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(* Title: FOLP/ex/cla
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ID: $Id$
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Author: Lawrence C Paulson, Cambridge University Computer Laboratory
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Copyright 1993 University of Cambridge
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Classical First-Order Logic
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*)
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writeln"File FOLP/ex/cla.ML";
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open Cla; (*in case structure Int is open!*)
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (P --> Q | R) --> (P-->Q) | (P-->R)";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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(*If and only if*)
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (P<->Q) <-> (Q<->P)";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : ~ (P <-> ~P)";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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(*Sample problems from
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F. J. Pelletier,
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Seventy-Five Problems for Testing Automatic Theorem Provers,
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J. Automated Reasoning 2 (1986), 191-216.
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Errata, JAR 4 (1988), 236-236.
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The hardest problems -- judging by experience with several theorem provers,
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including matrix ones -- are 34 and 43.
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*)
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writeln"Pelletier's examples";
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(*1*)
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (P-->Q) <-> (~Q --> ~P)";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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(*2*)
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : ~ ~ P <-> P";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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(*3*)
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : ~(P-->Q) --> (Q-->P)";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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(*4*)
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (~P-->Q) <-> (~Q --> P)";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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(*5*)
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : ((P|Q)-->(P|R)) --> (P|(Q-->R))";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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(*6*)
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : P | ~ P";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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(*7*)
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : P | ~ ~ ~ P";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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(*8. Peirce's law*)
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : ((P-->Q) --> P) --> P";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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(*9*)
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : ((P|Q) & (~P|Q) & (P| ~Q)) --> ~ (~P | ~Q)";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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(*10*)
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (Q-->R) & (R-->P&Q) & (P-->Q|R) --> (P<->Q)";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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(*11. Proved in each direction (incorrectly, says Pelletier!!) *)
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : P<->P";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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(*12. "Dijkstra's law"*)
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : ((P <-> Q) <-> R) <-> (P <-> (Q <-> R))";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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(*13. Distributive law*)
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : P | (Q & R) <-> (P | Q) & (P | R)";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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(*14*)
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (P <-> Q) <-> ((Q | ~P) & (~Q|P))";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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(*15*)
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (P --> Q) <-> (~P | Q)";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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(*16*)
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (P-->Q) | (Q-->P)";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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(*17*)
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : ((P & (Q-->R))-->S) <-> ((~P | Q | S) & (~P | ~R | S))";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Classical Logic: examples with quantifiers";
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (ALL x. P(x) & Q(x)) <-> (ALL x. P(x)) & (ALL x. Q(x))";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (EX x. P-->Q(x)) <-> (P --> (EX x. Q(x)))";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (EX x. P(x)-->Q) <-> (ALL x. P(x)) --> Q";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (ALL x. P(x)) | Q <-> (ALL x. P(x) | Q)";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Problems requiring quantifier duplication";
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(*Needs multiple instantiation of ALL.*)
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(*
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (ALL x. P(x)-->P(f(x))) & P(d)-->P(f(f(f(d))))";
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by (best_tac FOLP_dup_cs 1);
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result();
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*)
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(*Needs double instantiation of the quantifier*)
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : EX x. P(x) --> P(a) & P(b)";
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by (best_tac FOLP_dup_cs 1);
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result();
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : EX z. P(z) --> (ALL x. P(x))";
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by (best_tac FOLP_dup_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Hard examples with quantifiers";
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writeln"Problem 18";
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : EX y. ALL x. P(y)-->P(x)";
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by (best_tac FOLP_dup_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Problem 19";
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : EX x. ALL y z. (P(y)-->Q(z)) --> (P(x)-->Q(x))";
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by (best_tac FOLP_dup_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Problem 20";
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (ALL x y. EX z. ALL w. (P(x)&Q(y)-->R(z)&S(w))) \
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\ --> (EX x y. P(x) & Q(y)) --> (EX z. R(z))";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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(*
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writeln"Problem 21";
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (EX x. P-->Q(x)) & (EX x. Q(x)-->P) --> (EX x. P<->Q(x))";
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by (best_tac FOLP_dup_cs 1);
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result();
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*)
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writeln"Problem 22";
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (ALL x. P <-> Q(x)) --> (P <-> (ALL x. Q(x)))";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Problem 23";
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (ALL x. P | Q(x)) <-> (P | (ALL x. Q(x)))";
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by (best_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Problem 24";
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : ~(EX x. S(x)&Q(x)) & (ALL x. P(x) --> Q(x)|R(x)) & \
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\ (~(EX x. P(x)) --> (EX x. Q(x))) & (ALL x. Q(x)|R(x) --> S(x)) \
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\ --> (EX x. P(x)&R(x))";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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(*
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writeln"Problem 25";
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (EX x. P(x)) & \
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\ (ALL x. L(x) --> ~ (M(x) & R(x))) & \
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\ (ALL x. P(x) --> (M(x) & L(x))) & \
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\ ((ALL x. P(x)-->Q(x)) | (EX x. P(x)&R(x))) \
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\ --> (EX x. Q(x)&P(x))";
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by (best_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Problem 26";
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goal FOLP.thy "?u : ((EX x. p(x)) <-> (EX x. q(x))) & \
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\ (ALL x. ALL y. p(x) & q(y) --> (r(x) <-> s(y))) \
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\ --> ((ALL x. p(x)-->r(x)) <-> (ALL x. q(x)-->s(x)))";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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*)
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writeln"Problem 27";
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (EX x. P(x) & ~Q(x)) & \
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\ (ALL x. P(x) --> R(x)) & \
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\ (ALL x. M(x) & L(x) --> P(x)) & \
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\ ((EX x. R(x) & ~ Q(x)) --> (ALL x. L(x) --> ~ R(x))) \
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\ --> (ALL x. M(x) --> ~L(x))";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Problem 28. AMENDED";
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (ALL x. P(x) --> (ALL x. Q(x))) & \
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\ ((ALL x. Q(x)|R(x)) --> (EX x. Q(x)&S(x))) & \
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\ ((EX x. S(x)) --> (ALL x. L(x) --> M(x))) \
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\ --> (ALL x. P(x) & L(x) --> M(x))";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Problem 29. Essentially the same as Principia Mathematica *11.71";
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (EX x. P(x)) & (EX y. Q(y)) \
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\ --> ((ALL x. P(x)-->R(x)) & (ALL y. Q(y)-->S(y)) <-> \
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\ (ALL x y. P(x) & Q(y) --> R(x) & S(y)))";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Problem 30";
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (ALL x. P(x) | Q(x) --> ~ R(x)) & \
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\ (ALL x. (Q(x) --> ~ S(x)) --> P(x) & R(x)) \
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\ --> (ALL x. S(x))";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Problem 31";
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : ~(EX x. P(x) & (Q(x) | R(x))) & \
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\ (EX x. L(x) & P(x)) & \
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\ (ALL x. ~ R(x) --> M(x)) \
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\ --> (EX x. L(x) & M(x))";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Problem 32";
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (ALL x. P(x) & (Q(x)|R(x))-->S(x)) & \
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\ (ALL x. S(x) & R(x) --> L(x)) & \
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\ (ALL x. M(x) --> R(x)) \
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\ --> (ALL x. P(x) & M(x) --> L(x))";
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by (best_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Problem 33";
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (ALL x. P(a) & (P(x)-->P(b))-->P(c)) <-> \
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\ (ALL x. (~P(a) | P(x) | P(c)) & (~P(a) | ~P(b) | P(c)))";
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by (best_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Problem 35";
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : EX x y. P(x,y) --> (ALL u v. P(u,v))";
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by (best_tac FOLP_dup_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Problem 36";
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goal FOLP.thy
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"?p : (ALL x. EX y. J(x,y)) & \
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\ (ALL x. EX y. G(x,y)) & \
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\ (ALL x y. J(x,y) | G(x,y) --> (ALL z. J(y,z) | G(y,z) --> H(x,z))) \
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\ --> (ALL x. EX y. H(x,y))";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Problem 37";
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (ALL z. EX w. ALL x. EX y. \
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\ (P(x,z)-->P(y,w)) & P(y,z) & (P(y,w) --> (EX u. Q(u,w)))) & \
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\ (ALL x z. ~P(x,z) --> (EX y. Q(y,z))) & \
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\ ((EX x y. Q(x,y)) --> (ALL x. R(x,x))) \
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\ --> (ALL x. EX y. R(x,y))";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Problem 39";
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : ~ (EX x. ALL y. F(y,x) <-> ~F(y,y))";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Problem 40. AMENDED";
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (EX y. ALL x. F(x,y) <-> F(x,x)) --> \
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\ ~(ALL x. EX y. ALL z. F(z,y) <-> ~ F(z,x))";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Problem 41";
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (ALL z. EX y. ALL x. f(x,y) <-> f(x,z) & ~ f(x,x)) \
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\ --> ~ (EX z. ALL x. f(x,z))";
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by (best_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Problem 44";
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (ALL x. f(x) --> \
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\ (EX y. g(y) & h(x,y) & (EX y. g(y) & ~ h(x,y)))) & \
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\ (EX x. j(x) & (ALL y. g(y) --> h(x,y))) \
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\ --> (EX x. j(x) & ~f(x))";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Problems (mainly) involving equality or functions";
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writeln"Problem 48";
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (a=b | c=d) & (a=c | b=d) --> a=d | b=c";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Problem 50";
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(*What has this to do with equality?*)
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (ALL x. P(a,x) | (ALL y. P(x,y))) --> (EX x. ALL y. P(x,y))";
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by (best_tac FOLP_dup_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Problem 56";
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goal FOLP.thy
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"?p : (ALL x. (EX y. P(y) & x=f(y)) --> P(x)) <-> (ALL x. P(x) --> P(f(x)))";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Problem 57";
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goal FOLP.thy
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"?p : P(f(a,b), f(b,c)) & P(f(b,c), f(a,c)) & \
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\ (ALL x y z. P(x,y) & P(y,z) --> P(x,z)) --> P(f(a,b), f(a,c))";
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by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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result();
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writeln"Problem 58 NOT PROVED AUTOMATICALLY";
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goal FOLP.thy "?p : (ALL x y. f(x)=g(y)) --> (ALL x y. f(f(x))=f(g(y)))";
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val f_cong = read_instantiate [("t","f")] subst_context;
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346 |
by (fast_tac (FOLP_cs addIs [f_cong]) 1);
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347 |
result();
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348 |
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349 |
writeln"Problem 59";
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350 |
goal FOLP.thy "?p : (ALL x. P(x) <-> ~P(f(x))) --> (EX x. P(x) & ~P(f(x)))";
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351 |
by (best_tac FOLP_dup_cs 1);
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352 |
result();
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353 |
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354 |
writeln"Problem 60";
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355 |
goal FOLP.thy
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356 |
"?p : ALL x. P(x,f(x)) <-> (EX y. (ALL z. P(z,y) --> P(z,f(x))) & P(x,y))";
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357 |
by (fast_tac FOLP_cs 1);
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358 |
result();
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359 |
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|
360 |
writeln"Reached end of file.";
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