author | nipkow |
Wed, 17 Jun 2015 22:06:56 +0200 | |
changeset 60507 | 16993a3f4967 |
parent 60506 | 83231b558ce4 |
child 60808 | fd26519b1a6a |
permissions | -rw-r--r-- |
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(* Author: Tobias Nipkow *) |
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section \<open>Binary Tree\<close> |
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theory Tree |
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imports Main |
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begin |
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datatype 'a tree = |
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Leaf ("\<langle>\<rangle>") | |
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Node (left: "'a tree") (val: 'a) (right: "'a tree") ("\<langle>_, _, _\<rangle>") |
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where |
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"left Leaf = Leaf" |
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| "right Leaf = Leaf" |
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register tree with datatype_compat ot support QuickCheck
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datatype_compat tree |
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text\<open>Can be seen as counting the number of leaves rather than nodes:\<close> |
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definition size1 :: "'a tree \<Rightarrow> nat" where |
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"size1 t = size t + 1" |
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lemma size1_simps[simp]: |
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"size1 \<langle>\<rangle> = 1" |
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"size1 \<langle>l, x, r\<rangle> = size1 l + size1 r" |
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by (simp_all add: size1_def) |
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lemma size_0_iff_Leaf: "size t = 0 \<longleftrightarrow> t = Leaf" |
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by(cases t) auto |
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lemma neq_Leaf_iff: "(t \<noteq> \<langle>\<rangle>) = (\<exists>l a r. t = \<langle>l, a, r\<rangle>)" |
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by (cases t) auto |
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lemma finite_set_tree[simp]: "finite(set_tree t)" |
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by(induction t) auto |
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lemma size_map_tree[simp]: "size (map_tree f t) = size t" |
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by (induction t) auto |
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lemma size1_map_tree[simp]: "size1 (map_tree f t) = size1 t" |
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by (simp add: size1_def) |
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subsection "The depth" |
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fun depth :: "'a tree => nat" where |
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"depth Leaf = 0" | |
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"depth (Node t1 a t2) = Suc (max (depth t1) (depth t2))" |
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lemma depth_map_tree[simp]: "depth (map_tree f t) = depth t" |
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by (induction t) auto |
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subsection "The set of subtrees" |
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fun subtrees :: "'a tree \<Rightarrow> 'a tree set" where |
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"subtrees \<langle>\<rangle> = {\<langle>\<rangle>}" | |
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"subtrees (\<langle>l, a, r\<rangle>) = insert \<langle>l, a, r\<rangle> (subtrees l \<union> subtrees r)" |
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lemma set_treeE: "a \<in> set_tree t \<Longrightarrow> \<exists>l r. \<langle>l, a, r\<rangle> \<in> subtrees t" |
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by (induction t)(auto) |
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lemma Node_notin_subtrees_if[simp]: "a \<notin> set_tree t \<Longrightarrow> Node l a r \<notin> subtrees t" |
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by (induction t) auto |
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lemma in_set_tree_if: "\<langle>l, a, r\<rangle> \<in> subtrees t \<Longrightarrow> a \<in> set_tree t" |
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by (metis Node_notin_subtrees_if) |
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subsection "List of entries" |
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fun preorder :: "'a tree \<Rightarrow> 'a list" where |
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"preorder \<langle>\<rangle> = []" | |
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"preorder \<langle>l, x, r\<rangle> = x # preorder l @ preorder r" |
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fun inorder :: "'a tree \<Rightarrow> 'a list" where |
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"inorder \<langle>\<rangle> = []" | |
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"inorder \<langle>l, x, r\<rangle> = inorder l @ [x] @ inorder r" |
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lemma set_inorder[simp]: "set (inorder t) = set_tree t" |
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by (induction t) auto |
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lemma set_preorder[simp]: "set (preorder t) = set_tree t" |
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by (induction t) auto |
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lemma length_preorder[simp]: "length (preorder t) = size t" |
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by (induction t) auto |
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lemma length_inorder[simp]: "length (inorder t) = size t" |
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by (induction t) auto |
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lemma preorder_map: "preorder (map_tree f t) = map f (preorder t)" |
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by (induction t) auto |
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lemma inorder_map: "inorder (map_tree f t) = map f (inorder t)" |
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by (induction t) auto |
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subsection \<open>Binary Search Tree predicate\<close> |
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fun (in linorder) bst :: "'a tree \<Rightarrow> bool" where |
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"bst \<langle>\<rangle> \<longleftrightarrow> True" | |
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"bst \<langle>l, a, r\<rangle> \<longleftrightarrow> bst l \<and> bst r \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>set_tree l. x < a) \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>set_tree r. a < x)" |
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text\<open>In case there are duplicates:\<close> |
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fun (in linorder) bst_eq :: "'a tree \<Rightarrow> bool" where |
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"bst_eq \<langle>\<rangle> \<longleftrightarrow> True" | |
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"bst_eq \<langle>l,a,r\<rangle> \<longleftrightarrow> |
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bst_eq l \<and> bst_eq r \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>set_tree l. x \<le> a) \<and> (\<forall>x\<in>set_tree r. a \<le> x)" |
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lemma (in linorder) bst_eq_if_bst: "bst t \<Longrightarrow> bst_eq t" |
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by (induction t) (auto) |
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lemma (in linorder) bst_eq_imp_sorted: "bst_eq t \<Longrightarrow> sorted (inorder t)" |
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apply (induction t) |
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apply(simp) |
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by (fastforce simp: sorted_append sorted_Cons intro: less_imp_le less_trans) |
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lemma (in linorder) distinct_preorder_if_bst: "bst t \<Longrightarrow> distinct (preorder t)" |
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apply (induction t) |
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apply simp |
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apply(fastforce elim: order.asym) |
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done |
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lemma (in linorder) distinct_inorder_if_bst: "bst t \<Longrightarrow> distinct (inorder t)" |
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apply (induction t) |
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apply simp |
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apply(fastforce elim: order.asym) |
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done |
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subsection "The heap predicate" |
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fun heap :: "'a::linorder tree \<Rightarrow> bool" where |
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"heap Leaf = True" | |
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"heap (Node l m r) = |
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(heap l \<and> heap r \<and> (\<forall>x \<in> set_tree l \<union> set_tree r. m \<le> x))" |
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subsection "Function @{text mirror}" |
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fun mirror :: "'a tree \<Rightarrow> 'a tree" where |
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"mirror \<langle>\<rangle> = Leaf" | |
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"mirror \<langle>l,x,r\<rangle> = \<langle>mirror r, x, mirror l\<rangle>" |
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lemma mirror_Leaf[simp]: "mirror t = \<langle>\<rangle> \<longleftrightarrow> t = \<langle>\<rangle>" |
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by (induction t) simp_all |
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lemma size_mirror[simp]: "size(mirror t) = size t" |
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by (induction t) simp_all |
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lemma size1_mirror[simp]: "size1(mirror t) = size1 t" |
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by (simp add: size1_def) |
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lemma depth_mirror[simp]: "depth(mirror t) = depth t" |
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by (induction t) simp_all |
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lemma inorder_mirror: "inorder(mirror t) = rev(inorder t)" |
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by (induction t) simp_all |
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lemma map_mirror: "map_tree f (mirror t) = mirror (map_tree f t)" |
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by (induction t) simp_all |
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lemma mirror_mirror[simp]: "mirror(mirror t) = t" |
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by (induction t) simp_all |
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subsection "Deletion of the rightmost entry" |
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fun del_rightmost :: "'a tree \<Rightarrow> 'a tree * 'a" where |
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"del_rightmost \<langle>l, a, \<langle>\<rangle>\<rangle> = (l,a)" | |
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"del_rightmost \<langle>l, a, r\<rangle> = (let (r',x) = del_rightmost r in (\<langle>l, a, r'\<rangle>, x))" |
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lemma del_rightmost_set_tree_if_bst: |
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"\<lbrakk> del_rightmost t = (t',x); bst t; t \<noteq> Leaf \<rbrakk> |
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\<Longrightarrow> x \<in> set_tree t \<and> set_tree t' = set_tree t - {x}" |
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apply(induction t arbitrary: t' rule: del_rightmost.induct) |
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apply (fastforce simp: ball_Un split: prod.splits)+ |
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done |
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lemma del_rightmost_set_tree: |
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"\<lbrakk> del_rightmost t = (t',x); t \<noteq> \<langle>\<rangle> \<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> set_tree t = insert x (set_tree t')" |
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apply(induction t arbitrary: t' rule: del_rightmost.induct) |
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by (auto split: prod.splits) auto |
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lemma del_rightmost_bst: |
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"\<lbrakk> del_rightmost t = (t',x); bst t; t \<noteq> \<langle>\<rangle> \<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> bst t'" |
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proof(induction t arbitrary: t' rule: del_rightmost.induct) |
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case (2 l a rl b rr) |
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let ?r = "Node rl b rr" |
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from "2.prems"(1) obtain r' where 1: "del_rightmost ?r = (r',x)" and [simp]: "t' = Node l a r'" |
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by(simp split: prod.splits) |
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from "2.prems"(2) 1 del_rightmost_set_tree[OF 1] show ?case by(auto)(simp add: "2.IH") |
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qed auto |
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lemma del_rightmost_greater: "\<lbrakk> del_rightmost t = (t',x); bst t; t \<noteq> \<langle>\<rangle> \<rbrakk> |
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\<Longrightarrow> \<forall>a\<in>set_tree t'. a < x" |
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proof(induction t arbitrary: t' rule: del_rightmost.induct) |
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case (2 l a rl b rr) |
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from "2.prems"(1) obtain r' |
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where dm: "del_rightmost (Node rl b rr) = (r',x)" and [simp]: "t' = Node l a r'" |
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by(simp split: prod.splits) |
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show ?case using "2.prems"(2) "2.IH"[OF dm] del_rightmost_set_tree_if_bst[OF dm] |
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by (fastforce simp add: ball_Un) |
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qed simp_all |
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lemma del_rightmost_Max: |
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"\<lbrakk> del_rightmost t = (t',x); bst t; t \<noteq> \<langle>\<rangle> \<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> x = Max(set_tree t)" |
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by (metis Max_insert2 del_rightmost_greater del_rightmost_set_tree finite_set_tree less_le_not_le) |
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end |