src/HOL/Hyperreal/Series.thy
author paulson
Thu, 24 Jun 2004 17:52:02 +0200
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(*  Title       : Series.thy
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    Author      : Jacques D. Fleuriot
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    Copyright   : 1998  University of Cambridge
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Converted to Isar and polished by lcp
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*) 
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header{*Finite Summation and Infinite Series*}
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theory Series = SEQ + Lim:
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consts sumr :: "[nat,nat,(nat=>real)] => real"
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primrec
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   sumr_0:   "sumr m 0 f = 0"
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   sumr_Suc: "sumr m (Suc n) f = (if n < m then 0 else sumr m n f + f(n))"
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constdefs
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   sums  :: "[nat=>real,real] => bool"     (infixr "sums" 80)
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   "f sums s  == (%n. sumr 0 n f) ----> s"
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   summable :: "(nat=>real) => bool"
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   "summable f == (\<exists>s. f sums s)"
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   suminf   :: "(nat=>real) => real"
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   "suminf f == (@s. f sums s)"
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lemma sumr_Suc_zero [simp]: "sumr (Suc n) n f = 0"
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by (induct_tac "n", auto)
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lemma sumr_eq_bounds [simp]: "sumr m m f = 0"
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by (induct_tac "m", auto)
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lemma sumr_Suc_eq [simp]: "sumr m (Suc m) f = f(m)"
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by auto
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lemma sumr_add_lbound_zero [simp]: "sumr (m+k) k f = 0"
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by (induct_tac "k", auto)
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lemma sumr_add: "sumr m n f + sumr m n g = sumr m n (%n. f n + g n)"
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apply (induct_tac "n")
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apply (simp_all add: add_ac)
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done
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lemma sumr_mult: "r * sumr m n f = sumr m n (%n. r * f n)"
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apply (induct_tac "n")
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apply (simp_all add: right_distrib)
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done
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lemma sumr_split_add [rule_format]:
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     "n < p --> sumr 0 n f + sumr n p f = sumr 0 p f"
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apply (induct_tac "p", auto)
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apply (rename_tac k) 
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apply (subgoal_tac "n=k", auto) 
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done
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lemma sumr_split_add_minus: "n < p ==> sumr 0 p f + - sumr 0 n f = sumr n p f"
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apply (drule_tac f1 = f in sumr_split_add [symmetric])
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apply (simp add: add_ac)
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done
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lemma sumr_split_add2 [rule_format]:
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     "0 < n --> n < p --> sumr (Suc 0) n f + sumr n p f = sumr (Suc 0) p f"
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apply (induct_tac "p", auto) 
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apply (rename_tac k) 
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apply (subgoal_tac "n=k", auto)
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done
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lemma sumr_split_add3:
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     "[| 0<n; n \<le> p |] ==> sumr (Suc 0) n f + sumr n p f = sumr (Suc 0) p f"
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apply (drule le_imp_less_or_eq, auto)
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apply (blast intro: sumr_split_add2)
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done
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lemma sumr_rabs: "abs(sumr m n f) \<le> sumr m n (%i. abs(f i))"
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apply (induct_tac "n")
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apply (auto intro: abs_triangle_ineq [THEN order_trans] add_right_mono)
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done
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lemma sumr_fun_eq [rule_format (no_asm)]:
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     "(\<forall>r. m \<le> r & r < n --> f r = g r) --> sumr m n f = sumr m n g"
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by (induct_tac "n", auto)
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lemma sumr_const [simp]: "sumr 0 n (%i. r) = real n * r"
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apply (induct_tac "n")
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apply (simp_all add: left_distrib real_of_nat_zero real_of_nat_Suc)
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done
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lemma sumr_add_mult_const:
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     "sumr 0 n f + -(real n * r) = sumr 0 n (%i. f i + -r)"
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by (simp only: sumr_add [symmetric] minus_mult_right, simp)
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lemma sumr_diff_mult_const: "sumr 0 n f - (real n*r) = sumr 0 n (%i. f i - r)"
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by (simp add: real_diff_def sumr_add_mult_const)
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lemma sumr_less_bounds_zero [rule_format, simp]: "n < m --> sumr m n f = 0"
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apply (induct_tac "n")
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apply (auto dest: less_imp_le)
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done
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lemma sumr_minus: "sumr m n (%i. - f i) = - sumr m n f"
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apply (induct_tac "n")
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apply (case_tac [2] "Suc n \<le> m", simp_all)
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done
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lemma sumr_shift_bounds: "sumr (m+k) (n+k) f = sumr m n (%i. f(i + k))"
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by (induct_tac "n", auto)
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lemma sumr_minus_one_realpow_zero [simp]: "sumr 0 (2*n) (%i. (-1) ^ Suc i) = 0"
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by (induct_tac "n", auto)
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lemma Suc_diff_n: "m < Suc n ==> Suc n - m = Suc (n - m)"
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by (drule less_imp_Suc_add, auto)
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lemma sumr_interval_const [rule_format (no_asm)]:
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     "(\<forall>n. m \<le> Suc n --> f n = r) --> m \<le> k --> sumr m k f = (real(k-m) * r)"
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apply (induct_tac "k", auto) 
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apply (drule_tac x = n in spec)
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apply (auto dest!: le_imp_less_or_eq)
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apply (simp (no_asm_simp) add: left_distrib Suc_diff_n real_of_nat_Suc)
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done
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lemma sumr_interval_const2 [rule_format (no_asm)]:
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     "(\<forall>n. m \<le> n --> f n = r) --> m \<le> k  
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      --> sumr m k f = (real (k - m) * r)"
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apply (induct_tac "k", auto) 
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apply (drule_tac x = n in spec)
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apply (auto dest!: le_imp_less_or_eq)
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apply (simp (no_asm_simp) add: Suc_diff_n left_distrib real_of_nat_Suc)
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done
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lemma sumr_le [rule_format (no_asm)]:
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     "(\<forall>n. m \<le> n --> 0 \<le> f n) --> m < k --> sumr 0 m f \<le> sumr 0 k f"
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apply (induct_tac "k")
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apply (auto simp add: less_Suc_eq_le)
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apply (drule_tac [!] x = n in spec, safe)
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apply (drule le_imp_less_or_eq, safe)
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apply (drule_tac [2] a = "sumr 0 m f" in add_mono)
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apply (drule_tac a = "sumr 0 m f" in order_refl [THEN add_mono], auto)
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done
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lemma sumr_le2 [rule_format (no_asm)]:
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     "(\<forall>r. m \<le> r & r < n --> f r \<le> g r) --> sumr m n f \<le> sumr m n g"
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apply (induct_tac "n")
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apply (auto intro: add_mono simp add: le_def)
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done
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lemma sumr_ge_zero [rule_format (no_asm)]: "(\<forall>n. 0 \<le> f n) --> 0 \<le> sumr m n f"
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apply (induct_tac "n", auto)
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apply (drule_tac x = n in spec, arith)
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done
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   152
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lemma sumr_ge_zero2 [rule_format (no_asm)]:
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     "(\<forall>n. m \<le> n --> 0 \<le> f n) --> 0 \<le> sumr m n f"
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   155
apply (induct_tac "n", auto)
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apply (drule_tac x = n in spec, arith)
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   157
done
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   158
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   159
lemma sumr_rabs_ge_zero [iff]: "0 \<le> sumr m n (%n. abs (f n))"
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by (induct_tac "n", auto, arith)
10751
a81ea5d3dd41 separation of HOL-Hyperreal from HOL-Real
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14416
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lemma rabs_sumr_rabs_cancel [simp]:
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     "abs (sumr m n (%n. abs (f n))) = (sumr m n (%n. abs (f n)))"
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   164
apply (induct_tac "n")
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apply (auto, arith)
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   166
done
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   167
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   168
lemma sumr_zero [rule_format]:
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     "\<forall>n. N \<le> n --> f n = 0 ==> N \<le> m --> sumr m n f = 0"
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   170
by (induct_tac "n", auto)
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   171
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lemma Suc_le_imp_diff_ge2:
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     "[|\<forall>n. N \<le> n --> f (Suc n) = 0; Suc N \<le> m|] ==> sumr m n f = 0"
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apply (rule sumr_zero) 
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apply (case_tac "n", auto)
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done
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   177
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   178
lemma sumr_one_lb_realpow_zero [simp]: "sumr (Suc 0) n (%n. f(n) * 0 ^ n) = 0"
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apply (induct_tac "n")
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apply (case_tac [2] "n", auto)
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   181
done
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   182
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   183
lemma sumr_diff: "sumr m n f - sumr m n g = sumr m n (%n. f n - g n)"
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   184
by (simp add: diff_minus sumr_add [symmetric] sumr_minus)
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   185
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   186
lemma sumr_subst [rule_format (no_asm)]:
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     "(\<forall>p. m \<le> p & p < m+n --> (f p = g p)) --> sumr m n f = sumr m n g"
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   188
by (induct_tac "n", auto)
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   189
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   190
lemma sumr_bound [rule_format (no_asm)]:
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     "(\<forall>p. m \<le> p & p < m + n --> (f(p) \<le> K))  
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      --> (sumr m (m + n) f \<le> (real n * K))"
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apply (induct_tac "n")
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   194
apply (auto intro: add_mono simp add: left_distrib real_of_nat_Suc)
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   195
done
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   196
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   197
lemma sumr_bound2 [rule_format (no_asm)]:
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     "(\<forall>p. 0 \<le> p & p < n --> (f(p) \<le> K))  
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      --> (sumr 0 n f \<le> (real n * K))"
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apply (induct_tac "n")
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apply (auto intro: add_mono simp add: left_distrib real_of_nat_Suc)
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   202
done
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   203
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   204
lemma sumr_group [simp]:
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     "sumr 0 n (%m. sumr (m * k) (m*k + k) f) = sumr 0 (n * k) f"
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   206
apply (subgoal_tac "k = 0 | 0 < k", auto)
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   207
apply (induct_tac "n")
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apply (simp_all add: sumr_split_add add_commute)
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   209
done
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   210
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
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   211
subsection{* Infinite Sums, by the Properties of Limits*}
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(*----------------------
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   suminf is the sum   
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   215
 ---------------------*)
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lemma sums_summable: "f sums l ==> summable f"
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   217
by (simp add: sums_def summable_def, blast)
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   218
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   219
lemma summable_sums: "summable f ==> f sums (suminf f)"
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apply (simp add: summable_def suminf_def)
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   221
apply (blast intro: someI2)
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   222
done
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   223
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   224
lemma summable_sumr_LIMSEQ_suminf: 
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     "summable f ==> (%n. sumr 0 n f) ----> (suminf f)"
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   226
apply (simp add: summable_def suminf_def sums_def)
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   227
apply (blast intro: someI2)
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   228
done
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   229
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   230
(*-------------------
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    sum is unique                    
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   232
 ------------------*)
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   233
lemma sums_unique: "f sums s ==> (s = suminf f)"
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   234
apply (frule sums_summable [THEN summable_sums])
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   235
apply (auto intro!: LIMSEQ_unique simp add: sums_def)
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   236
done
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   237
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   238
(*
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   239
Goalw [sums_def,LIMSEQ_def] 
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     "(\<forall>m. n \<le> Suc m --> f(m) = 0) ==> f sums (sumr 0 n f)"
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   241
by safe
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   242
by (res_inst_tac [("x","n")] exI 1);
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   243
by (safe THEN ftac le_imp_less_or_eq 1)
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by safe
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   245
by (dres_inst_tac [("f","f")] sumr_split_add_minus 1);
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   246
by (ALLGOALS (Asm_simp_tac));
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   247
by (dtac (conjI RS sumr_interval_const) 1);
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   248
by Auto_tac
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   249
qed "series_zero";
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   250
next one was called series_zero2
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   251
**********************)
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   252
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   253
lemma series_zero: 
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   254
     "(\<forall>m. n \<le> m --> f(m) = 0) ==> f sums (sumr 0 n f)"
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   255
apply (simp add: sums_def LIMSEQ_def, safe)
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   256
apply (rule_tac x = n in exI)
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   257
apply (safe, frule le_imp_less_or_eq, safe)
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   258
apply (drule_tac f = f in sumr_split_add_minus, simp_all)
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   259
apply (drule sumr_interval_const2, auto)
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   260
done
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   261
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   262
lemma sums_mult: "x sums x0 ==> (%n. c * x(n)) sums (c * x0)"
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   263
by (auto simp add: sums_def sumr_mult [symmetric]
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   264
         intro!: LIMSEQ_mult intro: LIMSEQ_const)
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   265
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   266
lemma sums_divide: "x sums x' ==> (%n. x(n)/c) sums (x'/c)"
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   267
by (simp add: real_divide_def sums_mult mult_commute [of _ "inverse c"])
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   268
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   269
lemma sums_diff: "[| x sums x0; y sums y0 |] ==> (%n. x n - y n) sums (x0-y0)"
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   270
by (auto simp add: sums_def sumr_diff [symmetric] intro: LIMSEQ_diff)
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   271
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
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   272
lemma suminf_mult: "summable f ==> suminf f * c = suminf(%n. f n * c)"
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   273
by (auto intro!: sums_unique sums_mult summable_sums simp add: mult_commute)
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   274
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
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   275
lemma suminf_mult2: "summable f ==> c * suminf f  = suminf(%n. c * f n)"
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   276
by (auto intro!: sums_unique sums_mult summable_sums)
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   277
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   278
lemma suminf_diff:
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   279
     "[| summable f; summable g |]   
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      ==> suminf f - suminf g  = suminf(%n. f n - g n)"
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   281
by (auto intro!: sums_diff sums_unique summable_sums)
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   282
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   283
lemma sums_minus: "x sums x0 ==> (%n. - x n) sums - x0"
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   284
by (auto simp add: sums_def intro!: LIMSEQ_minus simp add: sumr_minus)
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diff changeset
   285
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   286
lemma sums_group:
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   287
     "[|summable f; 0 < k |] ==> (%n. sumr (n*k) (n*k + k) f) sums (suminf f)"
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   288
apply (drule summable_sums)
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   289
apply (auto simp add: sums_def LIMSEQ_def)
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   290
apply (drule_tac x = r in spec, safe)
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   291
apply (rule_tac x = no in exI, safe)
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   292
apply (drule_tac x = "n*k" in spec)
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   293
apply (auto dest!: not_leE)
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   294
apply (drule_tac j = no in less_le_trans, auto)
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   295
done
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   296
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   297
lemma sumr_pos_lt_pair_lemma:
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   298
     "[|\<forall>d. - f (n + (d + d)) < f (Suc (n + (d + d)))|]
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   299
      ==> sumr 0 (n + Suc (Suc 0)) f \<le> sumr 0 (Suc (Suc 0) * Suc no + n) f"
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   300
apply (induct_tac "no", simp)
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   301
apply (rule_tac y = "sumr 0 (Suc (Suc 0) * (Suc na) +n) f" in order_trans)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   302
apply assumption
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   303
apply (drule_tac x = "Suc na" in spec)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   304
apply (simp add: add_ac) 
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   305
done
10751
a81ea5d3dd41 separation of HOL-Hyperreal from HOL-Real
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   306
a81ea5d3dd41 separation of HOL-Hyperreal from HOL-Real
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   307
14416
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   308
lemma sumr_pos_lt_pair:
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   309
     "[|summable f; \<forall>d. 0 < (f(n + (Suc(Suc 0) * d))) + f(n + ((Suc(Suc 0) * d) + 1))|]  
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   310
      ==> sumr 0 n f < suminf f"
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   311
apply (drule summable_sums)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   312
apply (auto simp add: sums_def LIMSEQ_def)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   313
apply (drule_tac x = "f (n) + f (n + 1) " in spec)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   314
apply auto
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   315
apply (rule_tac [2] ccontr, drule_tac [2] linorder_not_less [THEN iffD1])
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   316
apply (frule_tac [2] no=no in sumr_pos_lt_pair_lemma) 
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   317
apply (drule_tac x = 0 in spec, simp)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   318
apply (rotate_tac 1, drule_tac x = "Suc (Suc 0) * (Suc no) + n" in spec)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   319
apply (safe, simp)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   320
apply (subgoal_tac "suminf f + (f (n) + f (n + 1)) \<le> sumr 0 (Suc (Suc 0) * (Suc no) + n) f")
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   321
apply (rule_tac [2] y = "sumr 0 (n+ Suc (Suc 0)) f" in order_trans)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   322
prefer 3 apply assumption
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   323
apply (rule_tac [2] y = "sumr 0 n f + (f (n) + f (n + 1))" in order_trans)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   324
apply simp_all 
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   325
apply (subgoal_tac "suminf f \<le> sumr 0 (Suc (Suc 0) * (Suc no) + n) f")
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   326
apply (rule_tac [2] y = "suminf f + (f (n) + f (n + 1))" in order_trans)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   327
prefer 3 apply simp 
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   328
apply (drule_tac [2] x = 0 in spec)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   329
 prefer 2 apply simp 
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   330
apply (subgoal_tac "0 \<le> sumr 0 (Suc (Suc 0) * Suc no + n) f + - suminf f")
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   331
apply (simp add: abs_if) 
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   332
apply (auto simp add: linorder_not_less [symmetric])
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   333
done
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   334
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   335
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   336
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   337
(*-----------------------------------------------------------------
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   338
   Summable series of positive terms has limit >= any partial sum 
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   339
 ----------------------------------------------------------------*)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   340
lemma series_pos_le: 
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   341
     "[| summable f; \<forall>m. n \<le> m --> 0 \<le> f(m) |] ==> sumr 0 n f \<le> suminf f"
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   342
apply (drule summable_sums)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   343
apply (simp add: sums_def)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   344
apply (cut_tac k = "sumr 0 n f" in LIMSEQ_const)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   345
apply (erule LIMSEQ_le, blast) 
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   346
apply (rule_tac x = n in exI, clarify) 
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   347
apply (drule le_imp_less_or_eq)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   348
apply (auto intro: sumr_le)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   349
done
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   350
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   351
lemma series_pos_less:
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   352
     "[| summable f; \<forall>m. n \<le> m --> 0 < f(m) |] ==> sumr 0 n f < suminf f"
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   353
apply (rule_tac y = "sumr 0 (Suc n) f" in order_less_le_trans)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   354
apply (rule_tac [2] series_pos_le, auto)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   355
apply (drule_tac x = m in spec, auto)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   356
done
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   357
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   358
(*-------------------------------------------------------------------
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   359
                    sum of geometric progression                 
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   360
 -------------------------------------------------------------------*)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   361
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   362
lemma sumr_geometric: "x ~= 1 ==> sumr 0 n (%n. x ^ n) = (x ^ n - 1) / (x - 1)"
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   363
apply (induct_tac "n", auto)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   364
apply (rule_tac c1 = "x - 1" in real_mult_right_cancel [THEN iffD1])
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   365
apply (auto simp add: real_mult_assoc left_distrib)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   366
apply (simp add: right_distrib real_diff_def real_mult_commute)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   367
done
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   368
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   369
lemma geometric_sums: "abs(x) < 1 ==> (%n. x ^ n) sums (1/(1 - x))"
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   370
apply (case_tac "x = 1")
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   371
apply (auto dest!: LIMSEQ_rabs_realpow_zero2 simp add: sumr_geometric sums_def real_diff_def add_divide_distrib)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   372
apply (subgoal_tac "1 / (1 + -x) = 0/ (x - 1) + - 1/ (x - 1) ")
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   373
apply (erule ssubst)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   374
apply (rule LIMSEQ_add, rule LIMSEQ_divide)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   375
apply (auto intro: LIMSEQ_const simp add: real_diff_def minus_divide_right LIMSEQ_rabs_realpow_zero2)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   376
done
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   377
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   378
(*-------------------------------------------------------------------
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   379
    Cauchy-type criterion for convergence of series (c.f. Harrison)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   380
 -------------------------------------------------------------------*)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   381
lemma summable_convergent_sumr_iff: "summable f = convergent (%n. sumr 0 n f)"
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   382
by (simp add: summable_def sums_def convergent_def)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   383
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   384
lemma summable_Cauchy:
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   385
     "summable f =  
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   386
      (\<forall>e. 0 < e --> (\<exists>N. \<forall>m n. N \<le> m --> abs(sumr m n f) < e))"
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   387
apply (auto simp add: summable_convergent_sumr_iff Cauchy_convergent_iff [symmetric] Cauchy_def)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   388
apply (drule_tac [!] spec, auto) 
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   389
apply (rule_tac x = M in exI)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   390
apply (rule_tac [2] x = N in exI, auto)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   391
apply (cut_tac [!] m = m and n = n in less_linear, auto)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   392
apply (frule le_less_trans [THEN less_imp_le], assumption)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   393
apply (drule_tac x = n in spec)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   394
apply (drule_tac x = m in spec)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   395
apply (auto intro: abs_minus_add_cancel [THEN subst]
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   396
            simp add: sumr_split_add_minus abs_minus_add_cancel)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   397
done
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   398
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   399
(*-------------------------------------------------------------------
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   400
     Terms of a convergent series tend to zero
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   401
     > Goalw [LIMSEQ_def] "summable f ==> f ----> 0"
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   402
     Proved easily in HSeries after proving nonstandard case.
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   403
 -------------------------------------------------------------------*)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   404
(*-------------------------------------------------------------------
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   405
                    Comparison test
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   406
 -------------------------------------------------------------------*)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   407
lemma summable_comparison_test:
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   408
     "[| \<exists>N. \<forall>n. N \<le> n --> abs(f n) \<le> g n; summable g |] ==> summable f"
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   409
apply (auto simp add: summable_Cauchy)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   410
apply (drule spec, auto)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   411
apply (rule_tac x = "N + Na" in exI, auto)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   412
apply (rotate_tac 2)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   413
apply (drule_tac x = m in spec)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   414
apply (auto, rotate_tac 2, drule_tac x = n in spec)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   415
apply (rule_tac y = "sumr m n (%k. abs (f k))" in order_le_less_trans)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   416
apply (rule sumr_rabs)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   417
apply (rule_tac y = "sumr m n g" in order_le_less_trans)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   418
apply (auto intro: sumr_le2 simp add: abs_interval_iff)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   419
done
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   420
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   421
lemma summable_rabs_comparison_test:
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   422
     "[| \<exists>N. \<forall>n. N \<le> n --> abs(f n) \<le> g n; summable g |] 
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   423
      ==> summable (%k. abs (f k))"
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   424
apply (rule summable_comparison_test)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   425
apply (auto simp add: abs_idempotent)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   426
done
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   427
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   428
(*------------------------------------------------------------------*)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   429
(*       Limit comparison property for series (c.f. jrh)            *)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   430
(*------------------------------------------------------------------*)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   431
lemma summable_le:
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   432
     "[|\<forall>n. f n \<le> g n; summable f; summable g |] ==> suminf f \<le> suminf g"
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   433
apply (drule summable_sums)+
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   434
apply (auto intro!: LIMSEQ_le simp add: sums_def)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   435
apply (rule exI)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   436
apply (auto intro!: sumr_le2)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   437
done
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   438
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   439
lemma summable_le2:
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   440
     "[|\<forall>n. abs(f n) \<le> g n; summable g |]  
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   441
      ==> summable f & suminf f \<le> suminf g"
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   442
apply (auto intro: summable_comparison_test intro!: summable_le)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   443
apply (simp add: abs_le_interval_iff)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   444
done
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   445
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   446
(*-------------------------------------------------------------------
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   447
         Absolute convergence imples normal convergence
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   448
 -------------------------------------------------------------------*)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   449
lemma summable_rabs_cancel: "summable (%n. abs (f n)) ==> summable f"
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   450
apply (auto simp add: sumr_rabs summable_Cauchy)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   451
apply (drule spec, auto)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   452
apply (rule_tac x = N in exI, auto)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   453
apply (drule spec, auto)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   454
apply (rule_tac y = "sumr m n (%n. abs (f n))" in order_le_less_trans)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   455
apply (auto intro: sumr_rabs)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   456
done
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   457
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   458
(*-------------------------------------------------------------------
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   459
         Absolute convergence of series
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   460
 -------------------------------------------------------------------*)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   461
lemma summable_rabs:
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   462
     "summable (%n. abs (f n)) ==> abs(suminf f) \<le> suminf (%n. abs(f n))"
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   463
by (auto intro: LIMSEQ_le LIMSEQ_imp_rabs summable_rabs_cancel summable_sumr_LIMSEQ_suminf sumr_rabs)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   464
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   465
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   466
subsection{* The Ratio Test*}
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   467
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   468
lemma rabs_ratiotest_lemma: "[| c \<le> 0; abs x \<le> c * abs y |] ==> x = (0::real)"
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   469
apply (drule order_le_imp_less_or_eq, auto)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   470
apply (subgoal_tac "0 \<le> c * abs y")
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   471
apply (simp add: zero_le_mult_iff, arith)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   472
done
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   473
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   474
lemma le_Suc_ex: "(k::nat) \<le> l ==> (\<exists>n. l = k + n)"
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   475
apply (drule le_imp_less_or_eq)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   476
apply (auto dest: less_imp_Suc_add)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   477
done
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   478
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   479
lemma le_Suc_ex_iff: "((k::nat) \<le> l) = (\<exists>n. l = k + n)"
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   480
by (auto simp add: le_Suc_ex)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   481
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   482
(*All this trouble just to get 0<c *)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   483
lemma ratio_test_lemma2:
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   484
     "[| \<forall>n. N \<le> n --> abs(f(Suc n)) \<le> c*abs(f n) |]  
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   485
      ==> 0 < c | summable f"
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   486
apply (simp (no_asm) add: linorder_not_le [symmetric])
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   487
apply (simp add: summable_Cauchy)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   488
apply (safe, subgoal_tac "\<forall>n. N \<le> n --> f (Suc n) = 0")
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   489
prefer 2 apply (blast intro: rabs_ratiotest_lemma)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   490
apply (rule_tac x = "Suc N" in exI, clarify)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   491
apply (drule_tac n=n in Suc_le_imp_diff_ge2, auto) 
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   492
done
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   493
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   494
lemma ratio_test:
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   495
     "[| c < 1; \<forall>n. N \<le> n --> abs(f(Suc n)) \<le> c*abs(f n) |]  
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   496
      ==> summable f"
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   497
apply (frule ratio_test_lemma2, auto)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   498
apply (rule_tac g = "%n. (abs (f N) / (c ^ N))*c ^ n" in summable_comparison_test)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   499
apply (rule_tac x = N in exI, safe)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   500
apply (drule le_Suc_ex_iff [THEN iffD1])
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   501
apply (auto simp add: power_add realpow_not_zero)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   502
apply (induct_tac "na", auto)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   503
apply (rule_tac y = "c*abs (f (N + n))" in order_trans)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   504
apply (auto intro: mult_right_mono simp add: summable_def)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   505
apply (simp add: mult_ac)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   506
apply (rule_tac x = "abs (f N) * (1/ (1 - c)) / (c ^ N) " in exI)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   507
apply (rule sums_divide)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   508
apply (rule sums_mult)
15003
6145dd7538d7 replaced monomorphic abs definitions by abs_if
paulson
parents: 14416
diff changeset
   509
apply (auto intro!: sums_mult geometric_sums simp add: abs_if)
14416
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   510
done
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   511
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   512
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   513
(*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   514
(* Differentiation of finite sum                                            *)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   515
(*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   516
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   517
lemma DERIV_sumr [rule_format (no_asm)]:
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   518
     "(\<forall>r. m \<le> r & r < (m + n) --> DERIV (%x. f r x) x :> (f' r x))  
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   519
      --> DERIV (%x. sumr m n (%n. f n x)) x :> sumr m n (%r. f' r x)"
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   520
apply (induct_tac "n")
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   521
apply (auto intro: DERIV_add)
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   522
done
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   523
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   524
ML
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   525
{*
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   526
val sumr_0 = thm"sumr_0";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   527
val sumr_Suc = thm"sumr_Suc";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   528
val sums_def = thm"sums_def";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   529
val summable_def = thm"summable_def";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   530
val suminf_def = thm"suminf_def";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   531
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   532
val sumr_Suc_zero = thm "sumr_Suc_zero";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   533
val sumr_eq_bounds = thm "sumr_eq_bounds";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   534
val sumr_Suc_eq = thm "sumr_Suc_eq";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   535
val sumr_add_lbound_zero = thm "sumr_add_lbound_zero";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   536
val sumr_add = thm "sumr_add";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   537
val sumr_mult = thm "sumr_mult";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   538
val sumr_split_add = thm "sumr_split_add";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   539
val sumr_split_add_minus = thm "sumr_split_add_minus";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   540
val sumr_split_add2 = thm "sumr_split_add2";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   541
val sumr_split_add3 = thm "sumr_split_add3";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   542
val sumr_rabs = thm "sumr_rabs";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   543
val sumr_fun_eq = thm "sumr_fun_eq";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   544
val sumr_const = thm "sumr_const";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   545
val sumr_add_mult_const = thm "sumr_add_mult_const";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   546
val sumr_diff_mult_const = thm "sumr_diff_mult_const";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   547
val sumr_less_bounds_zero = thm "sumr_less_bounds_zero";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   548
val sumr_minus = thm "sumr_minus";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   549
val sumr_shift_bounds = thm "sumr_shift_bounds";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   550
val sumr_minus_one_realpow_zero = thm "sumr_minus_one_realpow_zero";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   551
val Suc_diff_n = thm "Suc_diff_n";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   552
val sumr_interval_const = thm "sumr_interval_const";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   553
val sumr_interval_const2 = thm "sumr_interval_const2";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   554
val sumr_le = thm "sumr_le";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   555
val sumr_le2 = thm "sumr_le2";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   556
val sumr_ge_zero = thm "sumr_ge_zero";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   557
val sumr_ge_zero2 = thm "sumr_ge_zero2";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   558
val sumr_rabs_ge_zero = thm "sumr_rabs_ge_zero";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   559
val rabs_sumr_rabs_cancel = thm "rabs_sumr_rabs_cancel";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   560
val sumr_zero = thm "sumr_zero";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   561
val Suc_le_imp_diff_ge2 = thm "Suc_le_imp_diff_ge2";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   562
val sumr_one_lb_realpow_zero = thm "sumr_one_lb_realpow_zero";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   563
val sumr_diff = thm "sumr_diff";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   564
val sumr_subst = thm "sumr_subst";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   565
val sumr_bound = thm "sumr_bound";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   566
val sumr_bound2 = thm "sumr_bound2";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   567
val sumr_group = thm "sumr_group";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   568
val sums_summable = thm "sums_summable";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   569
val summable_sums = thm "summable_sums";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   570
val summable_sumr_LIMSEQ_suminf = thm "summable_sumr_LIMSEQ_suminf";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   571
val sums_unique = thm "sums_unique";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   572
val series_zero = thm "series_zero";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   573
val sums_mult = thm "sums_mult";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   574
val sums_divide = thm "sums_divide";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   575
val sums_diff = thm "sums_diff";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   576
val suminf_mult = thm "suminf_mult";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   577
val suminf_mult2 = thm "suminf_mult2";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   578
val suminf_diff = thm "suminf_diff";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   579
val sums_minus = thm "sums_minus";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   580
val sums_group = thm "sums_group";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   581
val sumr_pos_lt_pair_lemma = thm "sumr_pos_lt_pair_lemma";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   582
val sumr_pos_lt_pair = thm "sumr_pos_lt_pair";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   583
val series_pos_le = thm "series_pos_le";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   584
val series_pos_less = thm "series_pos_less";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   585
val sumr_geometric = thm "sumr_geometric";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   586
val geometric_sums = thm "geometric_sums";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   587
val summable_convergent_sumr_iff = thm "summable_convergent_sumr_iff";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   588
val summable_Cauchy = thm "summable_Cauchy";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   589
val summable_comparison_test = thm "summable_comparison_test";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   590
val summable_rabs_comparison_test = thm "summable_rabs_comparison_test";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   591
val summable_le = thm "summable_le";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   592
val summable_le2 = thm "summable_le2";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   593
val summable_rabs_cancel = thm "summable_rabs_cancel";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   594
val summable_rabs = thm "summable_rabs";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   595
val rabs_ratiotest_lemma = thm "rabs_ratiotest_lemma";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   596
val le_Suc_ex = thm "le_Suc_ex";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   597
val le_Suc_ex_iff = thm "le_Suc_ex_iff";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   598
val ratio_test_lemma2 = thm "ratio_test_lemma2";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   599
val ratio_test = thm "ratio_test";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   600
val DERIV_sumr = thm "DERIV_sumr";
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   601
*}
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   602
1f256287d4f0 converted Hyperreal/Series to Isar script
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   603
end