src/HOL/Mutabelle/mutabelle_extra.ML

tuned comments;

(*  Title:      HOL/Mutabelle/mutabelle_extra.ML
    Author:     Stefan Berghofer, Jasmin Blanchette, Lukas Bulwahn, TU Muenchen

Invokation of Counterexample generators.
*)

signature MUTABELLE_EXTRA =
sig

val take_random : int -> 'a list -> 'a list

datatype outcome = GenuineCex | PotentialCex | NoCex | Donno | Timeout | Error | Solved | Unsolved
type timing = (string * int) list

type mtd = string * (theory -> term -> outcome * (timing * (int * Quickcheck.report list) list option))

type mutant_subentry = term * (string * (outcome * (timing * Quickcheck.report option))) list
type detailed_entry = string * bool * term * mutant_subentry list

type subentry = string * int * int * int * int * int * int
type entry = string * bool * subentry list
type report = entry list

val quickcheck_mtd : (Proof.context -> Proof.context) -> string -> mtd

val solve_direct_mtd : mtd
val try_mtd : mtd
(*
val sledgehammer_mtd : mtd
*)
val nitpick_mtd : mtd

(*
val refute_mtd : mtd
*)

val freezeT : term -> term
val thms_of : bool -> theory -> thm list

val string_for_report : report -> string
val write_report : string -> report -> unit
val mutate_theorems_and_write_report :
  theory -> mtd list -> thm list -> string -> unit

val random_seed : real Unsynchronized.ref
end;

structure MutabelleExtra : MUTABELLE_EXTRA =
struct

(* Own seed; can't rely on the Isabelle one to stay the same *)
val random_seed = Unsynchronized.ref 1.0;


(* mutation options *)
(*val max_mutants = 4
val num_mutations = 1*)
(* soundness check: *)
val max_mutants =  10
val num_mutations = 1

(* quickcheck options *)
(*val quickcheck_generator = "SML"*)

(* Another Random engine *)

exception RANDOM;

fun rmod x y = x - y * Real.realFloor (x / y);

local
  val a = 16807.0;
  val m = 2147483647.0;
in

fun random () = CRITICAL (fn () =>
  let val r = rmod (a * ! random_seed) m
  in (random_seed := r; r) end);

end;

fun random_range l h =
  if h < l orelse l < 0 then raise RANDOM
  else l + Real.floor (rmod (random ()) (real (h - l + 1)));

fun take_random 0 _ = []
  | take_random _ [] = []
  | take_random n xs =
    let val j = random_range 0 (length xs - 1) in
      Library.nth xs j :: take_random (n - 1) (nth_drop j xs)
    end
  
(* possible outcomes *)

datatype outcome = GenuineCex | PotentialCex | NoCex | Donno | Timeout | Error | Solved | Unsolved

fun string_of_outcome GenuineCex = "GenuineCex"
  | string_of_outcome PotentialCex = "PotentialCex"
  | string_of_outcome NoCex = "NoCex"
  | string_of_outcome Donno = "Donno"
  | string_of_outcome Timeout = "Timeout"
  | string_of_outcome Error = "Error"
  | string_of_outcome Solved = "Solved"
  | string_of_outcome Unsolved = "Unsolved"

type timing = (string * int) list

type mtd = string * (theory -> term -> outcome * (timing * (int * Quickcheck.report list) list option))

type mutant_subentry = term * (string * (outcome * (timing * Quickcheck.report option))) list
type detailed_entry = string * bool * term * mutant_subentry list

type subentry = string * int * int * int * int * int * int
type entry = string * bool * subentry list
type report = entry list

(* possible invocations *)

(** quickcheck **)

fun invoke_quickcheck change_options quickcheck_generator thy t =
  TimeLimit.timeLimit (seconds (!Auto_Tools.time_limit))
      (fn _ =>
          case Quickcheck.test_goal_terms (change_options (ProofContext.init_global thy))
              false [] [t] of
            (NONE, _) => (NoCex, ([], NONE))
          | (SOME _, _) => (GenuineCex, ([], NONE))) ()
  handle TimeLimit.TimeOut =>
         (Timeout, ([("timelimit", Real.floor (!Auto_Tools.time_limit))], NONE))

fun quickcheck_mtd change_options quickcheck_generator =
  ("quickcheck_" ^ quickcheck_generator, invoke_quickcheck change_options quickcheck_generator)

(** solve direct **)
 
fun invoke_solve_direct thy t =
  let
    val state = Proof.theorem NONE (K I) (map (single o rpair []) [t]) (ProofContext.init_global thy) 
  in
    case Solve_Direct.solve_direct false state of
      (true, _) => (Solved, ([], NONE))
    | (false, _) => (Unsolved, ([], NONE))
  end

val solve_direct_mtd = ("solve_direct", invoke_solve_direct) 

(** try **)

fun invoke_try thy t =
  let
    val state = Proof.theorem NONE (K I) (map (single o rpair []) [t]) (ProofContext.init_global thy)
  in
    case Try.invoke_try (SOME (seconds 5.0)) state of
      true => (Solved, ([], NONE))
    | false => (Unsolved, ([], NONE))
  end

val try_mtd = ("try", invoke_try)

(** sledgehammer **)
(*
fun invoke_sledgehammer thy t =
  if can (Goal.prove_global thy (Term.add_free_names t [])  [] t)
      (fn {context, ...} => Sledgehammer_Tactics.sledgehammer_with_metis_tac context 1) then
    (Solved, ([], NONE))
  else
    (Unsolved, ([], NONE))

val sledgehammer_mtd = ("sledgehammer", invoke_sledgehammer)
*)
(*
fun invoke_refute thy t =
  let
    val res = MyRefute.refute_term thy [] t
    val _ = Output.urgent_message ("Refute: " ^ res)
  in
    case res of
      "genuine" => GenuineCex
    | "likely_genuine" => GenuineCex
    | "potential" => PotentialCex
    | "none" => NoCex
    | "unknown" => Donno
    | _ => Error
  end
  handle MyRefute.REFUTE (loc, details) =>
         (error ("Unhandled Refute error (" ^ quote loc ^ "): " ^ details ^
                   "."))
val refute_mtd = ("refute", invoke_refute)
*)

(** nitpick **)

fun invoke_nitpick thy t =
  let
    val ctxt = ProofContext.init_global thy
    val state = Proof.init ctxt
    val (res, _) = Nitpick.pick_nits_in_term state
      (Nitpick_Isar.default_params thy []) false 1 1 1 [] [] t
    val _ = Output.urgent_message ("Nitpick: " ^ res)
  in
    rpair ([], NONE) (case res of
      "genuine" => GenuineCex
    | "likely_genuine" => GenuineCex
    | "potential" => PotentialCex
    | "none" => NoCex
    | "unknown" => Donno
    | _ => Error)
  end

val nitpick_mtd = ("nitpick", invoke_nitpick)

(* filtering forbidden theorems and mutants *)

val comms = [@{const_name HOL.eq}, @{const_name HOL.disj}, @{const_name HOL.conj}]

val forbidden =
 [(* (@{const_name "power"}, "'a"), *)
  (*(@{const_name induct_equal}, "'a"),
  (@{const_name induct_implies}, "'a"),
  (@{const_name induct_conj}, "'a"),*)
  (@{const_name "undefined"}, "'a"),
  (@{const_name "default"}, "'a"),
  (@{const_name "dummy_pattern"}, "'a::{}"),
  (@{const_name "HOL.simp_implies"}, "prop => prop => prop"),
  (@{const_name "bot_fun_inst.bot_fun"}, "'a"),
  (@{const_name "top_fun_inst.top_fun"}, "'a"),
  (@{const_name "Pure.term"}, "'a"),
  (@{const_name "top_class.top"}, "'a"),
  (@{const_name "Quotient.Quot_True"}, "'a")(*,
  (@{const_name "uminus"}, "'a"),
  (@{const_name "Nat.size"}, "'a"),
  (@{const_name "Groups.abs"}, "'a") *)]

val forbidden_thms =
 ["finite_intvl_succ_class",
  "nibble"]

val forbidden_consts =
 [@{const_name nibble_pair_of_char}, @{const_name "TYPE"}]

fun is_forbidden_theorem (s, th) =
  let val consts = Term.add_const_names (prop_of th) [] in
    exists (member (op =) (space_explode "." s)) forbidden_thms orelse
    exists (member (op =) forbidden_consts) consts orelse
    length (space_explode "." s) <> 2 orelse
    String.isPrefix "type_definition" (List.last (space_explode "." s)) orelse
    String.isSuffix "_def" s orelse
    String.isSuffix "_raw" s orelse
    String.isPrefix "term_of" (List.last (space_explode "." s))
  end

val forbidden_mutant_constnames =
 ["HOL.induct_equal",
  "HOL.induct_implies",
  "HOL.induct_conj",
 @{const_name undefined},
 @{const_name default},
 @{const_name dummy_pattern},
 @{const_name "HOL.simp_implies"},
 @{const_name "bot_fun_inst.bot_fun"},
 @{const_name "top_fun_inst.top_fun"},
 @{const_name "Pure.term"},
 @{const_name "top_class.top"},
 (*@{const_name "HOL.equal"},*)
 @{const_name "Quotient.Quot_True"},
 @{const_name "equal_fun_inst.equal_fun"},
 @{const_name "equal_bool_inst.equal_bool"},
 @{const_name "ord_fun_inst.less_eq_fun"},
 @{const_name "ord_fun_inst.less_fun"},
 @{const_name Metis.fequal},
 @{const_name Meson.skolem},
 @{const_name transfer_morphism}
 (*@{const_name "==>"}, @{const_name "=="}*)]

val forbidden_mutant_consts =
  [
   (@{const_name "Groups.zero_class.zero"}, @{typ "prop => prop => prop"}),
   (@{const_name "Groups.one_class.one"}, @{typ "prop => prop => prop"}),
   (@{const_name "Groups.plus_class.plus"}, @{typ "prop => prop => prop"}),
   (@{const_name "Groups.minus_class.minus"}, @{typ "prop => prop => prop"}),
   (@{const_name "Groups.times_class.times"}, @{typ "prop => prop => prop"}),
   (@{const_name "Rings.inverse_class.divide"}, @{typ "prop => prop => prop"}),
   (@{const_name "Lattices.semilattice_inf_class.inf"}, @{typ "prop => prop => prop"}),
   (@{const_name "Lattices.semilattice_sup_class.sup"}, @{typ "prop => prop => prop"}),
   (@{const_name "Orderings.bot_class.bot"}, @{typ "prop => prop => prop"}),
   (@{const_name "Orderings.ord_class.min"}, @{typ "prop => prop => prop"}),
   (@{const_name "Orderings.ord_class.max"}, @{typ "prop => prop => prop"}),
   (@{const_name "Divides.div_class.mod"}, @{typ "prop => prop => prop"}),
   (@{const_name "Divides.div_class.div"}, @{typ "prop => prop => prop"}),
   (@{const_name "GCD.gcd_class.gcd"}, @{typ "prop => prop => prop"}),
   (@{const_name "GCD.gcd_class.lcm"}, @{typ "prop => prop => prop"}),
   (@{const_name "Orderings.bot_class.bot"}, @{typ "bool => prop"}),
   (@{const_name "Groups.one_class.one"}, @{typ "bool => prop"}),
   (@{const_name "Groups.zero_class.zero"},@{typ "bool => prop"})]

fun is_forbidden_mutant t =
  let
    val const_names = Term.add_const_names t []
    val consts = Term.add_consts t []
  in
    exists (String.isPrefix "Nitpick") const_names orelse
    exists (String.isSubstring "_sumC") const_names orelse
    exists (member (op =) forbidden_mutant_constnames) const_names orelse
    exists (member (op =) forbidden_mutant_consts) consts
  end

(* executable via quickcheck *)

fun is_executable_term thy t =
  let
    val ctxt = ProofContext.init_global thy
  in
    can (TimeLimit.timeLimit (seconds 2.0)
      (Quickcheck.test_goal_terms
        ((Config.put Quickcheck.finite_types true #>
          Config.put Quickcheck.finite_type_size 1 #>
          Config.put Quickcheck.size 1 #> Config.put Quickcheck.iterations 1) ctxt)
        false [])) (map (Object_Logic.atomize_term thy) (fst (Variable.import_terms true [t] ctxt)))
  end

fun is_executable_thm thy th = is_executable_term thy (prop_of th)

val freezeT =
  map_types (map_type_tvar (fn ((a, i), S) =>
    TFree (if i = 0 then a else a ^ "_" ^ string_of_int i, S)))

fun thms_of all thy =
  filter
    (fn th => (all orelse Context.theory_name (theory_of_thm th) = Context.theory_name thy)
      (* andalso is_executable_thm thy th *))
    (map snd (filter_out is_forbidden_theorem (Mutabelle.all_unconcealed_thms_of thy)))

val count = length oo filter o equal

fun cpu_time description f =
  let
    val start = start_timing ()
    val result = Exn.capture f ()
    val time = Time.toMilliseconds (#cpu (end_timing start))
  in (Exn.release result, (description, time)) end
(*
fun unsafe_invoke_mtd thy (mtd_name, invoke_mtd) t =
  let
    val _ = Output.urgent_message ("Invoking " ^ mtd_name)
    val ((res, (timing, reports)), time) = cpu_time "total time" (fn () => invoke_mtd thy t
      handle ERROR s => (tracing s; (Error, ([], NONE))))
    val _ = Output.urgent_message (" Done")
  in (res, (time :: timing, reports)) end
*)  
fun safe_invoke_mtd thy (mtd_name, invoke_mtd) t =
  let
    val _ = Output.urgent_message ("Invoking " ^ mtd_name)
    val (res, (timing, reports)) = (*cpu_time "total time"
      (fn () => *)case try (invoke_mtd thy) t of
          SOME (res, (timing, reports)) => (res, (timing, reports))
        | NONE => (Output.urgent_message ("**** PROBLEMS WITH " ^ Syntax.string_of_term_global thy t);
           (Error, ([], NONE)))
    val _ = Output.urgent_message (" Done")
  in (res, (timing, reports)) end

(* theory -> term list -> mtd -> subentry *)

fun test_mutants_using_one_method thy mutants (mtd_name, invoke_mtd) =
  let
     val res = map (fst o safe_invoke_mtd thy (mtd_name, invoke_mtd)) mutants
  in
    (mtd_name, count GenuineCex res, count PotentialCex res, count NoCex res,
     count Donno res, count Timeout res, count Error res)
  end

(* creating entries *)

fun create_entry thy thm exec mutants mtds =
  (Thm.get_name_hint thm, exec, map (test_mutants_using_one_method thy mutants) mtds)

fun create_detailed_entry thy thm exec mutants mtds =
  let
    fun create_mutant_subentry mutant = (mutant,
      map (fn (mtd_name, invoke_mtd) =>
        (mtd_name, safe_invoke_mtd thy (mtd_name, invoke_mtd) mutant)) mtds)
  in
    (Thm.get_name_hint thm, exec, prop_of thm, map create_mutant_subentry mutants)
  end

(* (theory -> thm -> bool -> term list -> mtd list -> 'a) -> theory -> mtd list -> thm -> 'a *)
fun mutate_theorem create_entry thy mtds thm =
  let
    val exec = is_executable_thm thy thm
    val _ = Output.tracing (if exec then "EXEC" else "NOEXEC")
    val mutants =
          (if num_mutations = 0 then
             [Thm.prop_of thm]
           else
             Mutabelle.mutate_mix (Thm.prop_of thm) thy comms forbidden
                                  num_mutations)
             |> tap (fn muts => tracing ("mutants: " ^ string_of_int (length muts)))
             |> filter_out is_forbidden_mutant
    val mutants =
      if exec then
        let
          val _ = Output.urgent_message ("BEFORE PARTITION OF " ^
                            Int.toString (length mutants) ^ " MUTANTS")
          val (execs, noexecs) = List.partition (is_executable_term thy) (take_random (20 * max_mutants) mutants)
          val _ = tracing ("AFTER PARTITION (" ^ Int.toString (length execs) ^
                           " vs " ^ Int.toString (length noexecs) ^ ")")
        in
          execs @ take_random (Int.max (0, max_mutants - length execs)) noexecs
        end
      else
        mutants
    val mutants = mutants
          |> map Mutabelle.freeze |> map freezeT
(*          |> filter (not o is_forbidden_mutant) *)
          |> List.mapPartial (try (Sign.cert_term thy))
          |> List.filter (is_some o try (Thm.cterm_of thy))
          |> List.filter (is_some o try (Syntax.check_term (ProofContext.init_global thy)))
          |> take_random max_mutants
    val _ = map (fn t => Output.urgent_message ("MUTANT: " ^ Syntax.string_of_term_global thy t)) mutants
  in
    create_entry thy thm exec mutants mtds
  end

(* theory -> mtd list -> thm list -> report *)
val mutate_theorems = map ooo mutate_theorem

fun string_of_mutant_subentry thy thm_name (t, results) =
  "mutant: " ^ Syntax.string_of_term_global thy t ^ "\n" ^
  space_implode "; "
    (map (fn (mtd_name, (outcome, timing)) => mtd_name ^ ": " ^ string_of_outcome outcome) results) ^
  "\n"

(* string -> string *)
val unyxml = XML.content_of o YXML.parse_body

fun string_of_mutant_subentry' thy thm_name (t, results) =
  let
    fun string_of_report (Quickcheck.Report {iterations = i, raised_match_errors = e,
      satisfied_assms = s, positive_concl_tests = p}) =
      "errors: " ^ string_of_int e ^ "; conclusion tests: " ^ string_of_int p
    fun string_of_reports NONE = ""
      | string_of_reports (SOME reports) =
        cat_lines (map (fn (size, [report]) =>
          "size " ^ string_of_int size ^ ": " ^ string_of_report report) (rev reports))
    fun string_of_mtd_result (mtd_name, (outcome, (timing, reports))) =
      mtd_name ^ ": " ^ string_of_outcome outcome
      (*" with time " ^ " (" ^ space_implode "; " (map (fn (s, t) => (s ^ ": " ^ string_of_int t)) timing) ^ ")"*)
      (*^ "\n" ^ string_of_reports reports*)
  in
    "mutant of " ^ thm_name ^ ":\n"
    ^ unyxml (Syntax.string_of_term_global thy t) ^ "\n" ^ space_implode "; " (map string_of_mtd_result results)
  end

fun string_of_detailed_entry thy (thm_name, exec, t, mutant_subentries) = 
   thm_name ^ " " ^ (if exec then "[exe]" else "[noexe]") ^ ": " ^
   Syntax.string_of_term_global thy t ^ "\n" ^                                    
   cat_lines (map (string_of_mutant_subentry' thy thm_name) mutant_subentries) ^ "\n"

fun theoryfile_string_of_mutant_subentry thy thm_name (i, (t, results)) =
  "lemma " ^ thm_name ^ "_" ^ string_of_int (i + 1) ^ ":\n" ^
  "\"" ^ unyxml (Syntax.string_of_term_global thy t) ^
  "\" \nquickcheck\noops\n"

fun theoryfile_string_of_detailed_entry thy (thm_name, exec, t, mutant_subentries) =
  "subsubsection {* mutants of " ^ thm_name ^ " *}\n\n" ^
  cat_lines (map_index
    (theoryfile_string_of_mutant_subentry thy thm_name) mutant_subentries) ^ "\n"

(* subentry -> string *)
fun string_for_subentry (mtd_name, genuine_cex, potential_cex, no_cex, donno,
                         timeout, error) =
  "    " ^ mtd_name ^ ": " ^ Int.toString genuine_cex ^ "+ " ^
  Int.toString potential_cex ^ "= " ^ Int.toString no_cex ^ "- " ^
  Int.toString donno ^ "? " ^ Int.toString timeout ^ "T " ^
  Int.toString error ^ "!"

(* entry -> string *)
fun string_for_entry (thm_name, exec, subentries) =
  thm_name ^ " " ^ (if exec then "[exe]" else "[noexe]") ^ ":\n" ^
  cat_lines (map string_for_subentry subentries) ^ "\n"

(* report -> string *)
fun string_for_report report = cat_lines (map string_for_entry report)

(* string -> report -> unit *)
fun write_report file_name =
  File.write (Path.explode file_name) o string_for_report

(* theory -> mtd list -> thm list -> string -> unit *)
fun mutate_theorems_and_write_report thy mtds thms file_name =
  let
    val _ = Output.urgent_message "Starting Mutabelle..."
    val ctxt = ProofContext.init_global thy
    val path = Path.explode file_name
    (* for normal report: *)
    (*
    val (gen_create_entry, gen_string_for_entry) = (create_entry, string_for_entry)
    *)
    (* for detailled report: *)
    val (gen_create_entry, gen_string_for_entry) = (create_detailed_entry, string_of_detailed_entry thy)
    (* for theory creation: *)
    (*val (gen_create_entry, gen_string_for_entry) = (create_detailed_entry, theoryfile_string_of_detailed_entry thy)*)
  in
    File.write path (
    "Mutation options = "  ^
      "max_mutants: " ^ string_of_int max_mutants ^
      "; num_mutations: " ^ string_of_int num_mutations ^ "\n" ^
    "QC options = " ^
      (*"quickcheck_generator: " ^ quickcheck_generator ^ ";*)
      "size: " ^ string_of_int (Config.get ctxt Quickcheck.size) ^
      "; iterations: " ^ string_of_int (Config.get ctxt Quickcheck.iterations) ^ "\n");
    map (File.append path o gen_string_for_entry o mutate_theorem gen_create_entry thy mtds) thms;
    ()
  end

end;