src/HOL/Limits.thy
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(*  Title       : Limits.thy
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    Author      : Brian Huffman
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*)
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header {* Filters and Limits *}
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theory Limits
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imports RealVector RComplete
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begin
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subsection {* Nets *}
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text {*
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  A net is now defined simply as a filter.
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  The definition also allows non-proper filters.
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*}
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locale is_filter =
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  fixes net :: "('a \<Rightarrow> bool) \<Rightarrow> bool"
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  assumes True: "net (\<lambda>x. True)"
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  assumes conj: "net (\<lambda>x. P x) \<Longrightarrow> net (\<lambda>x. Q x) \<Longrightarrow> net (\<lambda>x. P x \<and> Q x)"
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  assumes mono: "\<forall>x. P x \<longrightarrow> Q x \<Longrightarrow> net (\<lambda>x. P x) \<Longrightarrow> net (\<lambda>x. Q x)"
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typedef (open) 'a net =
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  "{net :: ('a \<Rightarrow> bool) \<Rightarrow> bool. is_filter net}"
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proof
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  show "(\<lambda>x. True) \<in> ?net" by (auto intro: is_filter.intro)
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qed
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lemma is_filter_Rep_net: "is_filter (Rep_net net)"
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using Rep_net [of net] by simp
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lemma Abs_net_inverse':
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  assumes "is_filter net" shows "Rep_net (Abs_net net) = net"
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using assms by (simp add: Abs_net_inverse)
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subsection {* Eventually *}
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definition
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  eventually :: "('a \<Rightarrow> bool) \<Rightarrow> 'a net \<Rightarrow> bool" where
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  [code del]: "eventually P net \<longleftrightarrow> Rep_net net P"
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lemma eventually_Abs_net:
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  assumes "is_filter net" shows "eventually P (Abs_net net) = net P"
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unfolding eventually_def using assms by (simp add: Abs_net_inverse)
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lemma expand_net_eq:
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  shows "net = net' \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>P. eventually P net = eventually P net')"
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unfolding Rep_net_inject [symmetric] expand_fun_eq eventually_def ..
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lemma eventually_True [simp]: "eventually (\<lambda>x. True) net"
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unfolding eventually_def
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by (rule is_filter.True [OF is_filter_Rep_net])
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lemma eventually_mono:
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  "(\<forall>x. P x \<longrightarrow> Q x) \<Longrightarrow> eventually P net \<Longrightarrow> eventually Q net"
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unfolding eventually_def
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by (rule is_filter.mono [OF is_filter_Rep_net])
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lemma eventually_conj:
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  assumes P: "eventually (\<lambda>x. P x) net"
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  assumes Q: "eventually (\<lambda>x. Q x) net"
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  shows "eventually (\<lambda>x. P x \<and> Q x) net"
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using assms unfolding eventually_def
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by (rule is_filter.conj [OF is_filter_Rep_net])
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lemma eventually_mp:
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  assumes "eventually (\<lambda>x. P x \<longrightarrow> Q x) net"
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  assumes "eventually (\<lambda>x. P x) net"
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  shows "eventually (\<lambda>x. Q x) net"
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proof (rule eventually_mono)
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  show "\<forall>x. (P x \<longrightarrow> Q x) \<and> P x \<longrightarrow> Q x" by simp
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  show "eventually (\<lambda>x. (P x \<longrightarrow> Q x) \<and> P x) net"
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    using assms by (rule eventually_conj)
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qed
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lemma eventually_rev_mp:
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  assumes "eventually (\<lambda>x. P x) net"
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  assumes "eventually (\<lambda>x. P x \<longrightarrow> Q x) net"
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  shows "eventually (\<lambda>x. Q x) net"
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using assms(2) assms(1) by (rule eventually_mp)
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lemma eventually_conj_iff:
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  "eventually (\<lambda>x. P x \<and> Q x) net \<longleftrightarrow> eventually P net \<and> eventually Q net"
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by (auto intro: eventually_conj elim: eventually_rev_mp)
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lemma eventually_elim1:
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  assumes "eventually (\<lambda>i. P i) net"
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  assumes "\<And>i. P i \<Longrightarrow> Q i"
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  shows "eventually (\<lambda>i. Q i) net"
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using assms by (auto elim!: eventually_rev_mp)
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lemma eventually_elim2:
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  assumes "eventually (\<lambda>i. P i) net"
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  assumes "eventually (\<lambda>i. Q i) net"
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  assumes "\<And>i. P i \<Longrightarrow> Q i \<Longrightarrow> R i"
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  shows "eventually (\<lambda>i. R i) net"
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using assms by (auto elim!: eventually_rev_mp)
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subsection {* Finer-than relation *}
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text {* @{term "net \<le> net'"} means that @{term net} is finer than
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@{term net'}. *}
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instantiation net :: (type) "{order,bot}"
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begin
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definition
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  le_net_def [code del]:
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    "net \<le> net' \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>P. eventually P net' \<longrightarrow> eventually P net)"
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definition
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  less_net_def [code del]:
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    "(net :: 'a net) < net' \<longleftrightarrow> net \<le> net' \<and> \<not> net' \<le> net"
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definition
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  bot_net_def [code del]:
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    "bot = Abs_net (\<lambda>P. True)"
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lemma eventually_bot [simp]: "eventually P bot"
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unfolding bot_net_def
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by (subst eventually_Abs_net, rule is_filter.intro, auto)
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instance proof
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  fix x y :: "'a net" show "x < y \<longleftrightarrow> x \<le> y \<and> \<not> y \<le> x"
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    by (rule less_net_def)
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next
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  fix x :: "'a net" show "x \<le> x"
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    unfolding le_net_def by simp
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next
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  fix x y z :: "'a net" assume "x \<le> y" and "y \<le> z" thus "x \<le> z"
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    unfolding le_net_def by simp
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next
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  fix x y :: "'a net" assume "x \<le> y" and "y \<le> x" thus "x = y"
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    unfolding le_net_def expand_net_eq by fast
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next
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  fix x :: "'a net" show "bot \<le> x"
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    unfolding le_net_def by simp
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qed
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end
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lemma net_leD:
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  "net \<le> net' \<Longrightarrow> eventually P net' \<Longrightarrow> eventually P net"
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unfolding le_net_def by simp
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lemma net_leI:
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  "(\<And>P. eventually P net' \<Longrightarrow> eventually P net) \<Longrightarrow> net \<le> net'"
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unfolding le_net_def by simp
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lemma eventually_False:
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  "eventually (\<lambda>x. False) net \<longleftrightarrow> net = bot"
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unfolding expand_net_eq by (auto elim: eventually_rev_mp)
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subsection {* Standard Nets *}
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definition
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  sequentially :: "nat net"
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where [code del]:
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  "sequentially = Abs_net (\<lambda>P. \<exists>k. \<forall>n\<ge>k. P n)"
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definition
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  within :: "'a net \<Rightarrow> 'a set \<Rightarrow> 'a net" (infixr "within" 70)
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where [code del]:
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  "net within S = Abs_net (\<lambda>P. eventually (\<lambda>x. x \<in> S \<longrightarrow> P x) net)"
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definition
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  at :: "'a::topological_space \<Rightarrow> 'a net"
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where [code del]:
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  "at a = Abs_net (\<lambda>P. \<exists>S. open S \<and> a \<in> S \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>S. x \<noteq> a \<longrightarrow> P x))"
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lemma eventually_sequentially:
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  "eventually P sequentially \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>N. \<forall>n\<ge>N. P n)"
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unfolding sequentially_def
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proof (rule eventually_Abs_net, rule is_filter.intro)
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  fix P Q :: "nat \<Rightarrow> bool"
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  assume "\<exists>i. \<forall>n\<ge>i. P n" and "\<exists>j. \<forall>n\<ge>j. Q n"
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  then obtain i j where "\<forall>n\<ge>i. P n" and "\<forall>n\<ge>j. Q n" by auto
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  then have "\<forall>n\<ge>max i j. P n \<and> Q n" by simp
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  then show "\<exists>k. \<forall>n\<ge>k. P n \<and> Q n" ..
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qed auto
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lemma eventually_within:
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  "eventually P (net within S) = eventually (\<lambda>x. x \<in> S \<longrightarrow> P x) net"
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unfolding within_def
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by (rule eventually_Abs_net, rule is_filter.intro)
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   (auto elim!: eventually_rev_mp)
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lemma within_UNIV: "net within UNIV = net"
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  unfolding expand_net_eq eventually_within by simp
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lemma eventually_at_topological:
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  "eventually P (at a) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>S. open S \<and> a \<in> S \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>S. x \<noteq> a \<longrightarrow> P x))"
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unfolding at_def
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proof (rule eventually_Abs_net, rule is_filter.intro)
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  have "open UNIV \<and> a \<in> UNIV \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>UNIV. x \<noteq> a \<longrightarrow> True)" by simp
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  thus "\<exists>S. open S \<and> a \<in> S \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>S. x \<noteq> a \<longrightarrow> True)" by - rule
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next
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  fix P Q
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  assume "\<exists>S. open S \<and> a \<in> S \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>S. x \<noteq> a \<longrightarrow> P x)"
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     and "\<exists>T. open T \<and> a \<in> T \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>T. x \<noteq> a \<longrightarrow> Q x)"
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  then obtain S T where
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    "open S \<and> a \<in> S \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>S. x \<noteq> a \<longrightarrow> P x)"
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    "open T \<and> a \<in> T \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>T. x \<noteq> a \<longrightarrow> Q x)" by auto
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  hence "open (S \<inter> T) \<and> a \<in> S \<inter> T \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>(S \<inter> T). x \<noteq> a \<longrightarrow> P x \<and> Q x)"
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    by (simp add: open_Int)
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  thus "\<exists>S. open S \<and> a \<in> S \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>S. x \<noteq> a \<longrightarrow> P x \<and> Q x)" by - rule
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qed auto
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lemma eventually_at:
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  fixes a :: "'a::metric_space"
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  shows "eventually P (at a) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>d>0. \<forall>x. x \<noteq> a \<and> dist x a < d \<longrightarrow> P x)"
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unfolding eventually_at_topological open_dist
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apply safe
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apply fast
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apply (rule_tac x="{x. dist x a < d}" in exI, simp)
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apply clarsimp
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apply (rule_tac x="d - dist x a" in exI, clarsimp)
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apply (simp only: less_diff_eq)
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apply (erule le_less_trans [OF dist_triangle])
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done
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subsection {* Boundedness *}
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definition
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  Bfun :: "('a \<Rightarrow> 'b::real_normed_vector) \<Rightarrow> 'a net \<Rightarrow> bool" where
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  [code del]: "Bfun f net = (\<exists>K>0. eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x) \<le> K) net)"
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lemma BfunI:
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  assumes K: "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x) \<le> K) net" shows "Bfun f net"
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unfolding Bfun_def
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proof (intro exI conjI allI)
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  show "0 < max K 1" by simp
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next
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  show "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x) \<le> max K 1) net"
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    using K by (rule eventually_elim1, simp)
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qed
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lemma BfunE:
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  assumes "Bfun f net"
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  obtains B where "0 < B" and "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x) \<le> B) net"
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using assms unfolding Bfun_def by fast
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subsection {* Convergence to Zero *}
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definition
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  Zfun :: "('a \<Rightarrow> 'b::real_normed_vector) \<Rightarrow> 'a net \<Rightarrow> bool" where
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  [code del]: "Zfun f net = (\<forall>r>0. eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x) < r) net)"
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lemma ZfunI:
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  "(\<And>r. 0 < r \<Longrightarrow> eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x) < r) net) \<Longrightarrow> Zfun f net"
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unfolding Zfun_def by simp
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lemma ZfunD:
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  "\<lbrakk>Zfun f net; 0 < r\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x) < r) net"
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unfolding Zfun_def by simp
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lemma Zfun_ssubst:
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  "eventually (\<lambda>x. f x = g x) net \<Longrightarrow> Zfun g net \<Longrightarrow> Zfun f net"
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unfolding Zfun_def by (auto elim!: eventually_rev_mp)
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lemma Zfun_zero: "Zfun (\<lambda>x. 0) net"
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unfolding Zfun_def by simp
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lemma Zfun_norm_iff: "Zfun (\<lambda>x. norm (f x)) net = Zfun (\<lambda>x. f x) net"
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unfolding Zfun_def by simp
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lemma Zfun_imp_Zfun:
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  assumes f: "Zfun f net"
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  assumes g: "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (g x) \<le> norm (f x) * K) net"
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  shows "Zfun (\<lambda>x. g x) net"
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proof (cases)
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  assume K: "0 < K"
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  show ?thesis
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  proof (rule ZfunI)
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    fix r::real assume "0 < r"
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    hence "0 < r / K"
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      using K by (rule divide_pos_pos)
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    then have "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x) < r / K) net"
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      using ZfunD [OF f] by fast
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    with g show "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (g x) < r) net"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   287
    proof (rule eventually_elim2)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   288
      fix x
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   289
      assume *: "norm (g x) \<le> norm (f x) * K"
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   290
      assume "norm (f x) < r / K"
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   291
      hence "norm (f x) * K < r"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   292
        by (simp add: pos_less_divide_eq K)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   293
      thus "norm (g x) < r"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   294
        by (simp add: order_le_less_trans [OF *])
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   295
    qed
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   296
  qed
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   297
next
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   298
  assume "\<not> 0 < K"
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   299
  hence K: "K \<le> 0" by (simp only: not_less)
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   300
  show ?thesis
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   301
  proof (rule ZfunI)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   302
    fix r :: real
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   303
    assume "0 < r"
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   304
    from g show "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (g x) < r) net"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   305
    proof (rule eventually_elim1)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   306
      fix x
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   307
      assume "norm (g x) \<le> norm (f x) * K"
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   308
      also have "\<dots> \<le> norm (f x) * 0"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   309
        using K norm_ge_zero by (rule mult_left_mono)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   310
      finally show "norm (g x) < r"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   311
        using `0 < r` by simp
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   312
    qed
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   313
  qed
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   314
qed
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   315
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   316
lemma Zfun_le: "\<lbrakk>Zfun g net; \<forall>x. norm (f x) \<le> norm (g x)\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> Zfun f net"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   317
by (erule_tac K="1" in Zfun_imp_Zfun, simp)
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   318
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   319
lemma Zfun_add:
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   320
  assumes f: "Zfun f net" and g: "Zfun g net"
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   321
  shows "Zfun (\<lambda>x. f x + g x) net"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   322
proof (rule ZfunI)
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   323
  fix r::real assume "0 < r"
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   324
  hence r: "0 < r / 2" by simp
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   325
  have "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x) < r/2) net"
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   326
    using f r by (rule ZfunD)
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   327
  moreover
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   328
  have "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (g x) < r/2) net"
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   329
    using g r by (rule ZfunD)
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   330
  ultimately
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   331
  show "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x + g x) < r) net"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   332
  proof (rule eventually_elim2)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   333
    fix x
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   334
    assume *: "norm (f x) < r/2" "norm (g x) < r/2"
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   335
    have "norm (f x + g x) \<le> norm (f x) + norm (g x)"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   336
      by (rule norm_triangle_ineq)
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   337
    also have "\<dots> < r/2 + r/2"
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   338
      using * by (rule add_strict_mono)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   339
    finally show "norm (f x + g x) < r"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   340
      by simp
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   341
  qed
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   342
qed
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   343
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   344
lemma Zfun_minus: "Zfun f net \<Longrightarrow> Zfun (\<lambda>x. - f x) net"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   345
unfolding Zfun_def by simp
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   346
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   347
lemma Zfun_diff: "\<lbrakk>Zfun f net; Zfun g net\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> Zfun (\<lambda>x. f x - g x) net"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   348
by (simp only: diff_minus Zfun_add Zfun_minus)
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   350
lemma (in bounded_linear) Zfun:
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   351
  assumes g: "Zfun g net"
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   352
  shows "Zfun (\<lambda>x. f (g x)) net"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   353
proof -
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   354
  obtain K where "\<And>x. norm (f x) \<le> norm x * K"
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   355
    using bounded by fast
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   356
  then have "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f (g x)) \<le> norm (g x) * K) net"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   357
    by simp
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   358
  with g show ?thesis
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   359
    by (rule Zfun_imp_Zfun)
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   360
qed
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   361
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   362
lemma (in bounded_bilinear) Zfun:
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   363
  assumes f: "Zfun f net"
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   364
  assumes g: "Zfun g net"
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   365
  shows "Zfun (\<lambda>x. f x ** g x) net"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   366
proof (rule ZfunI)
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   367
  fix r::real assume r: "0 < r"
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   368
  obtain K where K: "0 < K"
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   369
    and norm_le: "\<And>x y. norm (x ** y) \<le> norm x * norm y * K"
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   370
    using pos_bounded by fast
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   371
  from K have K': "0 < inverse K"
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   372
    by (rule positive_imp_inverse_positive)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   373
  have "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x) < r) net"
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   374
    using f r by (rule ZfunD)
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   375
  moreover
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   376
  have "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (g x) < inverse K) net"
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   377
    using g K' by (rule ZfunD)
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   378
  ultimately
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   379
  show "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x ** g x) < r) net"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   380
  proof (rule eventually_elim2)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   381
    fix x
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   382
    assume *: "norm (f x) < r" "norm (g x) < inverse K"
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   383
    have "norm (f x ** g x) \<le> norm (f x) * norm (g x) * K"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   384
      by (rule norm_le)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   385
    also have "norm (f x) * norm (g x) * K < r * inverse K * K"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   386
      by (intro mult_strict_right_mono mult_strict_mono' norm_ge_zero * K)
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   387
    also from K have "r * inverse K * K = r"
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   388
      by simp
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   389
    finally show "norm (f x ** g x) < r" .
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   390
  qed
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   391
qed
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   392
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   393
lemma (in bounded_bilinear) Zfun_left:
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   394
  "Zfun f net \<Longrightarrow> Zfun (\<lambda>x. f x ** a) net"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   395
by (rule bounded_linear_left [THEN bounded_linear.Zfun])
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   396
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   397
lemma (in bounded_bilinear) Zfun_right:
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   398
  "Zfun f net \<Longrightarrow> Zfun (\<lambda>x. a ** f x) net"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   399
by (rule bounded_linear_right [THEN bounded_linear.Zfun])
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   400
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   401
lemmas Zfun_mult = mult.Zfun
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   402
lemmas Zfun_mult_right = mult.Zfun_right
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   403
lemmas Zfun_mult_left = mult.Zfun_left
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   404
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   405
31902
862ae16a799d renamed NamedThmsFun to Named_Thms;
wenzelm
parents: 31588
diff changeset
   406
subsection {* Limits *}
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   407
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   408
definition
31488
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   409
  tendsto :: "('a \<Rightarrow> 'b::topological_space) \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'a net \<Rightarrow> bool"
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   410
    (infixr "--->" 55)
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   411
where [code del]:
31492
5400beeddb55 replace 'topo' with 'open'; add extra type constraint for 'open'
huffman
parents: 31488
diff changeset
   412
  "(f ---> l) net \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>S. open S \<longrightarrow> l \<in> S \<longrightarrow> eventually (\<lambda>x. f x \<in> S) net)"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   413
31902
862ae16a799d renamed NamedThmsFun to Named_Thms;
wenzelm
parents: 31588
diff changeset
   414
ML {*
862ae16a799d renamed NamedThmsFun to Named_Thms;
wenzelm
parents: 31588
diff changeset
   415
structure Tendsto_Intros = Named_Thms
862ae16a799d renamed NamedThmsFun to Named_Thms;
wenzelm
parents: 31588
diff changeset
   416
(
862ae16a799d renamed NamedThmsFun to Named_Thms;
wenzelm
parents: 31588
diff changeset
   417
  val name = "tendsto_intros"
862ae16a799d renamed NamedThmsFun to Named_Thms;
wenzelm
parents: 31588
diff changeset
   418
  val description = "introduction rules for tendsto"
862ae16a799d renamed NamedThmsFun to Named_Thms;
wenzelm
parents: 31588
diff changeset
   419
)
31565
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   420
*}
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   421
31902
862ae16a799d renamed NamedThmsFun to Named_Thms;
wenzelm
parents: 31588
diff changeset
   422
setup Tendsto_Intros.setup
31565
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   423
31488
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   424
lemma topological_tendstoI:
31492
5400beeddb55 replace 'topo' with 'open'; add extra type constraint for 'open'
huffman
parents: 31488
diff changeset
   425
  "(\<And>S. open S \<Longrightarrow> l \<in> S \<Longrightarrow> eventually (\<lambda>x. f x \<in> S) net)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   426
    \<Longrightarrow> (f ---> l) net"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   427
  unfolding tendsto_def by auto
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   428
31488
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   429
lemma topological_tendstoD:
31492
5400beeddb55 replace 'topo' with 'open'; add extra type constraint for 'open'
huffman
parents: 31488
diff changeset
   430
  "(f ---> l) net \<Longrightarrow> open S \<Longrightarrow> l \<in> S \<Longrightarrow> eventually (\<lambda>x. f x \<in> S) net"
31488
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   431
  unfolding tendsto_def by auto
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   432
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   433
lemma tendstoI:
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   434
  assumes "\<And>e. 0 < e \<Longrightarrow> eventually (\<lambda>x. dist (f x) l < e) net"
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   435
  shows "(f ---> l) net"
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   436
apply (rule topological_tendstoI)
31492
5400beeddb55 replace 'topo' with 'open'; add extra type constraint for 'open'
huffman
parents: 31488
diff changeset
   437
apply (simp add: open_dist)
31488
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   438
apply (drule (1) bspec, clarify)
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   439
apply (drule assms)
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   440
apply (erule eventually_elim1, simp)
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   441
done
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   442
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   443
lemma tendstoD:
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   444
  "(f ---> l) net \<Longrightarrow> 0 < e \<Longrightarrow> eventually (\<lambda>x. dist (f x) l < e) net"
31488
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   445
apply (drule_tac S="{x. dist x l < e}" in topological_tendstoD)
31492
5400beeddb55 replace 'topo' with 'open'; add extra type constraint for 'open'
huffman
parents: 31488
diff changeset
   446
apply (clarsimp simp add: open_dist)
31488
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   447
apply (rule_tac x="e - dist x l" in exI, clarsimp)
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   448
apply (simp only: less_diff_eq)
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   449
apply (erule le_less_trans [OF dist_triangle])
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   450
apply simp
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   451
apply simp
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   452
done
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   453
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   454
lemma tendsto_iff:
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   455
  "(f ---> l) net \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>e>0. eventually (\<lambda>x. dist (f x) l < e) net)"
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   456
using tendstoI tendstoD by fast
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   457
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   458
lemma tendsto_Zfun_iff: "(f ---> a) net = Zfun (\<lambda>x. f x - a) net"
31488
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   459
by (simp only: tendsto_iff Zfun_def dist_norm)
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   460
31565
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   461
lemma tendsto_ident_at [tendsto_intros]: "((\<lambda>x. x) ---> a) (at a)"
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   462
unfolding tendsto_def eventually_at_topological by auto
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   463
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   464
lemma tendsto_ident_at_within [tendsto_intros]:
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   465
  "a \<in> S \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. x) ---> a) (at a within S)"
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   466
unfolding tendsto_def eventually_within eventually_at_topological by auto
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   467
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   468
lemma tendsto_const [tendsto_intros]: "((\<lambda>x. k) ---> k) net"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   469
by (simp add: tendsto_def)
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   470
31565
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   471
lemma tendsto_dist [tendsto_intros]:
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   472
  assumes f: "(f ---> l) net" and g: "(g ---> m) net"
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   473
  shows "((\<lambda>x. dist (f x) (g x)) ---> dist l m) net"
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   474
proof (rule tendstoI)
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   475
  fix e :: real assume "0 < e"
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   476
  hence e2: "0 < e/2" by simp
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   477
  from tendstoD [OF f e2] tendstoD [OF g e2]
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   478
  show "eventually (\<lambda>x. dist (dist (f x) (g x)) (dist l m) < e) net"
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   479
  proof (rule eventually_elim2)
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   480
    fix x assume "dist (f x) l < e/2" "dist (g x) m < e/2"
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   481
    then show "dist (dist (f x) (g x)) (dist l m) < e"
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   482
      unfolding dist_real_def
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   483
      using dist_triangle2 [of "f x" "g x" "l"]
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   484
      using dist_triangle2 [of "g x" "l" "m"]
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   485
      using dist_triangle3 [of "l" "m" "f x"]
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   486
      using dist_triangle [of "f x" "m" "g x"]
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   487
      by arith
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   488
  qed
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   489
qed
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   490
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   491
lemma tendsto_norm [tendsto_intros]:
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   492
  "(f ---> a) net \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. norm (f x)) ---> norm a) net"
31488
5691ccb8d6b5 generalize tendsto to class topological_space
huffman
parents: 31487
diff changeset
   493
apply (simp add: tendsto_iff dist_norm, safe)
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   494
apply (drule_tac x="e" in spec, safe)
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   495
apply (erule eventually_elim1)
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   496
apply (erule order_le_less_trans [OF norm_triangle_ineq3])
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   497
done
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   498
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   499
lemma add_diff_add:
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   500
  fixes a b c d :: "'a::ab_group_add"
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   501
  shows "(a + c) - (b + d) = (a - b) + (c - d)"
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   502
by simp
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   503
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   504
lemma minus_diff_minus:
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   505
  fixes a b :: "'a::ab_group_add"
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   506
  shows "(- a) - (- b) = - (a - b)"
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   507
by simp
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   508
31565
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   509
lemma tendsto_add [tendsto_intros]:
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   510
  fixes a b :: "'a::real_normed_vector"
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   511
  shows "\<lbrakk>(f ---> a) net; (g ---> b) net\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. f x + g x) ---> a + b) net"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   512
by (simp only: tendsto_Zfun_iff add_diff_add Zfun_add)
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   513
31565
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   514
lemma tendsto_minus [tendsto_intros]:
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   515
  fixes a :: "'a::real_normed_vector"
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   516
  shows "(f ---> a) net \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. - f x) ---> - a) net"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   517
by (simp only: tendsto_Zfun_iff minus_diff_minus Zfun_minus)
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   518
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   519
lemma tendsto_minus_cancel:
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   520
  fixes a :: "'a::real_normed_vector"
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   521
  shows "((\<lambda>x. - f x) ---> - a) net \<Longrightarrow> (f ---> a) net"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   522
by (drule tendsto_minus, simp)
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   523
31565
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   524
lemma tendsto_diff [tendsto_intros]:
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   525
  fixes a b :: "'a::real_normed_vector"
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   526
  shows "\<lbrakk>(f ---> a) net; (g ---> b) net\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. f x - g x) ---> a - b) net"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   527
by (simp add: diff_minus tendsto_add tendsto_minus)
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   528
31588
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   529
lemma tendsto_setsum [tendsto_intros]:
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   530
  fixes f :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'c::real_normed_vector"
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   531
  assumes "\<And>i. i \<in> S \<Longrightarrow> (f i ---> a i) net"
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   532
  shows "((\<lambda>x. \<Sum>i\<in>S. f i x) ---> (\<Sum>i\<in>S. a i)) net"
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   533
proof (cases "finite S")
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   534
  assume "finite S" thus ?thesis using assms
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   535
  proof (induct set: finite)
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   536
    case empty show ?case
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   537
      by (simp add: tendsto_const)
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   538
  next
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   539
    case (insert i F) thus ?case
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   540
      by (simp add: tendsto_add)
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   541
  qed
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   542
next
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   543
  assume "\<not> finite S" thus ?thesis
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   544
    by (simp add: tendsto_const)
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   545
qed
2651f172c38b add lemma tendsto_setsum
huffman
parents: 31565
diff changeset
   546
31565
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   547
lemma (in bounded_linear) tendsto [tendsto_intros]:
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   548
  "(g ---> a) net \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. f (g x)) ---> f a) net"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   549
by (simp only: tendsto_Zfun_iff diff [symmetric] Zfun)
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   550
31565
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   551
lemma (in bounded_bilinear) tendsto [tendsto_intros]:
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   552
  "\<lbrakk>(f ---> a) net; (g ---> b) net\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. f x ** g x) ---> a ** b) net"
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   553
by (simp only: tendsto_Zfun_iff prod_diff_prod
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   554
               Zfun_add Zfun Zfun_left Zfun_right)
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   555
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   556
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   557
subsection {* Continuity of Inverse *}
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   558
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   559
lemma (in bounded_bilinear) Zfun_prod_Bfun:
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   560
  assumes f: "Zfun f net"
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   561
  assumes g: "Bfun g net"
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   562
  shows "Zfun (\<lambda>x. f x ** g x) net"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   563
proof -
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   564
  obtain K where K: "0 \<le> K"
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   565
    and norm_le: "\<And>x y. norm (x ** y) \<le> norm x * norm y * K"
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   566
    using nonneg_bounded by fast
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   567
  obtain B where B: "0 < B"
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   568
    and norm_g: "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (g x) \<le> B) net"
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   569
    using g by (rule BfunE)
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   570
  have "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x ** g x) \<le> norm (f x) * (B * K)) net"
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   571
  using norm_g proof (rule eventually_elim1)
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   572
    fix x
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   573
    assume *: "norm (g x) \<le> B"
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   574
    have "norm (f x ** g x) \<le> norm (f x) * norm (g x) * K"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   575
      by (rule norm_le)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   576
    also have "\<dots> \<le> norm (f x) * B * K"
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   577
      by (intro mult_mono' order_refl norm_g norm_ge_zero
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   578
                mult_nonneg_nonneg K *)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   579
    also have "\<dots> = norm (f x) * (B * K)"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   580
      by (rule mult_assoc)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   581
    finally show "norm (f x ** g x) \<le> norm (f x) * (B * K)" .
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   582
  qed
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   583
  with f show ?thesis
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   584
    by (rule Zfun_imp_Zfun)
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   585
qed
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   586
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   587
lemma (in bounded_bilinear) flip:
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   588
  "bounded_bilinear (\<lambda>x y. y ** x)"
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   589
apply default
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   590
apply (rule add_right)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   591
apply (rule add_left)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   592
apply (rule scaleR_right)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   593
apply (rule scaleR_left)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   594
apply (subst mult_commute)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   595
using bounded by fast
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   596
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   597
lemma (in bounded_bilinear) Bfun_prod_Zfun:
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   598
  assumes f: "Bfun f net"
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   599
  assumes g: "Zfun g net"
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   600
  shows "Zfun (\<lambda>x. f x ** g x) net"
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   601
using flip g f by (rule bounded_bilinear.Zfun_prod_Bfun)
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   602
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   603
lemma inverse_diff_inverse:
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   604
  "\<lbrakk>(a::'a::division_ring) \<noteq> 0; b \<noteq> 0\<rbrakk>
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   605
   \<Longrightarrow> inverse a - inverse b = - (inverse a * (a - b) * inverse b)"
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   606
by (simp add: algebra_simps)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   607
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   608
lemma Bfun_inverse_lemma:
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   609
  fixes x :: "'a::real_normed_div_algebra"
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   610
  shows "\<lbrakk>r \<le> norm x; 0 < r\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> norm (inverse x) \<le> inverse r"
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   611
apply (subst nonzero_norm_inverse, clarsimp)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   612
apply (erule (1) le_imp_inverse_le)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   613
done
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   614
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   615
lemma Bfun_inverse:
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   616
  fixes a :: "'a::real_normed_div_algebra"
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   617
  assumes f: "(f ---> a) net"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   618
  assumes a: "a \<noteq> 0"
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   619
  shows "Bfun (\<lambda>x. inverse (f x)) net"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   620
proof -
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   621
  from a have "0 < norm a" by simp
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   622
  hence "\<exists>r>0. r < norm a" by (rule dense)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   623
  then obtain r where r1: "0 < r" and r2: "r < norm a" by fast
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   624
  have "eventually (\<lambda>x. dist (f x) a < r) net"
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   625
    using tendstoD [OF f r1] by fast
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   626
  hence "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (inverse (f x)) \<le> inverse (norm a - r)) net"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   627
  proof (rule eventually_elim1)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   628
    fix x
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   629
    assume "dist (f x) a < r"
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   630
    hence 1: "norm (f x - a) < r"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   631
      by (simp add: dist_norm)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   632
    hence 2: "f x \<noteq> 0" using r2 by auto
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   633
    hence "norm (inverse (f x)) = inverse (norm (f x))"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   634
      by (rule nonzero_norm_inverse)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   635
    also have "\<dots> \<le> inverse (norm a - r)"
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   636
    proof (rule le_imp_inverse_le)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   637
      show "0 < norm a - r" using r2 by simp
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   638
    next
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   639
      have "norm a - norm (f x) \<le> norm (a - f x)"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   640
        by (rule norm_triangle_ineq2)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   641
      also have "\<dots> = norm (f x - a)"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   642
        by (rule norm_minus_commute)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   643
      also have "\<dots> < r" using 1 .
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   644
      finally show "norm a - r \<le> norm (f x)" by simp
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   645
    qed
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   646
    finally show "norm (inverse (f x)) \<le> inverse (norm a - r)" .
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   647
  qed
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   648
  thus ?thesis by (rule BfunI)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   649
qed
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   650
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   651
lemma tendsto_inverse_lemma:
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   652
  fixes a :: "'a::real_normed_div_algebra"
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   653
  shows "\<lbrakk>(f ---> a) net; a \<noteq> 0; eventually (\<lambda>x. f x \<noteq> 0) net\<rbrakk>
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   654
         \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. inverse (f x)) ---> inverse a) net"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   655
apply (subst tendsto_Zfun_iff)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   656
apply (rule Zfun_ssubst)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   657
apply (erule eventually_elim1)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   658
apply (erule (1) inverse_diff_inverse)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   659
apply (rule Zfun_minus)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   660
apply (rule Zfun_mult_left)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   661
apply (rule mult.Bfun_prod_Zfun)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   662
apply (erule (1) Bfun_inverse)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   663
apply (simp add: tendsto_Zfun_iff)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   664
done
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   665
31565
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   666
lemma tendsto_inverse [tendsto_intros]:
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   667
  fixes a :: "'a::real_normed_div_algebra"
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   668
  assumes f: "(f ---> a) net"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   669
  assumes a: "a \<noteq> 0"
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   670
  shows "((\<lambda>x. inverse (f x)) ---> inverse a) net"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   671
proof -
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   672
  from a have "0 < norm a" by simp
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   673
  with f have "eventually (\<lambda>x. dist (f x) a < norm a) net"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   674
    by (rule tendstoD)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   675
  then have "eventually (\<lambda>x. f x \<noteq> 0) net"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   676
    unfolding dist_norm by (auto elim!: eventually_elim1)
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   677
  with f a show ?thesis
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   678
    by (rule tendsto_inverse_lemma)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   679
qed
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   680
31565
da5a5589418e theorem attribute [tendsto_intros]
huffman
parents: 31492
diff changeset
   681
lemma tendsto_divide [tendsto_intros]:
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   682
  fixes a b :: "'a::real_normed_field"
31487
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   683
  shows "\<lbrakk>(f ---> a) net; (g ---> b) net; b \<noteq> 0\<rbrakk>
93938cafc0e6 put syntax for tendsto in Limits.thy; rename variables
huffman
parents: 31447
diff changeset
   684
    \<Longrightarrow> ((\<lambda>x. f x / g x) ---> a / b) net"
31355
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   685
by (simp add: mult.tendsto tendsto_inverse divide_inverse)
3d18766ddc4b limits of inverse using filters
huffman
parents: 31353
diff changeset
   686
31349
2261c8781f73 new theory of filters and limits; prove LIMSEQ and LIM lemmas using filters
huffman
parents:
diff changeset
   687
end