show "eventually (\<lambda>x. f x \<in> S) F1"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   703
    by (auto simp: le_filter_def eventually_filtermap eventually_within elim!: allE[of _ "\<lambda>x. x \<in> S"])
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   704
qed (auto intro: within_le order_trans simp: le_within_iff eventually_filtermap)
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   705
50247
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   706
abbreviation (in topological_space)
44206
5e4a1664106e locale-ize some constant definitions, so complete_space can inherit from metric_space
huffman
parents: 44205
diff changeset
   707
  tendsto :: "('b \<Rightarrow> 'a) \<Rightarrow> 'a \<Rightarrow> 'b filter \<Rightarrow> bool" (infixr "--->" 55) where
50322
b06b95a5fda2 rename filter_lim to filterlim to be consistent with filtermap
hoelzl
parents: 50247
diff changeset
   708
  "(f ---> l) F \<equiv> filterlim f (nhds l) F"
45892
8dcf6692433f add lemmas about limits
noschinl
parents: 45294
diff changeset
   709
31902
862ae16a799d renamed NamedThmsFun to Named_Thms;
wenzelm
parents: 31588
diff changeset
   710
ML {*
862ae16a799d renamed NamedThmsFun to Named_Thms;
wenzelm
parents: 31588
diff changeset
   711
structure Tendsto_Intros = Named_Thms
862ae16a799d renamed NamedThmsFun to Named_Thms;
wenzelm
parents: 31588
diff changeset
   712
(
45294
3c5d3d286055 tuned Named_Thms: proper binding;
wenzelm
parents: 45031
diff changeset
   713
  val name = @{binding tendsto_intros}
31902
862ae16a799d renamed NamedThmsFun to Named_Thms;
wenzelm
parents: 31588
diff changeset
   714
  val description = "introduction rules for tendsto"
862ae16a799d renamed NamedThmsFun to Named_Thms;
wenzelm
parents: 31588
diff changeset
   715
)
31565
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   716
*}
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   717
31902
862ae16a799d renamed NamedThmsFun to Named_Thms;
wenzelm
parents: 31588
diff changeset
   718
setup Tendsto_Intros.setup
31565
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   719
50247
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   720
lemma tendsto_def: "(f ---> l) F \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>S. open S \<longrightarrow> l \<in> S \<longrightarrow> eventually (\<lambda>x. f x \<in> S) F)"
50322
b06b95a5fda2 rename filter_lim to filterlim to be consistent with filtermap
hoelzl
parents: 50247
diff changeset
   721
  unfolding filterlim_def
50247
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   722
proof safe
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   723
  fix S assume "open S" "l \<in> S" "filtermap f F \<le> nhds l"
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   724
  then show "eventually (\<lambda>x. f x \<in> S) F"
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   725
    unfolding eventually_nhds eventually_filtermap le_filter_def
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   726
    by (auto elim!: allE[of _ "\<lambda>x. x \<in> S"] eventually_rev_mp)
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   727
qed (auto elim!: eventually_rev_mp simp: eventually_nhds eventually_filtermap le_filter_def)
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
   728
50325
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   729
lemma filterlim_at:
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   730
  "(LIM x F. f x :> at b) \<longleftrightarrow> (eventually (\<lambda>x. f x \<noteq> b) F \<and> (f ---> b) F)"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   731
  by (simp add: at_def filterlim_within)
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   732
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   733
lemma tendsto_mono: "F \<le> F' \<Longrightarrow> (f ---> l) F' \<Longrightarrow> (f ---> l) F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   734
  unfolding tendsto_def le_filter_def by fast
36656
fec55067ae9b add lemmas eventually_nhds_metric and tendsto_mono
huffman
parents: 36655
diff changeset
   735
31488
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   736
lemma topological_tendstoI:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   737
  "(\<And>S. open S \<Longrightarrow> l \<in> S \<Longrightarrow> eventually (\<lambda>x. f x \<in> S) F)
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   738
    \<Longrightarrow> (f ---> l) F"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   739
  unfolding tendsto_def by auto
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   740
31488
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   741
lemma topological_tendstoD:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   742
  "(f ---> l) F \<Longrightarrow> open S \<Longrightarrow> l \<in> S \<Longrightarrow> eventually (\<lambda>x. f x \<in> S) F"
31488
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   743
  unfolding tendsto_def by auto
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   744
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   745
lemma tendstoI:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   746
  assumes "\<And>e. 0 < e \<Longrightarrow> eventually (\<lambda>x. dist (f x) l < e) F"
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   747
  shows "(f ---> l) F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   748
  apply (rule topological_tendstoI)
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   749
  apply (simp add: open_dist)
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   750
  apply (drule (1) bspec, clarify)
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   751
  apply (drule assms)
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   752
  apply (erule eventually_elim1, simp)
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   753
  done
31488
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   754
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   755
lemma tendstoD:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   756
  "(f ---> l) F \<Longrightarrow> 0 < e \<Longrightarrow> eventually (\<lambda>x. dist (f x) l < e) F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   757
  apply (drule_tac S="{x. dist x l < e}" in topological_tendstoD)
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   758
  apply (clarsimp simp add: open_dist)
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   759
  apply (rule_tac x="e - dist x l" in exI, clarsimp)
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   760
  apply (simp only: less_diff_eq)
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   761
  apply (erule le_less_trans [OF dist_triangle])
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   762
  apply simp
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   763
  apply simp
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   764
  done
31488
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   765
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   766
lemma tendsto_iff:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   767
  "(f ---> l) F \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>e>0. eventually (\<lambda>x. dist (f x) l < e) F)"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   768
  using tendstoI tendstoD by fast
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   769
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   770
lemma tendsto_Zfun_iff: "(f ---> a) F = Zfun (\<lambda>x. f x - a) F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   771
  by (simp only: tendsto_iff Zfun_def dist_norm)
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   772
45031
9583f2b56f85 add lemmas within_empty and tendsto_bot;
huffman
parents: 44627
diff changeset
   773
lemma tendsto_bot [simp]: "(f ---> a) bot"
9583f2b56f85 add lemmas within_empty and tendsto_bot;
huffman
parents: 44627
diff changeset
   774
  unfolding tendsto_def by simp
9583f2b56f85 add lemmas within_empty and tendsto_bot;
huffman
parents: 44627
diff changeset
   775
31565
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   776
lemma tendsto_ident_at [tendsto_intros]: "((\<lambda>x. x) ---> a) (at a)"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   777
  unfolding tendsto_def eventually_at_topological by auto
31565
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   778
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   779
lemma tendsto_ident_at_within [tendsto_intros]:
36655
88f0125c3bd2 remove unneeded premise
huffman
parents: 36654
diff changeset
   780
  "((\<lambda>x. x) ---> a) (at a within S)"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   781
  unfolding tendsto_def eventually_within eventually_at_topological by auto
31565
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   782
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   783
lemma tendsto_const [tendsto_intros]: "((\<lambda>x. k) ---> k) F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   784
  by (simp add: tendsto_def)
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   785
44205
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   786
lemma tendsto_unique:
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   787
  fixes f :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'b::t2_space"
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   788
  assumes "\<not> trivial_limit F" and "(f ---> a) F" and "(f ---> b) F"
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   789
  shows "a = b"
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   790
proof (rule ccontr)
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   791
  assume "a \<noteq> b"
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   792
  obtain U V where "open U" "open V" "a \<in> U" "b \<in> V" "U \<inter> V = {}"
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   793
    using hausdorff [OF `a \<noteq> b`] by fast
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   794
  have "eventually (\<lambda>x. f x \<in> U) F"
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   795
    using `(f ---> a) F` `open U` `a \<in> U` by (rule topological_tendstoD)
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   796
  moreover
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   797
  have "eventually (\<lambda>x. f x \<in> V) F"
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   798
    using `(f ---> b) F` `open V` `b \<in> V` by (rule topological_tendstoD)
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   799
  ultimately
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   800
  have "eventually (\<lambda>x. False) F"
46887
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
   801
  proof eventually_elim
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
   802
    case (elim x)
44205
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   803
    hence "f x \<in> U \<inter> V" by simp
46887
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
   804
    with `U \<inter> V = {}` show ?case by simp
44205
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   805
  qed
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   806
  with `\<not> trivial_limit F` show "False"
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   807
    by (simp add: trivial_limit_def)
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   808
qed
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   809
36662
621122eeb138 generalize types of LIMSEQ and LIM; generalize many lemmas
huffman
parents: 36656
diff changeset
   810
lemma tendsto_const_iff:
44205
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   811
  fixes a b :: "'a::t2_space"
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   812
  assumes "\<not> trivial_limit F" shows "((\<lambda>x. a) ---> b) F \<longleftrightarrow> a = b"
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   813
  by (safe intro!: tendsto_const tendsto_unique [OF assms tendsto_const])
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   814
50323
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
   815
lemma tendsto_at_iff_tendsto_nhds:
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
   816
  "(g ---> g l) (at l) \<longleftrightarrow> (g ---> g l) (nhds l)"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
   817
  unfolding tendsto_def at_def eventually_within
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
   818
  by (intro ext all_cong imp_cong) (auto elim!: eventually_elim1)
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
   819
44218
f0e442e24816 add lemma tendsto_compose
huffman
parents: 44206
diff changeset
   820
lemma tendsto_compose:
50323
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
   821
  "(g ---> g l) (at l) \<Longrightarrow> (f ---> l) F \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. g (f x)) ---> g l) F"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
   822
  unfolding tendsto_at_iff_tendsto_nhds by (rule filterlim_compose[of g])
44218
f0e442e24816 add lemma tendsto_compose
huffman
parents: 44206
diff changeset
   823
44253
c073a0bd8458 add lemma tendsto_compose_eventually; use it to shorten some proofs
huffman
parents: 44251
diff changeset
   824
lemma tendsto_compose_eventually:
50325
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   825
  "(g ---> m) (at l) \<Longrightarrow> (f ---> l) F \<Longrightarrow> eventually (\<lambda>x. f x \<noteq> l) F \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. g (f x)) ---> m) F"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
   826
  by (rule filterlim_compose[of g _ "at l"]) (auto simp add: filterlim_at)
44253
c073a0bd8458 add lemma tendsto_compose_eventually; use it to shorten some proofs
huffman
parents: 44251
diff changeset
   827
44251
d101ed3177b6 add lemma metric_tendsto_imp_tendsto
huffman
parents: 44218
diff changeset
   828
lemma metric_tendsto_imp_tendsto:
d101ed3177b6 add lemma metric_tendsto_imp_tendsto
huffman
parents: 44218
diff changeset
   829
  assumes f: "(f ---> a) F"
d101ed3177b6 add lemma metric_tendsto_imp_tendsto
huffman
parents: 44218
diff changeset
   830
  assumes le: "eventually (\<lambda>x. dist (g x) b \<le> dist (f x) a) F"
d101ed3177b6 add lemma metric_tendsto_imp_tendsto
huffman
parents: 44218
diff changeset
   831
  shows "(g ---> b) F"
d101ed3177b6 add lemma metric_tendsto_imp_tendsto
huffman
parents: 44218
diff changeset
   832
proof (rule tendstoI)
d101ed3177b6 add lemma metric_tendsto_imp_tendsto
huffman
parents: 44218
diff changeset
   833
  fix e :: real assume "0 < e"
d101ed3177b6 add lemma metric_tendsto_imp_tendsto
huffman
parents: 44218
diff changeset
   834
  with f have "eventually (\<lambda>x. dist (f x) a < e) F" by (rule tendstoD)
d101ed3177b6 add lemma metric_tendsto_imp_tendsto
huffman
parents: 44218
diff changeset
   835
  with le show "eventually (\<lambda>x. dist (g x) b < e) F"
d101ed3177b6 add lemma metric_tendsto_imp_tendsto
huffman
parents: 44218
diff changeset
   836
    using le_less_trans by (rule eventually_elim2)
d101ed3177b6 add lemma metric_tendsto_imp_tendsto
huffman
parents: 44218
diff changeset
   837
qed
d101ed3177b6 add lemma metric_tendsto_imp_tendsto
huffman
parents: 44218
diff changeset
   838
44205
18da2a87421c generalize constant 'lim' and limit uniqueness theorems to class t2_space
huffman
parents: 44195
diff changeset
   839
subsubsection {* Distance and norms *}
36662
621122eeb138 generalize types of LIMSEQ and LIM; generalize many lemmas
huffman
parents: 36656
diff changeset
   840
31565
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   841
lemma tendsto_dist [tendsto_intros]:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   842
  assumes f: "(f ---> l) F" and g: "(g ---> m) F"
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   843
  shows "((\<lambda>x. dist (f x) (g x)) ---> dist l m) F"
31565
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   844
proof (rule tendstoI)
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   845
  fix e :: real assume "0 < e"
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   846
  hence e2: "0 < e/2" by simp
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   847
  from tendstoD [OF f e2] tendstoD [OF g e2]
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   848
  show "eventually (\<lambda>x. dist (dist (f x) (g x)) (dist l m) < e) F"
46887
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
   849
  proof (eventually_elim)
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
   850
    case (elim x)
31565
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   851
    then show "dist (dist (f x) (g x)) (dist l m) < e"
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   852
      unfolding dist_real_def
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   853
      using dist_triangle2 [of "f x" "g x" "l"]
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   854
      using dist_triangle2 [of "g x" "l" "m"]
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   855
      using dist_triangle3 [of "l" "m" "f x"]
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   856
      using dist_triangle [of "f x" "m" "g x"]
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   857
      by arith
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   858
  qed
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   859
qed
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   860
36662
621122eeb138 generalize types of LIMSEQ and LIM; generalize many lemmas
huffman
parents: 36656
diff changeset
   861
lemma norm_conv_dist: "norm x = dist x 0"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   862
  unfolding dist_norm by simp
36662
621122eeb138 generalize types of LIMSEQ and LIM; generalize many lemmas
huffman
parents: 36656
diff changeset
   863
31565
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   864
lemma tendsto_norm [tendsto_intros]:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   865
  "(f ---> a) F \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. norm (f x)) ---> norm a) F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   866
  unfolding norm_conv_dist by (intro tendsto_intros)
36662
621122eeb138 generalize types of LIMSEQ and LIM; generalize many lemmas
huffman
parents: 36656
diff changeset
   867
621122eeb138 generalize types of LIMSEQ and LIM; generalize many lemmas
huffman
parents: 36656
diff changeset
   868
lemma tendsto_norm_zero:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   869
  "(f ---> 0) F \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. norm (f x)) ---> 0) F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   870
  by (drule tendsto_norm, simp)
36662
621122eeb138 generalize types of LIMSEQ and LIM; generalize many lemmas
huffman
parents: 36656
diff changeset
   871
621122eeb138 generalize types of LIMSEQ and LIM; generalize many lemmas
huffman
parents: 36656
diff changeset
   872
lemma tendsto_norm_zero_cancel:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   873
  "((\<lambda>x. norm (f x)) ---> 0) F \<Longrightarrow> (f ---> 0) F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   874
  unfolding tendsto_iff dist_norm by simp
36662
621122eeb138 generalize types of LIMSEQ and LIM; generalize many lemmas
huffman
parents: 36656
diff changeset
   875
621122eeb138 generalize types of LIMSEQ and LIM; generalize many lemmas
huffman
parents: 36656
diff changeset
   876
lemma tendsto_norm_zero_iff:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   877
  "((\<lambda>x. norm (f x)) ---> 0) F \<longleftrightarrow> (f ---> 0) F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   878
  unfolding tendsto_iff dist_norm by simp
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   879
44194
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   880
lemma tendsto_rabs [tendsto_intros]:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   881
  "(f ---> (l::real)) F \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. \<bar>f x\<bar>) ---> \<bar>l\<bar>) F"
44194
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   882
  by (fold real_norm_def, rule tendsto_norm)
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   883
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   884
lemma tendsto_rabs_zero:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   885
  "(f ---> (0::real)) F \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. \<bar>f x\<bar>) ---> 0) F"
44194
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   886
  by (fold real_norm_def, rule tendsto_norm_zero)
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   887
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   888
lemma tendsto_rabs_zero_cancel:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   889
  "((\<lambda>x. \<bar>f x\<bar>) ---> (0::real)) F \<Longrightarrow> (f ---> 0) F"
44194
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   890
  by (fold real_norm_def, rule tendsto_norm_zero_cancel)
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   891
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   892
lemma tendsto_rabs_zero_iff:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   893
  "((\<lambda>x. \<bar>f x\<bar>) ---> (0::real)) F \<longleftrightarrow> (f ---> 0) F"
44194
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   894
  by (fold real_norm_def, rule tendsto_norm_zero_iff)
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   895
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   896
subsubsection {* Addition and subtraction *}
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   897
31565
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   898
lemma tendsto_add [tendsto_intros]:
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   899
  fixes a b :: "'a::real_normed_vector"
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   900
  shows "\<lbrakk>(f ---> a) F; (g ---> b) F\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. f x + g x) ---> a + b) F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   901
  by (simp only: tendsto_Zfun_iff add_diff_add Zfun_add)
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   902
44194
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   903
lemma tendsto_add_zero:
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   904
  fixes f g :: "'a::type \<Rightarrow> 'b::real_normed_vector"
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   905
  shows "\<lbrakk>(f ---> 0) F; (g ---> 0) F\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. f x + g x) ---> 0) F"
44194
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   906
  by (drule (1) tendsto_add, simp)
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   907
31565
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   908
lemma tendsto_minus [tendsto_intros]:
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   909
  fixes a :: "'a::real_normed_vector"
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   910
  shows "(f ---> a) F \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. - f x) ---> - a) F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   911
  by (simp only: tendsto_Zfun_iff minus_diff_minus Zfun_minus)
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   912
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   913
lemma tendsto_minus_cancel:
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   914
  fixes a :: "'a::real_normed_vector"
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   915
  shows "((\<lambda>x. - f x) ---> - a) F \<Longrightarrow> (f ---> a) F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   916
  by (drule tendsto_minus, simp)
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   917
31565
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   918
lemma tendsto_diff [tendsto_intros]:
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   919
  fixes a b :: "'a::real_normed_vector"
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   920
  shows "\<lbrakk>(f ---> a) F; (g ---> b) F\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. f x - g x) ---> a - b) F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   921
  by (simp add: diff_minus tendsto_add tendsto_minus)
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   922
31588
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   923
lemma tendsto_setsum [tendsto_intros]:
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   924
  fixes f :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'c::real_normed_vector"
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   925
  assumes "\<And>i. i \<in> S \<Longrightarrow> (f i ---> a i) F"
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   926
  shows "((\<lambda>x. \<Sum>i\<in>S. f i x) ---> (\<Sum>i\<in>S. a i)) F"
31588
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   927
proof (cases "finite S")
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   928
  assume "finite S" thus ?thesis using assms
44194
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   929
    by (induct, simp add: tendsto_const, simp add: tendsto_add)
31588
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   930
next
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   931
  assume "\<not> finite S" thus ?thesis
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   932
    by (simp add: tendsto_const)
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   933
qed
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   934
45892
8dcf6692433f add lemmas about limits
noschinl
parents: 45294
diff changeset
   935
lemma real_tendsto_sandwich:
8dcf6692433f add lemmas about limits
noschinl
parents: 45294
diff changeset
   936
  fixes f g h :: "'a \<Rightarrow> real"
8dcf6692433f add lemmas about limits
noschinl
parents: 45294
diff changeset
   937
  assumes ev: "eventually (\<lambda>n. f n \<le> g n) net" "eventually (\<lambda>n. g n \<le> h n) net"
8dcf6692433f add lemmas about limits
noschinl
parents: 45294
diff changeset
   938
  assumes lim: "(f ---> c) net" "(h ---> c) net"
8dcf6692433f add lemmas about limits
noschinl
parents: 45294
diff changeset
   939
  shows "(g ---> c) net"
8dcf6692433f add lemmas about limits
noschinl
parents: 45294
diff changeset
   940
proof -
8dcf6692433f add lemmas about limits
noschinl
parents: 45294
diff changeset
   941
  have "((\<lambda>n. g n - f n) ---> 0) net"
8dcf6692433f add lemmas about limits
noschinl
parents: 45294
diff changeset
   942
  proof (rule metric_tendsto_imp_tendsto)
8dcf6692433f add lemmas about limits
noschinl
parents: 45294
diff changeset
   943
    show "eventually (\<lambda>n. dist (g n - f n) 0 \<le> dist (h n - f n) 0) net"
8dcf6692433f add lemmas about limits
noschinl
parents: 45294
diff changeset
   944
      using ev by (rule eventually_elim2) (simp add: dist_real_def)
8dcf6692433f add lemmas about limits
noschinl
parents: 45294
diff changeset
   945
    show "((\<lambda>n. h n - f n) ---> 0) net"
8dcf6692433f add lemmas about limits
noschinl
parents: 45294
diff changeset
   946
      using tendsto_diff[OF lim(2,1)] by simp
8dcf6692433f add lemmas about limits
noschinl
parents: 45294
diff changeset
   947
  qed
8dcf6692433f add lemmas about limits
noschinl
parents: 45294
diff changeset
   948
  from tendsto_add[OF this lim(1)] show ?thesis by simp
8dcf6692433f add lemmas about limits
noschinl
parents: 45294
diff changeset
   949
qed
8dcf6692433f add lemmas about limits
noschinl
parents: 45294
diff changeset
   950
44194
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   951
subsubsection {* Linear operators and multiplication *}
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   952
44282
f0de18b62d63 remove bounded_(bi)linear locale interpretations, to avoid duplicating so many lemmas
huffman
parents: 44253
diff changeset
   953
lemma (in bounded_linear) tendsto:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   954
  "(g ---> a) F \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. f (g x)) ---> f a) F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   955
  by (simp only: tendsto_Zfun_iff diff [symmetric] Zfun)
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   956
44194
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   957
lemma (in bounded_linear) tendsto_zero:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   958
  "(g ---> 0) F \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. f (g x)) ---> 0) F"
44194
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   959
  by (drule tendsto, simp only: zero)
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   960
44282
f0de18b62d63 remove bounded_(bi)linear locale interpretations, to avoid duplicating so many lemmas
huffman
parents: 44253
diff changeset
   961
lemma (in bounded_bilinear) tendsto:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   962
  "\<lbrakk>(f ---> a) F; (g ---> b) F\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. f x ** g x) ---> a ** b) F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   963
  by (simp only: tendsto_Zfun_iff prod_diff_prod
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
   964
                 Zfun_add Zfun Zfun_left Zfun_right)
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   965
44194
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   966
lemma (in bounded_bilinear) tendsto_zero:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   967
  assumes f: "(f ---> 0) F"
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   968
  assumes g: "(g ---> 0) F"
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   969
  shows "((\<lambda>x. f x ** g x) ---> 0) F"
44194
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   970
  using tendsto [OF f g] by (simp add: zero_left)
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   971
44194
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   972
lemma (in bounded_bilinear) tendsto_left_zero:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   973
  "(f ---> 0) F \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. f x ** c) ---> 0) F"
44194
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   974
  by (rule bounded_linear.tendsto_zero [OF bounded_linear_left])
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   975
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   976
lemma (in bounded_bilinear) tendsto_right_zero:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
   977
  "(f ---> 0) F \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. c ** f x) ---> 0) F"
44194
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   978
  by (rule bounded_linear.tendsto_zero [OF bounded_linear_right])
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   979
44282
f0de18b62d63 remove bounded_(bi)linear locale interpretations, to avoid duplicating so many lemmas
huffman
parents: 44253
diff changeset
   980
lemmas tendsto_of_real [tendsto_intros] =
f0de18b62d63 remove bounded_(bi)linear locale interpretations, to avoid duplicating so many lemmas
huffman
parents: 44253
diff changeset
   981
  bounded_linear.tendsto [OF bounded_linear_of_real]
f0de18b62d63 remove bounded_(bi)linear locale interpretations, to avoid duplicating so many lemmas
huffman
parents: 44253
diff changeset
   982
f0de18b62d63 remove bounded_(bi)linear locale interpretations, to avoid duplicating so many lemmas
huffman
parents: 44253
diff changeset
   983
lemmas tendsto_scaleR [tendsto_intros] =
f0de18b62d63 remove bounded_(bi)linear locale interpretations, to avoid duplicating so many lemmas
huffman
parents: 44253
diff changeset
   984
  bounded_bilinear.tendsto [OF bounded_bilinear_scaleR]
f0de18b62d63 remove bounded_(bi)linear locale interpretations, to avoid duplicating so many lemmas
huffman
parents: 44253
diff changeset
   985
f0de18b62d63 remove bounded_(bi)linear locale interpretations, to avoid duplicating so many lemmas
huffman
parents: 44253
diff changeset
   986
lemmas tendsto_mult [tendsto_intros] =
f0de18b62d63 remove bounded_(bi)linear locale interpretations, to avoid duplicating so many lemmas
huffman
parents: 44253
diff changeset
   987
  bounded_bilinear.tendsto [OF bounded_bilinear_mult]
44194
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   988
44568
e6f291cb5810 discontinue many legacy theorems about LIM and LIMSEQ, in favor of tendsto theorems
huffman
parents: 44342
diff changeset
   989
lemmas tendsto_mult_zero =
e6f291cb5810 discontinue many legacy theorems about LIM and LIMSEQ, in favor of tendsto theorems
huffman
parents: 44342
diff changeset
   990
  bounded_bilinear.tendsto_zero [OF bounded_bilinear_mult]
e6f291cb5810 discontinue many legacy theorems about LIM and LIMSEQ, in favor of tendsto theorems
huffman
parents: 44342
diff changeset
   991
e6f291cb5810 discontinue many legacy theorems about LIM and LIMSEQ, in favor of tendsto theorems
huffman
parents: 44342
diff changeset
   992
lemmas tendsto_mult_left_zero =
e6f291cb5810 discontinue many legacy theorems about LIM and LIMSEQ, in favor of tendsto theorems
huffman
parents: 44342
diff changeset
   993
  bounded_bilinear.tendsto_left_zero [OF bounded_bilinear_mult]
e6f291cb5810 discontinue many legacy theorems about LIM and LIMSEQ, in favor of tendsto theorems
huffman
parents: 44342
diff changeset
   994
e6f291cb5810 discontinue many legacy theorems about LIM and LIMSEQ, in favor of tendsto theorems
huffman
parents: 44342
diff changeset
   995
lemmas tendsto_mult_right_zero =
e6f291cb5810 discontinue many legacy theorems about LIM and LIMSEQ, in favor of tendsto theorems
huffman
parents: 44342
diff changeset
   996
  bounded_bilinear.tendsto_right_zero [OF bounded_bilinear_mult]
e6f291cb5810 discontinue many legacy theorems about LIM and LIMSEQ, in favor of tendsto theorems
huffman
parents: 44342
diff changeset
   997
44194
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   998
lemma tendsto_power [tendsto_intros]:
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
   999
  fixes f :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'b::{power,real_normed_algebra}"
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
  1000
  shows "(f ---> a) F \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. f x ^ n) ---> a ^ n) F"
44194
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
  1001
  by (induct n) (simp_all add: tendsto_const tendsto_mult)
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
  1002
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
  1003
lemma tendsto_setprod [tendsto_intros]:
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
  1004
  fixes f :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'c::{real_normed_algebra,comm_ring_1}"
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
  1005
  assumes "\<And>i. i \<in> S \<Longrightarrow> (f i ---> L i) F"
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
  1006
  shows "((\<lambda>x. \<Prod>i\<in>S. f i x) ---> (\<Prod>i\<in>S. L i)) F"
44194
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
  1007
proof (cases "finite S")
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
  1008
  assume "finite S" thus ?thesis using assms
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
  1009
    by (induct, simp add: tendsto_const, simp add: tendsto_mult)
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
  1010
next
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
  1011
  assume "\<not> finite S" thus ?thesis
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
  1012
    by (simp add: tendsto_const)
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
  1013
qed
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
  1014
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
  1015
subsubsection {* Inverse and division *}
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1016
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1017
lemma (in bounded_bilinear) Zfun_prod_Bfun:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
  1018
  assumes f: "Zfun f F"
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
  1019
  assumes g: "Bfun g F"
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
  1020
  shows "Zfun (\<lambda>x. f x ** g x) F"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1021
proof -
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1022
  obtain K where K: "0 \<le> K"
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1023
    and norm_le: "\<And>x y. norm (x ** y) \<le> norm x * norm y * K"
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1024
    using nonneg_bounded by fast
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1025
  obtain B where B: "0 < B"
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
  1026
    and norm_g: "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (g x) \<le> B) F"
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
  1027
    using g by (rule BfunE)
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
  1028
  have "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x ** g x) \<le> norm (f x) * (B * K)) F"
46887
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
  1029
  using norm_g proof eventually_elim
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
  1030
    case (elim x)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
  1031
    have "norm (f x ** g x) \<le> norm (f x) * norm (g x) * K"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1032
      by (rule norm_le)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
  1033
    also have "\<dots> \<le> norm (f x) * B * K"
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
  1034
      by (intro mult_mono' order_refl norm_g norm_ge_zero
46887
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
  1035
                mult_nonneg_nonneg K elim)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
  1036
    also have "\<dots> = norm (f x) * (B * K)"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1037
      by (rule mult_assoc)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
  1038
    finally show "norm (f x ** g x) \<le> norm (f x) * (B * K)" .
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1039
  qed
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
  1040
  with f show ?thesis
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
  1041
    by (rule Zfun_imp_Zfun)
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1042
qed
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1043
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1044
lemma (in bounded_bilinear) flip:
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1045
  "bounded_bilinear (\<lambda>x y. y ** x)"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
  1046
  apply default
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
  1047
  apply (rule add_right)
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
  1048
  apply (rule add_left)
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
  1049
  apply (rule scaleR_right)
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
  1050
  apply (rule scaleR_left)
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
  1051
  apply (subst mult_commute)
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
  1052
  using bounded by fast
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1053
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1054
lemma (in bounded_bilinear) Bfun_prod_Zfun:
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
  1055
  assumes f: "Bfun f F"
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
  1056
  assumes g: "Zfun g F"
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
  1057
  shows "Zfun (\<lambda>x. f x ** g x) F"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
  1058
  using flip g f by (rule bounded_bilinear.Zfun_prod_Bfun)
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1059
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1060
lemma Bfun_inverse_lemma:
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1061
  fixes x :: "'a::real_normed_div_algebra"
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1062
  shows "\<lbrakk>r \<le> norm x; 0 < r\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> norm (inverse x) \<le> inverse r"
44081
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
  1063
  apply (subst nonzero_norm_inverse, clarsimp)
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
  1064
  apply (erule (1) le_imp_inverse_le)
730f7cced3a6 rename type 'a net to 'a filter, following standard mathematical terminology
huffman
parents: 44079
diff changeset
  1065
  done
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1066
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1067
lemma Bfun_inverse:
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1068
  fixes a :: "'a::real_normed_div_algebra"
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
  1069
  assumes f: "(f ---> a) F"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1070
  assumes a: "a \<noteq> 0"
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
  1071
  shows "Bfun (\<lambda>x. inverse (f x)) F"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1072
proof -
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1073
  from a have "0 < norm a" by simp
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1074
  hence "\<exists>r>0. r < norm a" by (rule dense)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1075
  then obtain r where r1: "0 < r" and r2: "r < norm a" by fast
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
  1076
  have "eventually (\<lambda>x. dist (f x) a < r) F"
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
  1077
    using tendstoD [OF f r1] by fast
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
  1078
  hence "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (inverse (f x)) \<le> inverse (norm a - r)) F"
46887
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
  1079
  proof eventually_elim
cb891d9a23c1 use eventually_elim method
noschinl
parents: 46886
diff changeset
  1080
    case (elim x)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
  1081
    hence 1: "norm (f x - a) < r"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1082
      by (simp add: dist_norm)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
  1083
    hence 2: "f x \<noteq> 0" using r2 by auto
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
  1084
    hence "norm (inverse (f x)) = inverse (norm (f x))"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1085
      by (rule nonzero_norm_inverse)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1086
    also have "\<dots> \<le> inverse (norm a - r)"
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1087
    proof (rule le_imp_inverse_le)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1088
      show "0 < norm a - r" using r2 by simp
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1089
    next
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
  1090
      have "norm a - norm (f x) \<le> norm (a - f x)"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1091
        by (rule norm_triangle_ineq2)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
  1092
      also have "\<dots> = norm (f x - a)"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1093
        by (rule norm_minus_commute)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1094
      also have "\<dots> < r" using 1 .
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
  1095
      finally show "norm a - r \<le> norm (f x)" by simp
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1096
    qed
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
  1097
    finally show "norm (inverse (f x)) \<le> inverse (norm a - r)" .
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1098
  qed
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1099
  thus ?thesis by (rule BfunI)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1100
qed
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1101
31565
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
  1102
lemma tendsto_inverse [tendsto_intros]:
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1103
  fixes a :: "'a::real_normed_div_algebra"
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
  1104
  assumes f: "(f ---> a) F"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1105
  assumes a: "a \<noteq> 0"
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
  1106
  shows "((\<lambda>x. inverse (f x)) ---> inverse a) F"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1107
proof -
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1108
  from a have "0 < norm a" by simp
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
  1109
  with f have "eventually (\<lambda>x. dist (f x) a < norm a) F"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1110
    by (rule tendstoD)
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
  1111
  then have "eventually (\<lambda>x. f x \<noteq> 0) F"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1112
    unfolding dist_norm by (auto elim!: eventually_elim1)
44627
134c06282ae6 convert to Isar-style proof
huffman
parents: 44571
diff changeset
  1113
  with a have "eventually (\<lambda>x. inverse (f x) - inverse a =
134c06282ae6 convert to Isar-style proof
huffman
parents: 44571
diff changeset
  1114
    - (inverse (f x) * (f x - a) * inverse a)) F"
134c06282ae6 convert to Isar-style proof
huffman
parents: 44571
diff changeset
  1115
    by (auto elim!: eventually_elim1 simp: inverse_diff_inverse)
134c06282ae6 convert to Isar-style proof
huffman
parents: 44571
diff changeset
  1116
  moreover have "Zfun (\<lambda>x. - (inverse (f x) * (f x - a) * inverse a)) F"
134c06282ae6 convert to Isar-style proof
huffman
parents: 44571
diff changeset
  1117
    by (intro Zfun_minus Zfun_mult_left
134c06282ae6 convert to Isar-style proof
huffman
parents: 44571
diff changeset
  1118
      bounded_bilinear.Bfun_prod_Zfun [OF bounded_bilinear_mult]
134c06282ae6 convert to Isar-style proof
huffman
parents: 44571
diff changeset
  1119
      Bfun_inverse [OF f a] f [unfolded tendsto_Zfun_iff])
134c06282ae6 convert to Isar-style proof
huffman
parents: 44571
diff changeset
  1120
  ultimately show ?thesis
134c06282ae6 convert to Isar-style proof
huffman
parents: 44571
diff changeset
  1121
    unfolding tendsto_Zfun_iff by (rule Zfun_ssubst)
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1122
qed
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1123
31565
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
  1124
lemma tendsto_divide [tendsto_intros]:
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1125
  fixes a b :: "'a::real_normed_field"
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
  1126
  shows "\<lbrakk>(f ---> a) F; (g ---> b) F; b \<noteq> 0\<rbrakk>
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
  1127
    \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. f x / g x) ---> a / b) F"
44282
f0de18b62d63 remove bounded_(bi)linear locale interpretations, to avoid duplicating so many lemmas
huffman
parents: 44253
diff changeset
  1128
  by (simp add: tendsto_mult tendsto_inverse divide_inverse)
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
  1129
44194
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
  1130
lemma tendsto_sgn [tendsto_intros]:
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
  1131
  fixes l :: "'a::real_normed_vector"
44195
f5363511b212 consistently use variable name 'F' for filters
huffman
parents: 44194
diff changeset
  1132
  shows "\<lbrakk>(f ---> l) F; l \<noteq> 0\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. sgn (f x)) ---> sgn l) F"
44194
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
  1133
  unfolding sgn_div_norm by (simp add: tendsto_intros)
0639898074ae generalize lemmas about LIM and LIMSEQ to tendsto
huffman
parents: 44081
diff changeset
  1134
50247
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
  1135
subsection {* Limits to @{const at_top} and @{const at_bot} *}
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
  1136
50322
b06b95a5fda2 rename filter_lim to filterlim to be consistent with filtermap
hoelzl
parents: 50247
diff changeset
  1137
lemma filterlim_at_top:
50247
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
  1138
  fixes f :: "'a \<Rightarrow> ('b::dense_linorder)"
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
  1139
  shows "(LIM x F. f x :> at_top) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>Z. eventually (\<lambda>x. Z < f x) F)"
50325
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1140
  by (auto simp: filterlim_iff eventually_at_top_dense elim!: eventually_elim1)
50247
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
  1141
50323
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1142
lemma filterlim_at_top_gt:
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1143
  fixes f :: "'a \<Rightarrow> ('b::dense_linorder)" and c :: "'b"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1144
  shows "(LIM x F. f x :> at_top) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>Z>c. eventually (\<lambda>x. Z < f x) F)"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1145
  unfolding filterlim_at_top
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1146
proof safe
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1147
  fix Z assume *: "\<forall>Z>c. eventually (\<lambda>x. Z < f x) F"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1148
  from gt_ex[of "max Z c"] guess x ..
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1149
  with *[THEN spec, of x] show "eventually (\<lambda>x. Z < f x) F"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1150
    by (auto elim!: eventually_elim1)
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1151
qed simp
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1152
50322
b06b95a5fda2 rename filter_lim to filterlim to be consistent with filtermap
hoelzl
parents: 50247
diff changeset
  1153
lemma filterlim_at_bot: 
50247
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
  1154
  fixes f :: "'a \<Rightarrow> ('b::dense_linorder)"
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
  1155
  shows "(LIM x F. f x :> at_bot) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>Z. eventually (\<lambda>x. f x < Z) F)"
50325
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1156
  by (auto simp: filterlim_iff eventually_at_bot_dense elim!: eventually_elim1)
50247
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
  1157
50323
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1158
lemma filterlim_at_bot_lt:
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1159
  fixes f :: "'a \<Rightarrow> ('b::dense_linorder)" and c :: "'b"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1160
  shows "(LIM x F. f x :> at_bot) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>Z<c. eventually (\<lambda>x. Z > f x) F)"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1161
  unfolding filterlim_at_bot
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1162
proof safe
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1163
  fix Z assume *: "\<forall>Z<c. eventually (\<lambda>x. Z > f x) F"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1164
  from lt_ex[of "min Z c"] guess x ..
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1165
  with *[THEN spec, of x] show "eventually (\<lambda>x. Z > f x) F"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1166
    by (auto elim!: eventually_elim1)
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1167
qed simp
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1168
50325
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1169
lemma filterlim_at_infinity:
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1170
  fixes f :: "_ \<Rightarrow> 'a\<Colon>real_normed_vector"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1171
  assumes "0 \<le> c"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1172
  shows "(LIM x F. f x :> at_infinity) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>r>c. eventually (\<lambda>x. r \<le> norm (f x)) F)"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1173
  unfolding filterlim_iff eventually_at_infinity
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1174
proof safe
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1175
  fix P :: "'a \<Rightarrow> bool" and b
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1176
  assume *: "\<forall>r>c. eventually (\<lambda>x. r \<le> norm (f x)) F"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1177
    and P: "\<forall>x. b \<le> norm x \<longrightarrow> P x"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1178
  have "max b (c + 1) > c" by auto
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1179
  with * have "eventually (\<lambda>x. max b (c + 1) \<le> norm (f x)) F"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1180
    by auto
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1181
  then show "eventually (\<lambda>x. P (f x)) F"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1182
  proof eventually_elim
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1183
    fix x assume "max b (c + 1) \<le> norm (f x)"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1184
    with P show "P (f x)" by auto
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1185
  qed
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1186
qed force
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1187
50322
b06b95a5fda2 rename filter_lim to filterlim to be consistent with filtermap
hoelzl
parents: 50247
diff changeset
  1188
lemma filterlim_real_sequentially: "LIM x sequentially. real x :> at_top"
b06b95a5fda2 rename filter_lim to filterlim to be consistent with filtermap
hoelzl
parents: 50247
diff changeset
  1189
  unfolding filterlim_at_top
50247
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
  1190
  apply (intro allI)
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
  1191
  apply (rule_tac c="natceiling (Z + 1)" in eventually_sequentiallyI)
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
  1192
  apply (auto simp: natceiling_le_eq)
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
  1193
  done
491c5c81c2e8 introduce filter_lim as a generatlization of tendsto
hoelzl
parents: 49834
diff changeset
  1194
50323
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1195
lemma filterlim_inverse_at_top_pos:
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1196
  "LIM x (nhds 0 within {0::real <..}). inverse x :> at_top"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1197
  unfolding filterlim_at_top_gt[where c=0] eventually_within
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1198
proof safe
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1199
  fix Z :: real assume [arith]: "0 < Z"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1200
  then have "eventually (\<lambda>x. x < inverse Z) (nhds 0)"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1201
    by (auto simp add: eventually_nhds_metric dist_real_def intro!: exI[of _ "\<bar>inverse Z\<bar>"])
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1202
  then show "eventually (\<lambda>x. x \<in> {0<..} \<longrightarrow> Z < inverse x) (nhds 0)"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1203
    by (auto elim!: eventually_elim1 simp: inverse_eq_divide field_simps)
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1204
qed
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1205
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1206
lemma filterlim_inverse_at_top:
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1207
  "(f ---> (0 :: real)) F \<Longrightarrow> eventually (\<lambda>x. 0 < f x) F \<Longrightarrow> LIM x F. inverse (f x) :> at_top"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1208
  by (intro filterlim_compose[OF filterlim_inverse_at_top_pos])
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1209
     (simp add: filterlim_def eventually_filtermap le_within_iff)
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1210
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1211
lemma filterlim_inverse_at_bot_neg:
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1212
  "LIM x (nhds 0 within {..< 0::real}). inverse x :> at_bot"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1213
  unfolding filterlim_at_bot_lt[where c=0] eventually_within
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1214
proof safe
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1215
  fix Z :: real assume [arith]: "Z < 0"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1216
  have "eventually (\<lambda>x. inverse Z < x) (nhds 0)"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1217
    by (auto simp add: eventually_nhds_metric dist_real_def intro!: exI[of _ "\<bar>inverse Z\<bar>"])
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1218
  then show "eventually (\<lambda>x. x \<in> {..< 0} \<longrightarrow> inverse x < Z) (nhds 0)"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1219
    by (auto elim!: eventually_elim1 simp: inverse_eq_divide field_simps)
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1220
qed
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1221
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1222
lemma filterlim_inverse_at_bot:
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1223
  "(f ---> (0 :: real)) F \<Longrightarrow> eventually (\<lambda>x. f x < 0) F \<Longrightarrow> LIM x F. inverse (f x) :> at_bot"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1224
  by (intro filterlim_compose[OF filterlim_inverse_at_bot_neg])
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1225
     (simp add: filterlim_def eventually_filtermap le_within_iff)
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1226
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1227
lemma filterlim_uminus_at_top_at_bot: "LIM x at_bot. - x :: real :> at_top"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1228
  unfolding filterlim_at_top eventually_at_bot_dense
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1229
  by (blast intro: less_minus_iff[THEN iffD1])
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1230
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1231
lemma filterlim_uminus_at_top: "LIM x F. f x :> at_bot \<Longrightarrow> LIM x F. - (f x) :: real :> at_top"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1232
  by (rule filterlim_compose[OF filterlim_uminus_at_top_at_bot])
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1233
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1234
lemma filterlim_uminus_at_bot_at_top: "LIM x at_top. - x :: real :> at_bot"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1235
  unfolding filterlim_at_bot eventually_at_top_dense
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1236
  by (blast intro: minus_less_iff[THEN iffD1])
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1237
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1238
lemma filterlim_uminus_at_bot: "LIM x F. f x :> at_top \<Longrightarrow> LIM x F. - (f x) :: real :> at_bot"
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1239
  by (rule filterlim_compose[OF filterlim_uminus_at_bot_at_top])
3764d4620fb3 add filterlim rules for unary minus and inverse
hoelzl
parents: 50322
diff changeset
  1240
50325
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1241
lemma tendsto_inverse_0:
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1242
  fixes x :: "_ \<Rightarrow> 'a\<Colon>real_normed_div_algebra"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1243
  shows "(inverse ---> (0::'a)) at_infinity"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1244
  unfolding tendsto_Zfun_iff diff_0_right Zfun_def eventually_at_infinity
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1245
proof safe
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1246
  fix r :: real assume "0 < r"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1247
  show "\<exists>b. \<forall>x. b \<le> norm x \<longrightarrow> norm (inverse x :: 'a) < r"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1248
  proof (intro exI[of _ "inverse (r / 2)"] allI impI)
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1249
    fix x :: 'a
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1250
    from `0 < r` have "0 < inverse (r / 2)" by simp
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1251
    also assume *: "inverse (r / 2) \<le> norm x"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1252
    finally show "norm (inverse x) < r"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1253
      using * `0 < r` by (subst nonzero_norm_inverse) (simp_all add: inverse_eq_divide field_simps)
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1254
  qed
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1255
qed
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1256
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1257
lemma filterlim_inverse_at_infinity:
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1258
  fixes x :: "_ \<Rightarrow> 'a\<Colon>{real_normed_div_algebra, division_ring_inverse_zero}"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1259
  shows "filterlim inverse at_infinity (at (0::'a))"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1260
  unfolding filterlim_at_infinity[OF order_refl]
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1261
proof safe
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1262
  fix r :: real assume "0 < r"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1263
  then show "eventually (\<lambda>x::'a. r \<le> norm (inverse x)) (at 0)"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1264
    unfolding eventually_at norm_inverse
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1265
    by (intro exI[of _ "inverse r"])
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1266
       (auto simp: norm_conv_dist[symmetric] field_simps inverse_eq_divide)
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1267
qed
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1268
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1269
lemma filterlim_inverse_at_iff:
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1270
  fixes g :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'b\<Colon>{real_normed_div_algebra, division_ring_inverse_zero}"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1271
  shows "(LIM x F. inverse (g x) :> at 0) \<longleftrightarrow> (LIM x F. g x :> at_infinity)"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1272
  unfolding filterlim_def filtermap_filtermap[symmetric]
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1273
proof
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1274
  assume "filtermap g F \<le> at_infinity"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1275
  then have "filtermap inverse (filtermap g F) \<le> filtermap inverse at_infinity"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1276
    by (rule filtermap_mono)
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1277
  also have "\<dots> \<le> at 0"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1278
    using tendsto_inverse_0
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1279
    by (auto intro!: le_withinI exI[of _ 1]
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1280
             simp: eventually_filtermap eventually_at_infinity filterlim_def at_def)
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1281
  finally show "filtermap inverse (filtermap g F) \<le> at 0" .
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1282
next
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1283
  assume "filtermap inverse (filtermap g F) \<le> at 0"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1284
  then have "filtermap inverse (filtermap inverse (filtermap g F)) \<le> filtermap inverse (at 0)"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1285
    by (rule filtermap_mono)
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1286
  with filterlim_inverse_at_infinity show "filtermap g F \<le> at_infinity"
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1287
    by (auto intro: order_trans simp: filterlim_def filtermap_filtermap)
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1288
qed
5e40ad9f212a add filterlim rules for inverse and at_infinity
hoelzl
parents: 50324
diff changeset
  1289
50324
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1290
text {*
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1291
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1292
We only show rules for multiplication and addition when the functions are either against a real
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1293
value or against infinity. Further rules are easy to derive by using @{thm filterlim_uminus_at_top}.
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1294
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1295
*}
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1296
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1297
lemma filterlim_tendsto_pos_mult_at_top: 
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1298
  assumes f: "(f ---> c) F" and c: "0 < c"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1299
  assumes g: "LIM x F. g x :> at_top"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1300
  shows "LIM x F. (f x * g x :: real) :> at_top"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1301
  unfolding filterlim_at_top_gt[where c=0]
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1302
proof safe
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1303
  fix Z :: real assume "0 < Z"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1304
  from f `0 < c` have "eventually (\<lambda>x. c / 2 < f x) F"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1305
    by (auto dest!: tendstoD[where e="c / 2"] elim!: eventually_elim1
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1306
             simp: dist_real_def abs_real_def split: split_if_asm)
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1307
  moreover from g have "eventually (\<lambda>x. (Z / c * 2) < g x) F"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1308
    unfolding filterlim_at_top by auto
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1309
  ultimately show "eventually (\<lambda>x. Z < f x * g x) F"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1310
  proof eventually_elim
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1311
    fix x assume "c / 2 < f x" "Z / c * 2 < g x"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1312
    with `0 < Z` `0 < c` have "c / 2 * (Z / c * 2) < f x * g x"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1313
      by (intro mult_strict_mono) (auto simp: zero_le_divide_iff)
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1314
    with `0 < c` show "Z < f x * g x"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1315
       by simp
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1316
  qed
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1317
qed
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1318
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1319
lemma filterlim_at_top_mult_at_top: 
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1320
  assumes f: "LIM x F. f x :> at_top"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1321
  assumes g: "LIM x F. g x :> at_top"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1322
  shows "LIM x F. (f x * g x :: real) :> at_top"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1323
  unfolding filterlim_at_top_gt[where c=0]
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1324
proof safe
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1325
  fix Z :: real assume "0 < Z"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1326
  from f have "eventually (\<lambda>x. 1 < f x) F"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1327
    unfolding filterlim_at_top by auto
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1328
  moreover from g have "eventually (\<lambda>x. Z < g x) F"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1329
    unfolding filterlim_at_top by auto
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1330
  ultimately show "eventually (\<lambda>x. Z < f x * g x) F"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1331
  proof eventually_elim
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1332
    fix x assume "1 < f x" "Z < g x"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1333
    with `0 < Z` have "1 * Z < f x * g x"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1334
      by (intro mult_strict_mono) (auto simp: zero_le_divide_iff)
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1335
    then show "Z < f x * g x"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1336
       by simp
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1337
  qed
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1338
qed
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1339
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1340
lemma filterlim_tendsto_add_at_top: 
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1341
  assumes f: "(f ---> c) F"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1342
  assumes g: "LIM x F. g x :> at_top"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1343
  shows "LIM x F. (f x + g x :: real) :> at_top"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1344
  unfolding filterlim_at_top_gt[where c=0]
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1345
proof safe
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1346
  fix Z :: real assume "0 < Z"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1347
  from f have "eventually (\<lambda>x. c - 1 < f x) F"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1348
    by (auto dest!: tendstoD[where e=1] elim!: eventually_elim1 simp: dist_real_def)
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1349
  moreover from g have "eventually (\<lambda>x. Z - (c - 1) < g x) F"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1350
    unfolding filterlim_at_top by auto
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1351
  ultimately show "eventually (\<lambda>x. Z < f x + g x) F"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1352
    by eventually_elim simp
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1353
qed
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1354
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1355
lemma filterlim_at_top_add_at_top: 
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1356
  assumes f: "LIM x F. f x :> at_top"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1357
  assumes g: "LIM x F. g x :> at_top"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1358
  shows "LIM x F. (f x + g x :: real) :> at_top"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1359
  unfolding filterlim_at_top_gt[where c=0]
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1360
proof safe
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1361
  fix Z :: real assume "0 < Z"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1362
  from f have "eventually (\<lambda>x. 0 < f x) F"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1363
    unfolding filterlim_at_top by auto
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1364
  moreover from g have "eventually (\<lambda>x. Z < g x) F"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1365
    unfolding filterlim_at_top by auto
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1366
  ultimately show "eventually (\<lambda>x. Z < f x + g x) F"
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1367
    by eventually_elim simp
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1368
qed
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1369
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
  1370
end
50324
0a1242d5e7d4 add filterlim rules for diverging multiplication and addition; move at_infinity to the HOL image
hoelzl
parents: 50323
diff changeset
  1371