Admin/PLATFORMS
author wenzelm
Mon, 05 Nov 2018 22:15:07 +0100
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child 69309 283837b0b8b9
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Multi-platform support of Isabelle
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==================================
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Preamble
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--------
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The general programming model is that of a stylized ML + Scala + POSIX
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environment, with a minimum of system-specific code in user-space
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tools.
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The Isabelle system infrastructure provides some facilities to make
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this work, e.g. see the ML and Scala modules File and Path, or
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functions like Isabelle_System.bash.  The settings environment also
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provides some means for portability, e.g. the bash function
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"platform_path" to keep the impression that Windows/Cygwin adheres to
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Isabelle/POSIX standards, although Poly/ML and the JVM are native on
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Windows.
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When producing add-on tools, it is important to stay within this clean
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room of Isabelle, and refrain from non-portable access to operating
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system functions. The Isabelle environment uses peculiar scripts for
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GNU bash and perl as system glue: this style should be observed as far
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as possible.
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Supported platforms
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-------------------
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The following hardware and operating system platforms are officially
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supported by the Isabelle distribution (and bundled tools), with the
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following base-line versions (which have been selected to be neither
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too old nor too new):
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  x86_64-linux      Ubuntu 12.04 LTS
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  x86_64-darwin     Mac OS X 10.10 Yosemite (macbroy31 MacBookPro6,2)
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                    Mac OS X 10.11 El Capitan (macbroy2 MacPro4,1)
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                    macOS 10.12 Sierra (macbroy30 MacBookPro6,2)
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                    macOS 10.13 High Sierra (!?)
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                    macOS 10.14 Mojave (lapnipkow3 MacBookPro9,2)
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  x86_64-windows    Windows 7
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  x86_64-cygwin     Cygwin 2.10 https://isabelle.sketis.net/cygwin_2018 (x86_64/release)
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All of the above platforms are 100% supported by Isabelle -- end-users
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should not have to care about the differences (at least in theory).
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Exotic platforms like BSD, Solaris, NixOS are not supported.
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64 bit vs. 32 bit platform personality
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--------------------------------------
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Isabelle requires 64 bit hardware running a 64 bit operating
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system. Windows and Mac OS X allow x86 executables as well, but for
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Linux this requires separate installation of 32 bit shared
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libraries. The POSIX emulation on Windows via Cygwin64 works
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exclusively for x86_64.
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Poly/ML supports both for x86_64 and x86, and the latter is preferred
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for space and performance reasons. Java is always the x86_64 version
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on all platforms.
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Add-on executables are expected to work without manual user
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configuration. Each component settings script needs to determine the
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platform details appropriately.
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The Isabelle settings environment provides the following important
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variables to help configuring platform-dependent tools:
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  ISABELLE_PLATFORM64  (potentially empty)
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  ISABELLE_PLATFORM32  (potentially empty)
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Each can be empty, but not both at the same time. Using GNU bash
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notation, tools may express their platform preference, e.g. first 64
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bit and second 32 bit, or the opposite:
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  "${ISABELLE_PLATFORM64:-$ISABELLE_PLATFORM32}"
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  "${ISABELLE_PLATFORM32:-$ISABELLE_PLATFORM64}"
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There is a another set of settings for native Windows (instead of the
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POSIX emulation of Cygwin used before):
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  ISABELLE_WINDOWS_PLATFORM64
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  ISABELLE_WINDOWS_PLATFORM32
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These are always empty on Linux and Mac OS X, and non-empty on
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Windows. They can be used like this to prefer native Windows and then
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Unix (first 64 bit second 32 bit):
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  "${ISABELLE_WINDOWS_PLATFORM64:-${ISABELLE_WINDOWS_PLATFORM32:-${ISABELLE_PLATFORM64:-$ISABELLE_PLATFORM32}}}"
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Dependable system tools
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The following portable system tools can be taken for granted:
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* Scala on top of Java.  Isabelle/Scala irons out many oddities and
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  portability issues of the Java platform.
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* GNU bash as uniform shell on all platforms. The POSIX "standard"
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  shell /bin/sh does *not* work portably -- there are too many
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  non-standard implementations of it. On Debian and Ubuntu /bin/sh is
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  actually /bin/dash and introduces many oddities.
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* Perl as largely portable system programming language, with its
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  fairly robust support for processes, signals, sockets etc.
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Known problems
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* Mac OS X: If MacPorts is installed there is some danger that
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  accidental references to its shared libraries are created
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  (e.g. libgmp).  Use otool -L to check if compiled binaries also work
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  without MacPorts.
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* Mac OS X: If MacPorts is installed and its version of Perl takes
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  precedence over /usr/bin/perl in the PATH, then the end-user needs
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  to take care of installing extra modules, e.g. for HTTP support.
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  Such add-ons are usually included in Apple's /usr/bin/perl by
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  default.
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* Common Unix tools like /bin/sh, /bin/kill, sed, ulimit are
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  notoriously non-portable an should be avoided.
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* The traditional "uname" Unix tool only tells about its own executable
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  format, not the underlying platform!